Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering

James R. Pfafflin, Edward N. Ziegler9780849398438, 0849398436

Completely revised and updated, Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fifth Edition spans the entire spectrum of environmental science and engineering. Still the most comprehensive, authoritative reference available in this field, the monumental two-volume encyclopedia has expanded to include 87 articles on topics ranging from acid rain, air pollution, and community health, to environmental law, instrumentation, modeling, alternative energy, toxicology, radioactive waste, and water treatment. The articles have been extensively revised and updated, new ones have been added to cover the latest developments related to today’s environmental problems. The result is a reference work that provides the information necessary to understand, manage, and respond to threats to the human environment

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Table of contents :
COVER PAGE……Page 1
TITLE PAGE – VOLUME 1 A-L……Page 4
ISBN 0849398436……Page 5
EDITORS……Page 6
VOLUME 1……Page 10
VOLUME 2……Page 12
FOREWORD……Page 16
EDITORS’ PREFACE……Page 18
EDITORS……Page 20
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS……Page 22
LIST OF DECEASED AUTHORS……Page 25
ACID RAIN……Page 26
AEROSOLS: see also PARTICULATE EMISSIONS; PARTICULATE REMOVAL……Page 39
AEROSOLS……Page 40
AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS: see PESTICIDES……Page 53
AIR POLLUTANT EFFECTS……Page 54
AIR POLLUTION INSTRUMENTATION: see also STACK SAMPLING; REMOTE SENSING……Page 68
AIR POLLUTION INSTRUMENTATION……Page 69
AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY……Page 84
AIR POLLUTION MODELING……Page 94
AIR POLLUTION SOURCES……Page 95
AIR POLLUTION SOURCES: see ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY,……Page 137
AQUATIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION……Page 138
ATMOSPHERIC: see also AIR—various titles……Page 142
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY……Page 143
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER……Page 162
BROWNFIELDS……Page 185
COAL GASIFICATION PROCESSES……Page 191
COMMUNITY HEALTH……Page 196
COMPOSTING……Page 210
CONSERVATION: see ENERGY SOURCES—ALTERNATIVES……Page 218
DESALINATION……Page 219
DESULFURIZATION: see FOSSIL FUEL CLEANING PROCESSES; VAPOR AND GASEOUS POLLUTANT CONTROL FUNDAMENTALS……Page 248
DISINFECTION……Page 249
DRAINAGE-SURFACE: see URBAN RUNOFF……Page 268
ECOLOGY OF PLANTS……Page 269
ECOLOGY OF PRIMARY TERRESTRIAL CONSUMERS……Page 278
ECOLOGY RADIATION: see RADIATION ECOLOGY……Page 284
ECOSYSTEM THEORY……Page 285
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS: see AIR POLLUTANT EFFECTS……Page 295
EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS……Page 296
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATION……Page 307
ENERGY SOURCES—ALTERNATIVES……Page 320
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS AND RELATED IMPACTS……Page 350
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION……Page 358
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH……Page 359
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW……Page 386
EPIDEMIOLOGY……Page 393
EUTROPHICATION……Page 414
FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION……Page 427
FISH ECOLOGY: see POLLUTION EFFECTS ON FISH; THERMAL EFFECTS ON FISH ECOLOGY……Page 435
FOSSIL FUEL CLEANING PROCESSES……Page 436
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS……Page 450
GREENHOUSE GASES EFFECTS……Page 452
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES……Page 464
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT……Page 475
HAZARDOUS WASTES……Page 484
HYDROLOGY……Page 490
HEALTH PHYSICS: see MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES; INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ENGINEERING; RADIATION ECOLOGY……Page 514
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION……Page 515
INCINERATION: see MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE……Page 526
INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY……Page 527
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ENGINEERING……Page 537
INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT……Page 551
INSTRUMENTATION: WATER AND WASTEWATER ANALYSIS……Page 563
LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT……Page 615
LEGAL ASPECTS: see also ENVIRONMENTAL LAW……Page 632
LIMNOLOGY……Page 633
TITLE PAGE – VOLUME 2 M-Z……Page 651
MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES……Page 652
MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE……Page 667
MARINE SPILLAGE—SOURCES AND HAZARDS……Page 693
MICROBIOLOGY……Page 709
MINE DRAINAGE: see POLLUTION FROM MINE DRAINAGE……Page 725
MOBILE SOURCE POLLUTION……Page 726
MODELING OF ESTUARINE WATER QUALITY……Page 739
MONITORING OF STACK EFFLUENTS: see STACK SAMPLING……Page 751
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER……Page 752
MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY: see WATER TREATMENT……Page 761
NATURAL SYSTEMS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT……Page 762
NITROGEN OXIDES REDUCTION……Page 771
NOISE……Page 794
NON-IONIZING RADIATIONS……Page 804
OCEANOGRAPHY……Page 815
OIL SPILLAGE INTO WATER—TREATMENT……Page 827
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS……Page 842
PARTICULATE REMOVAL……Page 857
PCBs AND ASSOCIATED AROMATICS……Page 870
PESTICIDES……Page 981
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WASTEWATERS……Page 997
PLANNING……Page 1015
PLANNING FOR NEW PROCESSES: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS……Page 1017
PLANNING WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECTS IN DEVELOPING NATIONS……Page 1028
POLLUTION EFFECTS ON FISH……Page 1035
POLLUTION FROM MINE DRAINAGE……Page 1041
PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT: see ENVIRONMENTAL LAW……Page 1046
PREVENTION OF TOXIC CHEMICAL RELEASE……Page 1047
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MAN’S ENVIRONMENT……Page 1053
PUBLIC HEALTH: see COMMUNITY HEALTH; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH……Page 1065
RADIATION ECOLOGY……Page 1066
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT: see MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE……Page 1071
RADON……Page 1072
RECYCLING WASTE MATERIALS……Page 1083
REMOTE SENSING……Page 1086
SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND EROSION……Page 1089
SOURCES OF POLLUTANTS: see AIR POLLUTION SOURCES……Page 1106
SMALL FLOW WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR DOMESTIC AND SPECIAL APPLICATIONS……Page 1107
STACK SAMPLING……Page 1119
STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE……Page 1148
THE TERRESTRIAL SYSTEM……Page 1162
TEACHING OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES: see ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION……Page 1170
THERMAL EFFECTS ON FISH ECOLOGY……Page 1171
TOXIC EFFECTS: see AIR POLLUTANT EFFECTS; EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS……Page 1176
TOXICOLOGY……Page 1177
URBAN AIR POLLUTION MODELING……Page 1188
URBAN RUNOFF……Page 1205
VAPOR AND GASEOUS POLLUTANT FUNDAMENTALS……Page 1236
VAPOR AND GASEOUS POLLUTANT FUNDAMENTALS: see Nitrogen Oxides Reduction……Page 1266
WATER AND WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN SPACE……Page 1267
WATER CHEMISTRY……Page 1281
WATER—DESALTING: see DESALINATION……Page 1299
WATER FLOW……Page 1300
WATER: PROPERTIES, STRUCTURE, AND OCCURRENCE IN NATURE……Page 1314
WATER REUSE……Page 1332
WATER TREATMENT……Page 1336
WATER TRANSPORT: see HYDROLOGY; WATER FLOW……Page 1353
Table 1: Conversion factors……Page 1354
Table 2: Viscosity and density of water calculated from international critical tables, 1928 and 1929……Page 1357
Table 4: Saturation values of dissolved oxygen in fresh- and seawater exposed to an atmosphere containing 20.9% oxygen under a pressure of 760 mm of mercury……Page 1358
Table 5: Standard atmosphere……Page 1359
Table 6: Dynamic viscosity of gases in absolute CGS units……Page 1360
Table 7: Kinematic viscosity of gases in stokes……Page 1361
Table 8: Densities of gases at standard conditions (0C, 1 atm)……Page 1362
Table 9: CP/CV: Ratios of specific heats of gases at 1 atm pressure……Page 1363
Table 10: Fuel-oil grades……Page 1364
Table 11: The Nordwijk Declaration on Climate Change (Nov. 6, 1989)……Page 1365
Table 12: Excerpts from the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change……Page 1370
A……Page 1378
C……Page 1379
D……Page 1381
E……Page 1382
G……Page 1384
H……Page 1385
I……Page 1386
L……Page 1387
M……Page 1388
N……Page 1389
P……Page 1391
R……Page 1393
S……Page 1394
T……Page 1395
U……Page 1396
W……Page 1397
X,Y,Z……Page 1398
B……Page 1400
D……Page 1401
F……Page 1402
I……Page 1403
L,M……Page 1404
N,O……Page 1405
R……Page 1406
S……Page 1407
X,Y,Z……Page 1408