Electrical Energy Systems

El-Hawary M.E.0849321913, 9780849321917

The growing importance of renewable energy sources, control methods and mechanisms, and system restoration has created a need for a concise, comprehensive text that covers the concepts associated with electric power and energy systems. Electrical Energy Systems fills that need, providing an up-to-date introduction to this dynamic field. The author begins with a discussion of the modern electric power system, centering on the technical aspects of power generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization. After providing an overview of electric power and machine theory fundamentals, he offers a practical treatment-focused on applications-of the major topics required for a solid background in the field, including synchronous machines, transformers, and electric motors. He also furnishes a unique look at activities related to power systems, such as power flow and control, stability, state estimation, and security assessment. A discussion of present and future directions of the electrical energy field rounds out the text. With its broad, up-to-date coverage, emphasis on applications, and integrated MATLAB scripts, Electrical Energy Systems provides an ideal, practical introduction to the field-perfect for self-study or short-course work for professionals in related disciplines.

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Table of contents :
Header……Page 1
Cover……Page 2
Table of Contents……Page 6
Preface……Page 9
1.1 – A Brief History of Electric Power Systems……Page 11
1.2 – The Structure of the Power System……Page 13
1.3 – Outline of the Text……Page 17
2.2 – Concepts of Power in Alternating Current Systems……Page 18
2.3 – Three-Phase Systems……Page 23
2.4 – The Per Unit System……Page 33
2.5 – Electromagnetism and Electromechanical Energy Conversion……Page 36
2.6 – Permeability……Page 39
2.7 – Flux Linkages, Induced Voltages, Inductance, and Energy……Page 42
2.8 – Hysteresis Loop……Page 45
2.9 – Eddy Current and Core Losses……Page 46
2.10 – Energy Flow Approach……Page 49
2.11 – Multiply Excited Systems……Page 53
2.12 – Doubly Excited Systems……Page 54
2.13 – Salient-Pole Machines……Page 56
2.14 – Round or Smooth Air-Gap Machines……Page 58
2.15 – Machine-Type Classification……Page 61
2.16 – P-Pole Machines……Page 63
2.17 – Power System Representation……Page 67
Problems……Page 68
3.2 – The Synchronous Machine: Preliminaries……Page 77
3.3 – Synchronous Machine Fields……Page 80
3.4 – A Simple Equivalent Circuit……Page 82
3.5 – Principal Steady-State Characteristics……Page 85
3.6 – Power-Angle Characteristics and the Infinite Bus Concept……Page 87
3.7 – Accounting for Saliency……Page 95
3.8 – Salient-Pole Machine Power Angle Characteristics……Page 99
Problems……Page 101
4.2 – General Theory of Transformer Operation……Page 105
4.3 – Transformer Connections……Page 119
Problems……Page 129
5.2 – Electric Transmission Line Parameters……Page 133
5.3 – Line Inductance……Page 135
5.4 – Line Capacitance……Page 153
5.5 – Two-Port Networks……Page 169
5.6 – Transmission Line Models……Page 171
Problems……Page 187
6.2 – Three-Phase Induction Motors……Page 192
6.3 – Torque Relations……Page 200
6.4 – Classification of Induction Motors……Page 205
6.5 – Rotating Magnetic Fields in Single-Phase Induction Motors……Page 206
6.6 – Equivalent Circuits for Single-Phase Induction Motors……Page 211
6.7 – Power and Torque Relations……Page 217
6.8 – Starting Single-Phase Induction Motors……Page 223
6.9 – Single-Phase Induction Motor Types……Page 225
Problems……Page 232
7.1 – Introduction……Page 237
7.2 – Transients During a Balanced Fault……Page 238
7.3 – The Method of Symmetrical Components……Page 240
7.4 – Sequence Networks……Page 245
7.5 – Line-to-Ground Fault……Page 261
7.6 – Double Line-to-Ground Fault……Page 264
7.7 – Line-to-Line Fault……Page 268
7.8 – The Balanced Three-Phase Fault……Page 270
7.9 – System Protection, an Introduction……Page 271
7.10 – Protective Relays……Page 273
7.11 – Transformer Protection……Page 276
7.12 – Transmission Line Protection……Page 282
7.13 – Impedance-Based Protection Principles……Page 289
7.14 – Computer Relaying……Page 297
Problems……Page 299
8.1 – Introduction……Page 304
8.2 – Overview of EMS Functions……Page 306
8.3 – Power Flow Control……Page 314
8.4 – Power Flow……Page 318
8.5 – Stability Considerations……Page 331
8.6 – Power System State Estimation……Page 339
8.7 – Power System Security……Page 343
8.8 – Contingency Analysis……Page 348
8.9 – Optimal Preventive and Corrective Actions……Page 353
8.10 – Dynamic Security Analysis……Page 360
References……Page 365