Freddy Romm9780824755676, 0-8247-5567-7
Table of contents :
Microporous Media. Synthesis, Properties And Modeling……Page 1
Contents……Page 15
Dedication……Page 8
Preface……Page 9
B. Classification By The Characteristic Size Of Pores……Page 18
Contents……Page 0
C. Classification By The Connection To The Surface……Page 20
D. Classification By Regularity Of Randomness……Page 22
II. Micropores And Defects In Crystals……Page 24
III. Relationship Between The Synthesis Of Porous Materials And Characteristics Of Their Structures……Page 27
A. Parameters Of The Treatment Process……Page 30
B. Effect Of Exterior Treatment On The Pore Formation In Processes Of Synthesis Of Solid……Page 31
C. Influence Of The Treatment On The Homogeneity And Heterogeneity Of Porous Structure……Page 36
D. Open, Semiopen, And Closed Pores……Page 37
A. Insulation Properties……Page 39
B. Adsorption And Heterogeneous Catalysis……Page 40
C. Percolation And Permeability……Page 44
V. Energy Distribution Of Pores……Page 45
VI. Fractals In Porous Structures……Page 48
VII. Classifications Of Models Of Porosity……Page 52
VIII. Conclusions……Page 54
References……Page 55
A. Goals And Classification Of Experimental Studies Of Porosity……Page 58
B. Aging……Page 59
C. Hysteresis……Page 62
II. Classification Of Experimental Methods For Studying Pores……Page 64
III. Control And Monitoring Of Synthesis Of Microporous Material……Page 67
IV. Periodic Tests Of Samples……Page 70
V. Study Of Porous Structure After Preparation……Page 73
A. Electromagnetic Fields And Waves……Page 74
B. Electrical Measurements Of Pores……Page 77
VI. Scattering By Elementary Particles……Page 78
A. Scattering By Electrons……Page 80
B. Scattering By Neutrons……Page 81
VII. Acoustic Studies Of Porosity……Page 83
A. Adsorption–desorption……Page 88
B. Thermoporometry……Page 91
D. Combined Methods……Page 93
E. Percolation, Permeability, And Porosimetry……Page 94
F. Technique Of Percolation–permeability Studies……Page 98
G. Mercury Intrusion……Page 101
H. Combination Of Permeability To Thermal Conductivity In Structural Studies……Page 102
IX. Mechanical Tests Of Porous Solids……Page 103
X. Conclusions……Page 104
References……Page 105
I. Why Thermodynamics Is Chosen For Pore Modeling……Page 111
A. Principles Of Thermodynamics……Page 112
B. Quantum Approach……Page 114
E. Compatibility Of Approaches……Page 115
F. Equilibrium And Reversibility……Page 117
G. Measurement Of Thermodynamic Parameters In Nonequilibrium And Method Of Thermodynamic Cycles……Page 118
H. Continuous And Discrete Systems……Page 119
I. Systems With Regular And Random Fluxes……Page 120
J. Steady State And Non-steady State……Page 121
K. Methodology Of Systems With Random Fluxes……Page 122
L. The Langevin Approach……Page 123
O. Entropy In Steady-state Systems……Page 124
P. Negentropy Analysis……Page 127
A. Stages In Processes Of Micropore Formation……Page 131
B. Micropore Formation In Solid Phase Prepared Beforehand……Page 132
C. Micropore Formation Simultaneously With Synthesis Of Solid Phase……Page 138
D. Evaluation Of Pore’s Energy And Entropy……Page 141
E. Linear Stationary System……Page 143
F. Non-steady-state Formation Of Micropore……Page 144
G. Substantial And Local Considerations Of Active Carbon Synthesis By Pyrolysis……Page 150
H. Pattern Formation And False Heterogeneity……Page 152
III. Pore Thermodynamics In Linear And Branched Structures……Page 155
B. Polymerization……Page 158
C. Radical And Ionic Polymerization……Page 160
D. Irreversible Chain Polymerization Far From Equilibrium……Page 161
E. Reversible Polymerization……Page 163
G. Differential Equations For Concentrations Of Chain N-mers Close To Equilibrium……Page 164
H. Thermodynamic Functions Of Linear Macromolecules……Page 165
I. Evaluation Of Nonequilibrium Concentrations Of Chain Polymers, Using Principle Of Superposition……Page 166
J. Ring Formation In Processes Of Chain Polymerization……Page 168
L. Pore Formation In Chain Polymeric Systems……Page 169
M. Branched Polymerization……Page 171
N. Kinetic Approach……Page 174
O. Statistical Polymer Method……Page 176
P. Equilibrium Polymerization In Terms Of Statistical Polymer Method……Page 177
Q. Cross-link Formation……Page 181
R. Thermodynamic Functions Of Branched Structures……Page 185
S. Multicomponent Structures……Page 187
T. Pore Formation In Branched Polymeric Systems……Page 191
IV. Self-organization Of Microporous Structures And Fractal Formation……Page 193
A. Homogeneous Restructuring: Formation Of Random Fractals……Page 194
B. Fundamental Aspects Of Random Fractal Formation……Page 195
C. Thermodynamic Functions Of Fractals……Page 197
D. Discrete Consideration Of Fractal Formation……Page 199
E. Conjugation Of Discrete And Continuous Approaches……Page 205
F. Nucleus Formation……Page 207
V. Conclusions……Page 211
References……Page 213
A. Microporous Adsorbent From The Synthesis To The Uses……Page 216
C. Fundamental Physical Causes Of Adsorption……Page 218
E. Classification Of Adsorption Isotherms……Page 222
F. Models Of Adsorption In Equilibrium……Page 227
H. Volume-filling Micropore Theory……Page 230
I. Analysis Of Assumptions In Vfmt……Page 233
J. Theory Of Reversible Adsorption Of Simple Gases By Micropore Volume (langmuir-like Model)……Page 234
L. Thermoporometry……Page 238
M. Adsorption And Desorption In Nonequilibrium……Page 239
A. Description Of Percolation And Permeability……Page 242
B. Existing Models Of Percolation And Permeability……Page 243
A. Existing Theories Of Mechanical Properties Of Porous Solids……Page 266
B. Modeling Of Mechanical Properties Of Porous Solids, Using The Fractal Description……Page 267
C. Mechanical Properties Of Polymers……Page 271
IV. Conclusions……Page 276
References……Page 277
A. Models Assuming Shape Of Pores……Page 281
B. Casual Models: Discrete And Continuous……Page 282
D. Thermodynamic (nonequilibrium) Model……Page 283
G. Fractal Models……Page 284
I. Gibbs Energy Distribution Of Micropores……Page 287
J. Thermodynamic Potentials Of Micropores……Page 290
K. Aging And Hysteresis Of Micropores……Page 293
A. Characteristic Size Of Macromolecules: Estimation By The Statistical Polymer Method……Page 299
B. Influence Of Cross-linking On The Characteristic Size Of The Statistical Polymer……Page 302
C. Characteristic Size Of Multicomponent Statistical Polymer……Page 303
A. Random Fractals As Structures……Page 305
B. Fractal Formation By The Casual Mechanism……Page 307
C. Structural Characteristics Of Microporous Cluster Formed Randomly Under Thermodynamic Limitations……Page 308
IV. Conclusions……Page 312
References……Page 313
B. Formal Definition Of The Problem……Page 315
C. Stages Of Calculations……Page 316
E. Choice Of Theoretical Tools……Page 317
F. Input And Output……Page 318
G. Results Of Calculations……Page 319
A. Formal Definition Of Problem By User……Page 320
B. Stages Of Calculations……Page 321
C. Scientific Definition Of Calculation Problems……Page 322
D. Choice Of Theoretical Tools And Computer Programs……Page 323
F. Calculations And Results……Page 324
C. Scientific Definition Of Calculation Problems……Page 341
D. Choice Of Theoretical Tools And Computer Programs……Page 342
F. Calculations And Results……Page 343
B. Stages Of Calculations……Page 345
E. Input And Output……Page 346
F. Calculations And Results……Page 348
V. Conclusions……Page 349
A. Entity-relationship Diagram (erd)……Page 350
C. Data Structure Diagrams (dsd)……Page 351
II. Principal Problems In The Design Of New Microporous Materials……Page 352
A. Traditional Scheme Of The Elaboration Of New Microporous Materials……Page 353
B. Suggested Scheme Of The Elaboration Of New Microporous Materials……Page 355
C. Suggested Scheme Of The Elaboration Of New Programs For Simulations Of Structure And Properties Of Microporous Materials……Page 359
D. Suggested Scheme Of The Joint Elaboration Of Novel Theories, Models, Computer Programs, And Materials……Page 362
III. Registration And Protection Of Intellectual Propriety……Page 366
IV. Investments In Studies Of Microporosity……Page 370
V. Conclusions……Page 372
References……Page 373
Appendix 1: Matrix Presentation Of Cascade Of Countercurrent Reactors Of Mixing……Page 374
I. Definition Of Problem……Page 375
Ii. Solution……Page 376
I. Beginning Of Universe By Self-organization……Page 378
Ii. Beginning Of Life By Self-organization……Page 383
Iii. ‘‘big’’ Phenomena And Micropore Formation……Page 389
References……Page 390
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