Reservoir Formation Damage (2007)(2nd ed.)(en)(1136s)

Faruk Civan PhD9780750677387, 0750677384

[Gulf Professional Publishing]Engineering/Petroleum EngineeringReservoir Formation Damage, Second EditionFaruk Civan, Ph.D.Alumni Chair Professor,The University of Oklahoma* Petroleum engineers and managers get critical material on evaluation, prevention, and remediation of formation damage which can save or cost millions in profits from a mechanistic point of view.* State-of-the-Art knowledge and valuable insights into the nature of processes and operational practices causing formation damage* Provides new strategies designed to minimize the impact and avoid formation damage in petroleum reservoirs with the newest drilling, monitoring, and detection techniquesReservoir Formation Damage, Second edition is a comprehensive treatise of the theory and modeling of common formation damage problems and is an important guide for research and development, laboratory testing for diagnosis and effective treatment, and tailor-fit- design of optimal strategies for mitigation of reservoir formation damage. The new edition includes field case histories and simulated scenarios demonstrating the consequences of formation damage in petroleum reservoirsFaruk Civan, Ph.D., is an Alumni Chair Professor in the Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering at the University of Oklahoma in Norman. Dr. Civan has received numerous honors and awards, including five distinguished lectureship awards and the 2003 SPE Distinguished Achievement Award for Petroleum Engineering Faculty.

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Table of contents :
Front Cover……Page 1
Reservoir Formation Damage……Page 4
Copyright Page……Page 5
Table of Contents……Page 8
Preface……Page 16
About the author……Page 20
1.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 22
1.2 COMMON FORMATION DAMAGE PROBLEMS, FACTORS, AND MECHANISMS……Page 26
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE BOOK……Page 28
PART I Characterization of Reservoir Rock for Formation Damage – Mineralogy, Texture, Petrographics, Petrophysics, and Instrumental Techniques……Page 32
CHAPTER 2 MINERALOGY AND MINERAL SENSITIVITY OF PETROLEUM-BEARING FORMATIONS……Page 34
2.2 ORIGIN OF PETROLEUM-BEARING FORMATIONS……Page 35
2.3 CONSTITUENTS OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS……Page 36
2.4 COMPOSITION OF PETROLEUM-BEARING FORMATIONS……Page 37
2.5 MINERAL SENSITIVITY OF SEDIMENTARY FORMATIONS……Page 39
2.6 MECHANISM OF CLAY SWELLING……Page 49
2.7 MODELING CLAY SWELLING……Page 55
2.8 CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY……Page 77
2.9 SHALE SWELLING AND STABILITY……Page 84
3.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 99
3.2 PETROGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS……Page 100
3.3 MORPHOLOGY OF DISPERSED CLAYS IN SANDSTONES……Page 114
3.4 ROCK DAMAGE TENDENCY AND FORMATION DAMAGE INDEX NUMBER……Page 116
3.5 RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION……Page 120
4.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 122
4.2 WETTABILITY ALTERATION……Page 123
4.3 DEPENDENCE OF END-POINT SATURATIONS TO POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY……Page 129
4.4 ALTERATION OF FLOW FUNCTIONS: CAPILLARY PRESSURE AND RELATIVE PERMEABILITY……Page 132
4.5 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCY OF THE ROCK WETTABILITY……Page 137
4.6 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON FORMATION DAMAGE……Page 140
4.7 EFFECT OF MORPHOLOGY OF DISPERSED CLAYS ON CAPILLARY PRESSURE AND RELATIVE PERMEABILITY IN SANDSTONES……Page 142
5.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 146
5.2 BASIC MODELS FOR PERMEABILITY OF ROCKS……Page 147
5.3 SPECIAL EFFECTS……Page 158
5.4 ADVANCED APPLICATIONS……Page 160
6.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 175
6.2 FORMATION EVALUATION (FE)……Page 176
6.3 INSTRUMENTAL LABORATORY TECHNIQUES……Page 179
PART II Characterization of the Porous Media Processes for Formation Damage – Accountability of Phases and Species, Rock–Fluid-Particle Interactions……Page 196
7.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 198
7.2 MULTIPHASE AND SPECIES SYSTEMS IN POROUS MEDIA……Page 199
7.3 ALTERNATIVE EXPRESSIONS OF VARIOUS SPECIES AND FLOW FOR SYSTEMS IN POROUS MEDIA……Page 200
7.4 MULTISPECIES AND MULTIPHASE MACROSCOPIC TRANSPORT EQUATIONS……Page 205
8.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 212
8.2 PARTICULATE PROCESSES……Page 214
8.3 PROPERTIES AFFECTING PARTICLES……Page 215
8.4 FORCES ACTING UPON PARTICLES……Page 216
8.5 RATE EQUATIONS FOR PARTICULATE PROCESSES IN POROUS MATRIX……Page 224
8.6 PARTICULATE PHENOMENA IN MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS……Page 241
8.7 TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON PARTICULATE PROCESSES……Page 248
9.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 256
9.2 TYPES OF PRECIPITATION……Page 257
9.3 SOLID–LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM AND SOLUBILITY EQUATION……Page 258
9.4 CRYSTALLIZATION PHENOMENA……Page 260
9.5 PARTICLE GROWTH AND DISSOLUTION IN SOLUTION……Page 270
9.6 SCALE FORMATION AND DISSOLUTION AT THE PORE SURFACE……Page 271
9.7 CRYSTAL SURFACE PITTING AND DISPLACEMENT BY DISSOLUTION……Page 274
PART III Formation Damage by Particulate Processes – Fines Mobilization, Migration, and Deposition……Page 278
10.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 280
10.2 ALGEBRAIC CORE IMPAIRMENT MODEL……Page 281
10.3 ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL COMPARTMENTS-IN-SERIES CORE IMPAIRMENT MODEL……Page 294
10.4 SIMPLE PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL CORE IMPAIRMENT MODEL……Page 298
10.5 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL CORE IMPAIRMENT MODEL CONSIDERING THE CLAYEY FORMATION SWELLING AND BOTH THE INDIGENOUS……Page 300
10.6 PLUGGING–NONPLUGGING PARALLEL PATHWAYS PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL CORE IMPAIRMENT MODEL……Page 306
10.7 MODEL-ASSISTED ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA……Page 313
11.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 338
11.2 FORMULATION OF A MULTIPHASE FORMATION DAMAGE MODEL……Page 339
11.3 MODEL-ASSISTED ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA……Page 352
CHAPTER 12 CAKE FILTRATION: MECHANISM, PARAMETERS, AND MODELING……Page 362
12.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 363
12.2 INCOMPRESSIVE CAKE FILTRATION WITHOUT FINES INTRUSION……Page 366
12.3 COMPRESSIVE CAKE FILTRATION INCLUDING FINES INVASION……Page 395
PART IV Formation Damage by Inorganic and Organic Processes – Chemical Reactions, Saturation Phenomena, Deposition, and Dissolution……Page 426
13.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 428
13.2 GEOCHEMICAL PHENOMENA — CLASSIFICATION, FORMULATION, MODELING, AND SIMULATION……Page 431
13.3 REACTIONS IN POROUS MEDIA……Page 433
13.4 GEOCHEMICAL MODELING……Page 442
13.5 GRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ROCK–FLUID CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM……Page 447
13.6 GEOCHEMICAL MODEL-ASSISTED ANALYSIS OF FLUID–FLUID AND ROCK–FLUID COMPATIBILITY……Page 452
13.7 GEOCHEMICAL SIMULATION OF ROCK–FLUID INTERACTIONS IN BRINE-SATURATED SEDIMENTARY BASINS……Page 477
14.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 489
14.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF ASPHALTENIC OILS……Page 492
14.3 MECHANISMS OF THE HEAVY ORGANIC DEPOSITION……Page 498
14.4 ASPHALTENE AND WAX PHASE BEHAVIOR……Page 500
14.5 PREDICTION OF ASPHALTENE STABILITY AND MEASUREMENT (DETECTION) OF THE ONSET OF ASPHALTENE FLOCCULATION……Page 523
14.6 ALGEBRAIC MODEL FOR FORMATION DAMAGE BY ASPHALTENE PRECIPITATION IN SINGLE PHASE……Page 535
14.7 PLUGGING–NONPLUGGING PATHWAYS MODEL FOR ASPHALTENE DEPOSITION IN SINGLE PHASE……Page 537
14.8 TWO-PHASE AND DUAL-POROSITY MODEL FOR SIMULTANEOUS ASPHALTENE–PARAFFIN DEPOSITION……Page 542
14.9 SINGLE-POROSITY AND TWO-PHASE MODEL FOR ORGANIC DEPOSITION……Page 553
PART V Assessment of the Formation Damage Potential – Testing, Simulation, Analysis, and Interpretation……Page 578
15.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 580
15.2 FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES OF PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE FOR FORMATION DAMAGE IN PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS……Page 582
15.3 SELECTION OF RESERVOIR-COMPATIBLE FLUIDS……Page 583
15.4 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP FOR FORMATION DAMAGE TESTING……Page 585
15.5 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR LABORATORY FORMATION DAMAGE TESTS……Page 598
15.6 PROTOCOL FOR STANDARD CORE FLOOD TESTS……Page 609
15.7 LABORATORY PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATION OF COMMON FORMATION DAMAGE PROBLEMS……Page 616
15.8 EVALUATION OF THE RESERVOIR FORMATION DAMAGE POTENTIAL BY LABORATORY TESTING – A CASE STUDY……Page 637
16.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 666
16.2 DESCRIPTION OF FUNDAMENTAL MODEL EQUATIONS……Page 668
16.3 NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF FORMATION DAMAGE MODELS……Page 670
16.4 ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS……Page 672
16.5 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS……Page 676
CHAPTER 17 MODEL-ASSISTED ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTS……Page 691
17.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 692
17.2 MEASUREMENT ERROR……Page 694
17.3 MODEL VALIDATION, REFINEMENT, AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION……Page 703
17.4 FORMATION DAMAGE POTENTIAL OF STIMULATION AND PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES……Page 710
17.5 REACTIVE-TRANSPORT SIMULATION OF DOLOMITIZATION, ANHYDRITE CEMENTATION, AND POROSITY EVOLUTION……Page 739
17.6 IMPACT OF SCALE DEPOSITION IN A RESERVOIR……Page 741
17.7 SIMULATION OF FINE PARTICLE MOBILIZATION, MIGRATION, AND DEPOSITION IN A CORE PLUG……Page 748
PART VI Formation Damage Models for Fields Applications – Drilling Mud Invasion, Injectivity of Wells, Sanding and Gravel-Pack Damage, and Inorganic……Page 760
18.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 762
18.2 DEPTH OF MUD DAMAGE CORRELATION……Page 767
18.3 SINGLE-PHASE MUD FILTRATE INVASION MODEL……Page 768
18.4 TWO-PHASE WELLBORE MUD INVASION AND FILTER CAKE FORMATION MODEL……Page 772
18.5 NEAR-WELLBORE FILTRATE INVASION……Page 776
18.6 DYNAMICALLY-COUPLED MUDCAKE BUILD-UP AND IMMISCIBLE MULTIPHASE FILTRATE INVASION……Page 779
18.7 DRILLING MUD LOSS INTO NATURALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIRS……Page 783
19.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 796
19.2 INJECTIVITY OF WELLS……Page 798
19.3 WATER QUALITY RATIO (WQR)……Page 801
19.4 SINGLE-PHASE FILTRATION PROCESSES……Page 808
19.5 DIAGNOSTIC-TYPE CURVES FOR WATER INJECTIVITY TESTS……Page 821
19.7 FIELD APPLICATIONS……Page 823
20.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 835
20.2 PREDICTION OF SANDING CONDITIONS USING A SIMPLE MODEL……Page 837
20.3 PREDICTION OF MASSIVE SAND PRODUCTION USING A DIFFERENTIAL MODEL……Page 838
20.4 MODELING SAND RETENTION IN GRAVEL-PACKS……Page 844
20.5 RESERVOIR COMPACTION AND SUBSIDENCE……Page 845
21.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 850
21.2 MODELING NEAR-WELLBORE DEPOSITION AND ITS EFFECT ON WELL PERFORMANCE……Page 852
21.3 NEAR-WELLBORE SULFUR DEPOSITION……Page 857
21.4 NEAR-WELLBORE CALCITE DEPOSITION……Page 861
21.5 NEAR-WELLBORE ASPHALTENE DEPOSITION……Page 863
PART VII Diagnosis and Mitigation of Formation Damage – Measurement, Assessment, Control, and Remediation……Page 878
22.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 880
22.2 DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION OF FORMATION DAMAGE IN THE FIELD……Page 881
22.3 PSEUDO-DAMAGE VS. FORMATION DAMAGE……Page 884
22.4 MEASURES OF FORMATION DAMAGE……Page 885
22.6 MODEL-ASSISTED ANALYSIS OF THE NEAR-WELLBORE PERMEABILITY ALTERATION USING PRESSURE TRANSIENT DATA……Page 894
22.7 PRODUCTIVITY DECLINE CAUSED BY MUD INVASION INTO NATURALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIRS……Page 899
22.8 CONTINUOUS REAL TIME SERIES ANALYSIS FOR DETECTION AND MONITORING FORMATION DAMAGE EFFECTS……Page 902
22.9 FORMATION DAMAGE EXPERT SYSTEM……Page 907
CHAPTER 23 DETERMINATION OF FORMATION DAMAGE AND PSEUDO-DAMAGE FROM WELL PERFORMANCE-IDENTIFICATION……Page 910
23.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 911
23.2 COMPLETION DAMAGE AND FLOW EFFICIENCY……Page 912
23.3 FORMATION DAMAGE ASSESSMENT IN THE FIELD BY WELL SURVEILLANCE……Page 923
23.4 WELL-TESTING TECHNIQUES, RESERVOIR PARAMETERS, AND INTERPRETATION METHODS……Page 925
23.5 COMPONENTS OF THE TOTAL SKIN FACTOR……Page 936
23.6 VARIABLE SKIN FACTOR……Page 950
CHAPTER 24 FORMATION DAMAGE CONTROL AND REMEDIATION – CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES AND REMEDIAL TREATMENTS FOR COMMON……Page 958
24.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 959
24.2 SELECTION OF TREATMENT FLUIDS……Page 962
24.3 CLAY STABILIZATION……Page 963
24.4 CLAY AND SILT FINES……Page 969
24.5 EFFECT OF DRILLING FLUIDS ON SHALE STABILITY……Page 970
24.6 BACTERIAL DAMAGE……Page 974
24.7 INORGANIC SCALES……Page 975
24.8 ORGANIC DEPOSITS……Page 977
24.10 FORMATION DAMAGE INDUCED BY COMPLETION-FLUIDS AND CRUDE-OIL EMULSIONS……Page 980
24.13 SAND CONTROL……Page 981
24.14 WELL STIMULATION……Page 989
24.16 SANDSTONE AND CARBONATE FORMATION ACIDIZING……Page 990
24.17 WATER INJECTIVITY MANAGEMENT……Page 1002
24.18 CONTROLLING THE ADVERSE SIDE EFFECTS OF REMEDIAL TREATMENTS……Page 1003
CHAPTER 25 RESERVOIR FORMATION DAMAGE ABATEMENT – GUIDELINES, METHODOLOGY, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, AND REMEDIATION……Page 1006
25.1 INTRODUCTION……Page 1007
25.2 COMPREHENSIVE METHODOLOGY FOR MITIGATION OF FORMATION DAMAGE……Page 1010
25.3 TREATMENT FLUID APPLICATION METHODS……Page 1031
25.4 THERMAL AND HYDRAULIC COUPLING OF WELLBORE WITH RESERVOIR DURING REMEDIAL FLUID TREATMENTS ILLUSTRATED FOR……Page 1032
REFERENCES……Page 1049
INDEX……Page 1112