Geoffrey Stokes0632058986, 9780632058983
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Table of contents :
10.7.5 Minimum bending radii of cables……Page 7
Preface to the Third Edition……Page 17
Acknowledgements……Page 19
Notation……Page 20
1.1 Plan of BS 7671:2001……Page 25
1.3 Supporting publications……Page 28
2.2 Electricity – the hazards……Page 29
2.3.2 The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (EWR)……Page 32
2.4.5 Electrical equipment for use in the presence of combustible dust – BS EN 50281……Page 33
2.4.10 Lighting protection – BS 6651……Page 34
2.4.12 Equipment……Page 35
3.1 General……Page 36
3.2.1 General……Page 37
3.2.2 Exclusions from the Scope……Page 38
3.2.4 Relationship with Statutory Authorities……Page 39
3.3.1 General……Page 40
3.4.1 General……Page 41
3.4.5 Protection against overcurrent……Page 43
3.4.9 Design……Page 44
3.4.10 Selection of electrical equipment……Page 45
3.4.11 Erection, verification, and periodic inspection and testing of electrical installations……Page 46
4.2.1 General……Page 48
4.2.2 Lighting – loading and diversity……Page 49
4.2.4 Cookers – loading and diversity……Page 51
4.2.6 Motors – loading and diversity……Page 52
4.2.9 Socket-outlet circuits other than conventional circuits – loading and diversity……Page 53
4.3.2 Type of earthing……Page 54
4.4.2 Voltage……Page 59
4.4.4 Prospective short-circuit current……Page 60
4.4.6 Suitability of supply……Page 62
4.5 Supplies for safety services and standby purposes……Page 63
4.8 Compatibility……Page 64
4.9 Maintainability……Page 65
5.1 General……Page 67
5.2.1 General……Page 69
5.2.2 Protection by SELV……Page 70
5.2.3 Protection by other extra-low voltage systems……Page 72
5.3.1 General……Page 73
5.3.2 Insulation of live parts……Page 74
5.3.3 Protection by barriers or enclosures……Page 75
5.3.4 Protection by obstacles……Page 76
5.3.6 Special provisions and exceptions……Page 77
5.3.8 Protection against direct contact, general points……Page 78
5.4.1 General……Page 79
5.4.2 General requirements for EEBADS……Page 82
5.4.3 EEBADS for TN systems……Page 87
5.4.4 EEBADS for TT systems……Page 96
5.4.5 EEBADS for IT systems……Page 97
5.4.7 Protection by use of Class II or by equivalent insulation……Page 99
5.4.8 Protection by non-conducting location……Page 102
5.4.10 Protection by electrical separation……Page 104
5.4.12 PELV and functional extra-low voltage systems……Page 106
5.4.13 Automatic disconnection and reduced low-voltage systems……Page 108
5.4.14 Supplies for portable equipment outdoors……Page 110
5.4.15 RCD special considerations……Page 111
6.1 General……Page 112
6.2.1 Surface temperature……Page 114
6.2.3 Live conductors……Page 115
6.2.4 Flammable liquids……Page 116
6.3 Burns……Page 118
6.4.1 Forced air heating systems……Page 119
6.5.2 Locations with risks of fire due to the nature of processed or stored materials……Page 120
6.5.3 Locations with combustible constructional materials……Page 122
7.1 General……Page 123
7.2 Nature of protective devices……Page 124
7.3.1 General……Page 125
7.3.2 Protection against overload – motors……Page 129
7.4 Protection against fault current……Page 132
7.5.1 General……Page 134
7.5.2 Calculation of inductive reactance……Page 138
7.5.3 Evaluation of k for different temperatures……Page 139
7.5.4 Calculation of impedance of steel enclosures……Page 140
7.5.5 Resistance and inductive reactance values……Page 141
7.5.7 Phase-to-neutral short-circuits……Page 142
7.5.8 Phase-to-phase short-circuits……Page 144
7.5.9 Three-phase short-circuit……Page 145
7.5.10 Phase-to-earth faults……Page 147
7.5.11 Fault current at the origin of an installation……Page 148
7.6 Characteristics of protective devices……Page 151
7.7 Overcurrent protection of conductors in parallel……Page 153
7.9 Protection according to the nature of circuits and distribution systems……Page 158
7.10 Protection against undervoltage……Page 159
7.11 Protection against overvoltage……Page 160
8.1 General……Page 161
8.2 Main switch……Page 165
8.3 Isolation……Page 168
8.4 Switching off for mechanical maintenance……Page 173
8.5.1 General……Page 176
8.5.2 The fireman’s switch……Page 179
8.6 Emergency stopping……Page 180
8.7 Functional switching……Page 181
8.8 Identification and notices……Page 183
9.2 Compliance with Standards……Page 184
9.3 Operational conditions, external influences and accessibility……Page 185
9.4 Identification and notices……Page 187
10.7.7 Other cable management systems……Page 249
10.8 Minimising the risk of fire……Page 251
10.9 Electromagnetic and electromechanical effects……Page 253
10.10.1 Conduit capacities……Page 255
10.10.2 Trunking capacities……Page 259
10.11 Maintainability……Page 261
11.2.1 Switchgear and controlgear – general……Page 263
11.3 Selection of devices for overload and fault current protection – general……Page 265
11.4 Overcurrent protective devices……Page 268
11.4.1 Fuses – general……Page 273
11.4.3 High breaking capacity fuses to BS 88……Page 275
11.4.5 Cartridge fuses to BS 1362……Page 276
11.4.6 Miniature circuit-breakers to BS 3871 and BS EN 60 898……Page 277
11.4.7 Moulded case circuit-breakers to BS EN 60 947-2……Page 280
11.5.1 Residual current devices – general……Page 281
11.5.2 Residual current devices – principles of operation……Page 283
11.6 Identification of overcurrent protective devices……Page 286
11.7.1 Discrimination – general……Page 288
11.7.3 Discrimination – MCBs/MCBs……Page 289
11.7.4 Discrimination – MCBs/fuse……Page 292
11.7.5 Discrimination – RCDs……Page 293
11.8.2 Luminaires and lighting points……Page 296
11.8.4 Heating conductors and electric surface heating systems……Page 299
11.8.5 Transformers……Page 300
11.8.6 Rotating machines……Page 301
12.1.1 Protective conductors – general……Page 303
12.1.3 Protective conductors – thermal withstand……Page 305
12.1.4 Protective conductors – sizes……Page 308
12.1.5 Protective conductors – for combined protective and functional purposes……Page 309
12.1.6 Protective conductors – electrical continuity……Page 313
12.1.7 Protective conductors – formed by steel conduit, trunking, etc…….Page 314
12.1.10 Protective conductors – armouring……Page 315
12.1.12 Protective conductors – proving and monitoring……Page 319
12.2.1 Earthing – general……Page 320
12.2.3 Earthing – connection to Earth and system arrangements……Page 321
12.2.4 Earthing conductors……Page 323
12.2.5 Earthing electrodes……Page 325
12.2.6 Main Earthing Terminals (METs)……Page 326
12.2.7 Earthing – accessories and other equipment……Page 327
12.3.1 Main equipotential bonding……Page 329
12.3.2 Additional equipotential bonding……Page 330
12.3.3 Supplementary equipotential bonding……Page 333
12.3.4 Bonding clamps……Page 334
13.2 Emergency lighting……Page 336
13.3 Fire detection and alarm systems……Page 337
13.4 Petrol filling stations and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) stations……Page 343
13.7 Installations in multi-occupancy blocks of flats……Page 344
13.8 Installations in ‘Section 20’ buildings……Page 345
13.10 Installations in thatched properties……Page 347
13.11 Extra-low voltage lighting……Page 348
13.12 Security lighting……Page 351
13.13 Welding equipment……Page 352
13.15 Generator sets……Page 353
14.1 Safety services – general……Page 357
14.2 Common sources……Page 358
14.3 Parallel and non-parallel sources……Page 360
14.5 Protection against overcurrent and indirect contact……Page 361
15.3 User’s requirements……Page 363
15.4 Wiring systems……Page 364
15.6 Assessment of supply characteristics……Page 365
15.7 ‘Meter tails’……Page 366
15.8 System earthing arrangements……Page 367
15.9 Main equipotential bonding……Page 369
15.10 Minimum csa of earthing and main equipotential bonding conductors……Page 370
15.11 Supplementary equipotential bonding……Page 371
15.12 Devices for protection against overcurrent and indirect contact……Page 372
15.14 Final circuit design……Page 374
15.15 Remote buildings……Page 388
15.16 Minimum number of socket-outlets in domestic premises……Page 389
15.17 Modifications to existing installations……Page 390
15.18 Inspection, testing, verification and certification of the smaller installation……Page 391
16.2.1 General……Page 392
16.2.3 Degrees of ingress protection (IP)……Page 394
16.2.4 Equipment permitted in and outside the various zones……Page 395
16.2.5 Electric shock……Page 396
16.2.6 Supplementary equipotential bonding……Page 397
16.2.7 Shaver supply units and socket-outlets……Page 399
16.2.8 Portable and non-fixed equipment……Page 400
16.2.12 Other equipment……Page 401
16.3.2 Additional requirements relating to electric shock……Page 402
16.4.1 General……Page 405
16.5.1 General……Page 406
16.5.3 Protection against electric shock – general……Page 409
16.5.4 Protection against electric shock – TN systems……Page 410
16.5.6 Protection against electric shock – IT systems……Page 413
16.5.9 Isolation and switching……Page 414
16.6.1 General……Page 415
16.6.4 EEBADS – TN systems……Page 416
16.6.7 Supplementary equipotential bonding……Page 419
16.6.9 Selection of equipment……Page 420
16.6.10 RCDs in series……Page 422
16.7.3 Protection against indirect contact……Page 423
16.8.1 General……Page 424
16.8.3 Minimum csa of protective conductors of final and distribution circuits……Page 425
16.9.1 General……Page 428
16.9.2 Requirements for safety……Page 429
16.9.4 Main isolating switch, caravan inlets and connection leads……Page 431
16.9.5 Luminaires and accessories……Page 432
16.10.1 General……Page 433
16.10.4 Typical caravan park distribution layout……Page 434
16.11.2 Protection against electric shock……Page 438
16.11.4 Cable installation and identification……Page 439
16.11.5 Temporary supplies from street furniture……Page 440
16.11.6 External influences……Page 441
17.2.1 General……Page 442
17.2.4 Earth loop impedance test instruments……Page 444
17.2.7 Residual current device test instruments……Page 445
17.3 Safety in electrical testing……Page 446
17.4.1 General……Page 447
17.4.2 Insulation tests……Page 448
17.4.3 Barriers and enclosures……Page 450
17.4.4 Non-conducting location tests……Page 451
17.4.6 Continuity tests……Page 452
17.4.7 Earth loop impedance and prospective fault current tests……Page 455
17.4.8 Applied voltage tests……Page 459
17.4.9 Earth electrode tests……Page 461
17.4.11 Separation of circuits……Page 463
17.5.2 Inspection……Page 464
17.5.3 Testing……Page 469
17.5.4 Initial certification – general……Page 474
17.5.5 Initial certification – caravans……Page 491
17.6.1 General……Page 492
17.6.2 Intervals between periodic inspection and testing……Page 496
17.6.4 Periodic inspection and testing……Page 497
17.6.5 Reporting……Page 504
17.7.3 Testing……Page 516
17.8.3 Petrol filling stations……Page 517
Appendix Standards to which reference has been made……Page 519
References……Page 525
Index of Figures……Page 527
Index of Tables……Page 531
Index of Regulation Numbers……Page 537
Subject Index……Page 547
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