Holographic Imaging

Stephen A. Benton, V. Michael Bove Jr.047006806X, 9780470068069

The only all-inclusive treatment of holography—from fundamental principles to the most advanced conceptsWhile several existing texts cover different aspects of the field of holography, none provides a complete, up-to-date, and accessible view of its popular, scientific, and engineering aspects. Now, from an author team that includes one of the world’s pioneers in the field, Holographic Imaging fills this need with a single, comprehensive text that covers the subject from traditional holography to the cutting-edge development of the world’s most advanced three-dimensional holographic images, holographic printing, and holographic video.Written in an engaging and easy-to-follow style, Holographic Imaging promotes a hands-on approach to making holograms and provides readers with a working understanding of how and why they work. Following a brief introduction to the fundamentals of light and diffraction, coverage includes: the diffraction efficiency of gratings, ”platonic” holography, a ray-tracing analysis of holography, holographic lenses and in-line ”Gabor” holography, off-axis ”Leith & Upatnieks” holography, non-laser illumination of holograms, phase conjunction and real image projection, full-aperture transfer holography, white-light transmission ”rainbow” holography, practical issues in rainbow holography, in-line ”Denisyuk” reflection holography, off-axis reflection holography, edge-lit holography, computational display holography, holographic printing, and holographic television.Helpful diagrams and equations that summarize the mathematical and physical principles for each technique discussed make this an approachable resource for readers from a variety of backgrounds, including undergraduate and postgraduate students with an interest in optics, optoelectronics, and information display, as well as researchers, scientists, engineers, and technology-savvy artists.

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Table of contents :
Holographic Imaging……Page 5
Contents……Page 9
Foreword: Holography……Page 15
Foreword: Nerd Pride……Page 17
Guide to Color Plates……Page 21
About This Volume……Page 27
The Window View Upon Reality……Page 28
References……Page 29
Provoking Spatial Perceptions……Page 31
Capturing the Directions of Rays……Page 32
Holographic Direction Recording……Page 34
Origins of Holography……Page 35
Application Areas……Page 36
References……Page 38
Wave Shapes……Page 41
Light as Repetitive Waves……Page 44
Light as Sinusoidal Waves……Page 45
Coherence in Waves……Page 46
Intensity (Irradiance)……Page 49
Conclusions……Page 51
References……Page 52
Wave Phase……Page 53
Local Inclination and Divergence of a Complex Wave……Page 57
Conclusions……Page 58
Introduction……Page 59
Quantitative Discussion of Interference Contrast……Page 61
Geometry of Interference Fringes……Page 65
Simple Interference Patterns……Page 67
References……Page 70
Introduction……Page 71
Single-Slit Diffraction……Page 72
Viewing Diffraction Patterns with the Eye……Page 73
Styles of Diffraction Analysis……Page 74
Spatial Frequency……Page 77
Diffraction by a Sinusoidal Grating……Page 78
Conclusions……Page 80
References……Page 81
Definition of Diffraction Efficiency……Page 83
Transmission Patterns……Page 84
References……Page 88
Reference Beam……Page 91
Holographic Recording Material……Page 92
Holographic Transmittance Pattern……Page 94
Illuminating Beam……Page 95
A Proof of Holography……Page 96
Other Reconstructed Components……Page 97
Arbitrary Wavefronts……Page 98
Diffraction Efficiency……Page 99
References……Page 100
Introduction……Page 101
Mathematical Ray-Tracing……Page 102
Numerical Example……Page 103
Comparison of Paraxial Hologram and Lens Optics……Page 108
Three-Dimensional Ray-Tracing……Page 111
References……Page 112
Transition to Wavefront Curvature……Page 113
Phase Footprints, Again……Page 114
In-Line Interference, Again……Page 115
Transmittance Proof of the Focus Equation……Page 116
In-Line (Gabor) Holograms……Page 117
Conclusions……Page 126
Implications of Off-Axis Holography……Page 129
Interference and Diffraction in Off-Axis Holograms……Page 131
Models for Off-Axis Holograms……Page 135
Image Magnification……Page 136
Intermodulation Noise……Page 138
References……Page 139
Problems with Laser Illumination……Page 141
Sources of Image Blur……Page 143
Narrow-Band Illumination……Page 146
Point-Source White Illumination……Page 147
Image Depth Effects……Page 148
Other Approaches……Page 149
References……Page 150
Real Image Projection Techniques……Page 151
Phase Conjugation– a Descriptive Approach……Page 152
Collimator Choices……Page 154
Effects of Imperfect Conjugates……Page 157
Image Location (Analytical)……Page 158
Image Magnification……Page 159
Image Aberrations — Astigmatism……Page 160
References……Page 161
Full-Aperture Transfers……Page 171
Holo-Centric Coordinate System……Page 172
Example……Page 173
Separate Optimization of the H1 and H2……Page 174
Another Point of View: H1 as Multi-Perspective Projector……Page 175
View-Zone Edge Effects……Page 177
References……Page 178
A Revolution in Holography……Page 179
Overview of the Process……Page 180
Backwards Analysis……Page 184
Limitations Due to Horizontal-Parallax-Only Imaging……Page 189
References……Page 191
Multi-Color Rainbow Holograms……Page 193
Multiple-Reference-Beam Holograms……Page 196
Multiple-Object-Beam Holograms……Page 198
Comparison of the Multi-Color Methods……Page 199
Slit-Illumination Beam Forming……Page 201
Embossed Holograms……Page 202
Shrinkage Compensation……Page 204
Conclusions……Page 205
References……Page 206
Introduction……Page 207
Optics of In-Line Reflection Holograms: Distances……Page 208
Emulsion Swelling Effects……Page 209
Diffraction Efficiency of Reflection Holograms……Page 210
Spectrum Width……Page 212
Conclusions……Page 213
References……Page 214
Qualitative Comparison of Transmission and Reflection Holograms……Page 215
Deconstructing Reflection Holograms……Page 216
Mathematical Modeling of Reflection Holograms……Page 217
Understanding Fringe Geometry……Page 219
Changes to the Emulsion……Page 221
Modeling Filter Bandwidth……Page 223
“Cos-Theta” Equation……Page 224
Conclusions……Page 225
References……Page 226
Introduction……Page 227
Recording Geometries……Page 228
A Practical Issue with Steep Reference Angle Recording……Page 231
Characteristics of Recording Within the Inaccessible Zone……Page 233
Conclusions……Page 239
References……Page 240
Introduction……Page 241
Fourier and Fresnel Holograms……Page 242
Computing Fourier Holograms……Page 243
Full Parallax and Horizontal-Parallax-Only Holograms……Page 245
Physically Based Interference Modeling……Page 246
Computer Generated Stereogram Modeling……Page 251
Diffraction-Specific Modeling: a Hybrid Technique……Page 256
A Related Hybrid Technique: Reconfigurable Image Projection (RIP) Holograms……Page 258
References……Page 262
Holographic Stereograms……Page 267
One-Step Approaches……Page 269
Holographic Printing……Page 271
References……Page 279
Space-Bandwidth Product……Page 281
Scophony-Style Displays and Scanning……Page 283
Tiling and the QinetiQ Display……Page 287
Electronic Capture……Page 288
References……Page 289
Index……Page 293