The properties of gases and liquids

Robert C. Reid, John M. Prausnitz, Bruce E. Poling0070517991, 9780070517998

Completely rewritten and reorganized to reflect the latest developments in estimating the properties of gases and liquids, this new edition of the highly regarded reference presents a comprehensive survey of the most reliable estimation methods in use today. It provides instantly usable information on estimating both physical and thermodynamic properties when experimental data are not available (for example, constants such as critical temperature, critical pressure, acentric factor, and others); thermodynamic properties of gases and liquids, both pure and mixtures, including enthalpies, entropies, fugacity coefficients, heat capacities, and critical points; vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid equilibria as needed in separation operations such as distillation, absorption, and extraction. An invaluable reference that provides property values for more than 600 pure chemicals, this is the only book in its field to include a critical analysis of existing methods as well as practical recommendations.

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Table of contents :
Cover ……Page 1
Title ……Page 3
Date-line ……Page 4
Contents ……Page 5
Preface ……Page 9
1-1 Introduction ……Page 11
1-2 Estimation of Properties ……Page 13
1-3 Types of Estimation ……Page 14
1-4 Organization of the Book ……Page 18
References ……Page 20
2-1 Scope ……Page 21
2-2 Critical Properties ……Page 22
2-3 Acentric Factor ……Page 33
2-4 Boiling and Freezing Points ……Page 35
Notation ……Page 36
References ……Page 37
3-2 Two-Parameter Correlations ……Page 39
3-3 Three-Parameter Correlations ……Page 43
3-5 Virial Equation ……Page 45
3-6 Cubic Equations of State ……Page 52
3-7 Generalized Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equations ……Page 57
3-8 Discussion of Equations of State ……Page 60
3-10 Estimation of the Liquid Molar Volume at the Normal Boiling Point ……Page 62
3-11 Estimation of Liquid Densities ……Page 65
References ……Page 79
4-1 Scope ……Page 84
4-2 Mixing Rules—General Discussion ……Page 85
4-3 Corresponding States: The Pseudocritical Method ……Page 86
4-4 Second Virial Coefficients for Mixtures ……Page 89
4-5 Mixing Rules for Redlich-Kwong-Type Equations of State ……Page 92
4-6 Mixing Rules for the Lee-Kesler Equation ……Page 94
4-7 Interaction Parameters—General Discussion ……Page 95
4-8 Recent Developments in Mixing Rules ……Page 97
4-9 Densities of Liquid Mixtures ……Page 99
Notation ……Page 102
References ……Page 103
5-2 Fundamental Thermodynamic Principles ……Page 105
5-3 Departure Functions ……Page 107
5-4 Evaluation of Departure Functions ……Page 111
5-6 True Critical Points of Mixtures ……Page 131
5-7 Heat Capacities of Liquids ……Page 146
5-8 Vapor Phase Fugacity of a Component in a Mixture ……Page 153
Notation ……Page 156
References ……Page 157
6-1 Scope and Definitions ……Page 160
6-2 Estimation Methods ……Page 162
6-3 Method of Joback ……Page 164
6-4 Method of Yoneda ……Page 167
6-5 Method of Thinh et al. ……Page 177
6-6 Method of Benson ……Page 183
6-7 Method of Cardozo ……Page 200
6-8 Discussion and Recommendations ……Page 201
Notation ……Page 211
References ……Page 213
7-2 Theory and Corresponding States Correlations ……Page 215
7-3 Antoine Vapor Pressure Equation ……Page 218
7-4 Gomez-Thodos Vapor Pressure Equation ……Page 219
7-5 Vapor Pressure Estimation with Two Reference Fluids ……Page 222
7-6 Correlation and Extrapolation of Vapor Pressure Data ……Page 224
7-7 Discussion of and Recommendations for Vapor Pressure Estimation and Correlation ……Page 226
7-8 Enthalpy of Vaporization of Pure Compounds ……Page 228
7-9 Estimation of $Delta H_V$ from the Law of Corresponding States ……Page 229
7-10 Estimation of $Delta H_V$ from Vapor Pressure Equations ……Page 232
7-11 $Delta H_V$ at the Normal Boiling Point ……Page 235
7-12 Variation of $Delta H_V$ with Temperature ……Page 238
7-13 Discussion and Recommendations for Enthalpy of Vaporization ……Page 240
7-14 Enthalpy of Fusion ……Page 241
7-15 Enthalpy of Sublimation; Vapor Pressures of Solids ……Page 242
Notation ……Page 246
References ……Page 248
8-1 Scope ……Page 251
8-2 Thermodynamics of Vapor-Liquid Equilibria ……Page 257
8-3 Fugacity of a Pure Liquid ……Page 259
8-4 Simplifications in the Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Relation ……Page 260
8-5 Activity Coefficients; Gibbs-Duhem Equation and Excess Gibbs Energy ……Page 261
8-6 Calculation of Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibria ……Page 269
8-7 Effect of Temperature on Vapor-Liquid Equilibria ……Page 272
8-8 Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibria: Examples ……Page 274
8-9 Multicomponent Vapor-Liquid Equilibria ……Page 283
8-10 Estimation of Activity Coefficients ……Page 293
8-11 Solubilities of Gases in Liquids ……Page 342
8-12 Vapor-Liquid Equilibria at High Pressures ……Page 347
8-13 Liquid-Liquid Equilibria ……Page 367
8-14 Phase Equilibria in Polymer Solutions ……Page 378
8-15 Solubilities of Solids in Liquids ……Page 382
8-16 Aqueous Solutions of Electrolytes ……Page 385
8-17 Concluding Remarks ……Page 390
Notation ……Page 391
References ……Page 394
9-2 Definitions of Units of Viscosity ……Page 398
9-3 Theory of Gas Transport Properties ……Page 399
9-4 Estimation of Low-Pressure Gas Viscosity ……Page 402
9-5 Viscosities of Gas Mixtures at Low Pressures ……Page 414
9-6 Effect of Pressure on the Viscosity of Pure Gases ……Page 427
9-7 Viscosity of Gas Mixtures at High Pressures ……Page 441
9-8 Liquid Viscosity ……Page 443
9-9 Effect of High Pressure on Liquid Viscosity ……Page 446
9-10 Effect of Temperature on Liquid Viscosity ……Page 449
9-11 Estimation of Low-Temperature Liquid Viscosity ……Page 466
9-12 Estimation of Liquid Viscosity at High Temperatures ……Page 481
9-13 Liquid Mixture Viscosity ……Page 483
Notation ……Page 493
References ……Page 495
10-1 Scope ……Page 501
10-2 Theory of Thermal Conductivity ……Page 502
10-3 Thermal Conductivities of Polyatomic Gases ……Page 503
10-5 Effect of Pressure on the Thermal Conductivities of Gases ……Page 524
10-6 Thermal Conductivities of Low-Pressure Gas Mixtures ……Page 540
10-7 Thermal Conductivities of Gas Mixtures at High Pressures ……Page 546
10-8 Thermal Conductivities of Liquids ……Page 554
10-9 Estimation of the Thermal Conductivities of Pure Liquids ……Page 559
10-10 Effect of Temperature on the Thermal Conductivities of Liquids ……Page 566
10-11 Effect of Pressure on the Thermal Conductivities of Liquids ……Page 567
10-12 Thermal Conductivities of Liquid Mixtures ……Page 571
Notation ……Page 580
References ……Page 582
11-2 Basic Concepts and Definitions ……Page 587
11-3 Diffusion Coefficients for Binary Gas Systems at Low Pressures: Prediction from Theory ……Page 591
11-4 Diffusion Coefficients for Binary Gas Systems at Low Pressures: Empirical Correlations ……Page 596
11-5 The Effect of Pressure on the Binary Diffusion Coefficients of Gases ……Page 599
11-7 Diffusion in Multicomponent Gas Mixtures ……Page 606
11-8 Diffusion in Liquids: Theory ……Page 607
11-9 Estimation of Binary Liquid Diffusion Coefficients at Infinite Dilution ……Page 608
11-10 Concentration Dependence of Binary Liquid Diffusion Coefficients ……Page 621
11-11 The Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Diffusion in Liquids ……Page 624
11-12 Diffusion in Multicomponent Liquid Mixtures ……Page 627
11-13 Diffusion in Electrolyte Solutions ……Page 630
Notation ……Page 634
References ……Page 636
12-2 Introduction ……Page 642
12-3 Estimation of the Surface Tension of a Pure Liquid ……Page 643
12-5 Surface Tensions of Nonaqueous Mixtures ……Page 650
12-6 Surface Tensions of Aqueous Solutions ……Page 658
Notation ……Page 662
References ……Page 663
Appendix A Property Data Bank ……Page 666
Appendix B Lennard-Jones Potentials as Determined from Viscosity Data ……Page 743
Index ……Page 745
Authors……Page 752
Back Cover……Page 753