Organic Molecular Solids

Markus Schwoerer, Hans Christoph Wolf3527405402, 9783527405404

Research into the physical properties of organic solids, especially those containing conjugated pi-electron systems, has developed into an active and attractive sub-area of solid-state physics over the last few decades.There are several reasons for this development. First of all, there is the enormous diversity of properties typical of organic solids, such as long-distance energy conduction via excitons without electric-charge transport. With the powerful methods of organic chemistry, it is possible to vary these properties over wide ranges with ”tailor-made” molecules. Secondly, new applications are under development, such as organic light-emitting diodes and novel molecular electronics, which supplement electronic components based on inorganic semiconductors. Finally, organic solids represent a link between traditional physics and biological physics: Organic solid-state physics has made important contributions to the clarification of the elementary processes of photosynthesis, for example.Organic Molecular Solids has been written for graduate students and researchers, but will also be an interesting and valuable information source for all physicists, physical chemists and chemists wishing to learn more about the fascinating variety of organic solids. This is an introduction to the fundamentals of this topic, featuring detailed references, reading lists and problems.

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Table of contents :
Cover……Page 1
Contents……Page 8
What are Organic Solids?……Page 13
What are the Special Characteristics of Organic Solids?……Page 21
Goals and Future Outlook……Page 27
Problems……Page 28
References……Page 36
Forces……Page 37
Structures……Page 46
Polymer Single Crystals: Diacetylenes……Page 55
Thin Films……Page 59
Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Crystals……Page 63
Problems……Page 64
Monographs……Page 66
References……Page 67
Purification……Page 68
Highest Purity……Page 72
Crystal Growth……Page 74
Mixed Crystals……Page 81
Epitaxy, Ultrathin Films……Page 82
Problems……Page 83
References……Page 84
Foreign Molecules, Impurities, and X traps……Page 85
Structural Defects……Page 88
Characterisation of Defects……Page 94
References……Page 96
Introduction……Page 98
Intramolecular Vibrations……Page 100
Phonons……Page 102
Experimental Methods……Page 106
The 12 External Phonons of the Naphthalene Crystal……Page 109
Analytic Formulation of the Lattice Dynamics in Molecular Crystals……Page 116
Phonons in other Molecular Crystals……Page 118
Hindered Rotation and Diffusion……Page 122
Problems……Page 131
References……Page 132
Introduction……Page 134
Some historical remarks……Page 135
Optical Excited States in Crystals……Page 136
Davydov Splitting and Mini-Excitons……Page 143
Frenkel Excitons……Page 148
Charge Transfer (CT) Excitons……Page 158
Surface Excitons……Page 162
Excimers……Page 163
Exciton Processes, Energy Conduction……Page 165
Excitonic Processes in other Systems……Page 180
Problems……Page 182
References……Page 183
Introduction and Historical Remarks……Page 185
Spin Quantisation in Triplet States……Page 189
The Dipole-Dipole Interaction, Fine Structure……Page 191
Mini-Excitons……Page 200
Triplet Excitons……Page 207
Optical Spin Polarisation (OEP)……Page 212
Optical Nuclear-Spin Polarisation (ONP)……Page 220
Problems……Page 222
Monographs……Page 223
References……Page 224
Organic Semiconductors……Page 225
Preliminary Historical Remarks……Page 228
Conductivity and Mobility of nearly-free Charge Carriers……Page 231
Charge Carriers in Organic Semiconductors: Polarons, Shallow Traps and Deep Traps……Page 236
Generation of Charge Carriers and Charge Transport: Experimental Methods……Page 242
Charge-Carrier Mobilities in Organic Molecular Crystals……Page 271
Charge Transport in Disordered Organic Semiconductors……Page 287
Monographs and Books……Page 311
References……Page 312
Donor-Acceptor Systems……Page 314
Strong CT Complexes, Radical-ion Salts……Page 315
The Organic Metal TTF-TCNQ – Peierls Transition and Charge-Density Waves……Page 321
Other Radical-ion Salts and CT Complexes……Page 329
Radical-Anion Salts of DCNQI……Page 330
Radical-Cation Salts of the Arenes……Page 337
Problems for Chapter 9……Page 353
References……Page 354
Introduction……Page 357
Mainly One-dimensional Charge-Transfer Salts as Superconductors; Bechgaard Salts……Page 359
Quasi-Two-dimensional Charge-Transfer Systems as Superconductors……Page 362
The Nature of the Superconducting State in Organic Salts……Page 365
Three-dimensional Superconductivity in Fullerene Compounds……Page 367
References……Page 369
Electroluminescence and the Photovoltaic Effect……Page 371
Electroluminescence: Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)……Page 372
Photovoltaic Effect: Organic Photovoltaic Cells……Page 387
References……Page 395
What is Molecular Electronics and What Will it Do?……Page 397
Molecules as Switches, Photochromic Effects……Page 398
Molecular Wires……Page 401
Light-Induced Phase Transitions……Page 402
Molecular Rectifiers……Page 406
Molecular Transistors……Page 407
Molecular Storage Units……Page 412
References……Page 414
Appendix……Page 416
Index……Page 422