Road user charging and electronic toll collection

Andrew T. W. Pickford, Philip T. Blythe1580538584, 9781580538589

As highways, crossing points, and urban streets become increasingly jammed with traffic, more and more roadway authorities are turning to electronic tolling and pricing to manage traffic and road usage. This authoritative book offers professionals expert guidance in planning, procuring, and operating electronic tolling and road-user charging systems. It cuts through a seemingly confusing array of technology solutions so analysts and engineers can match the right technology to policy. Moreover, the book clearly explains pricing and traffic management principles so planners can easily establish and change policies and pricing schemes. This practical volume focuses on established and emerging technologies used in charging, enforcement, and classifying vehicles, and it comprehensively covers privacy, legal, trade, and other regulatory issues. The book presents case studies from around the world that detail best practices for pricing, managing traffic demand, and developing local, regional, and cross-border pricing and tolling policies.

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Table of contents :
Road User Charging and Electronic Toll Collection……Page 1
Contents vii……Page 7
Acknowledgments xv……Page 15
1.1 Introduction 1……Page 19
1.2 Scope of This Book 2……Page 20
1.3 Brief Overview of Road Charging Developments 6……Page 24
References 9……Page 27
2.1 Historical Context 11……Page 29
2.2 Charging for Road Use 12……Page 30
2.3 From Policy to Technology 21……Page 39
2.4 New Methods of Charging 37……Page 55
2.5 Complementary Systems 41……Page 59
References 43……Page 61
3.1 Background 49……Page 67
3.2 Minimum Operational Requirements for Charging Technologies 51……Page 69
3.3 The Dilemma of Precedence 52……Page 70
3.4 Charging Versus Payment 53……Page 71
3.5 Functional Requirements and Technology Choice 54……Page 72
3.6 Standards and Interoperability 83……Page 101
3.7 The Future 88……Page 106
3.8 Summary and Conclusions 92……Page 110
References 93……Page 111
4.1 Background 97……Page 115
4.2 Declarations 98……Page 116
4.3 Measurability and Enforceability 101……Page 119
4.4 Enforcement Strategy Options 104……Page 122
4.5 The Enforcement Process 119……Page 137
4.6 Examples 125……Page 143
4.8 Innovation and Trends 128……Page 146
4.9 Summary 130……Page 148
References 131……Page 149
5.1 Background 133……Page 151
5.2 Approaches to Detection and Classification 137……Page 155
5.3 Detection and Measurement Technologies 149……Page 167
5.4 Worked Examples 151……Page 169
5.5 The Future 155……Page 173
References 157……Page 175
Selected Bibliography 159……Page 177
6.1 Context 161……Page 179
6.2 The Role of a Central System 162……Page 180
6.3 The Operations Life Cycle 177……Page 195
6.4 Scalability 182……Page 200
6.5 System Architectures 185……Page 203
6.6 Economies of Scale 187……Page 205
6.7 Summary 191……Page 209
References 192……Page 210
Selected Bibliography 193……Page 211
7.2 The Story So Far 195……Page 213
7.3 Context 196……Page 214
7.4 Timetable 210……Page 228
7.5 Procurement 212……Page 230
7.6 Perspectives 223……Page 241
7.7 Delivery and Operations 226……Page 244
7.8 Scaling 236……Page 254
7.9 The Future 238……Page 256
7.10 Summary 239……Page 257
References 240……Page 258
8.2 Urban Demand Management 243……Page 261
8.3 Small-Scale Toll Systems 254……Page 272
8.4 Regional and Interoperable Tolling 257……Page 275
8.5 Charging for HGVs 266……Page 284
8.6 HOT and HOV Lanes, United States 273……Page 291
8.7 Significant Trials and Pilots 275……Page 293
References 288……Page 306
9.2 New Communications and Location-Based Technologies 293……Page 311
9.3 Systems Innovations 306……Page 324
9.4 Intelligent Infrastructure 315……Page 333
9.5 Summary 328……Page 346
References 330……Page 348
Glossary 333……Page 351
About the Authors 349……Page 367
Index……Page 369