Sir Charles Oatley and the Scanning Electron Microscope

Bernard C. Breton, Dennis McMullan, and Kenneth C.A. Smith (Eds.)978-0-12-014775-5

The four surveys contained in this volume illustrate widely diverse aspects of imaging and electron physics. The first two chapters address applications of electron microscopy, including the role of this technique in mineralogy and a study of the high- resolution electron microscopy of quasicrystals. The latter is actually a short monograph presenting the underlying crystallography and explaining in detail how the corresponding images and diffraction patterns should be interpreted. The third contribution is an account of a new approach to deconvolution in image processing in which the author, by associating a polynomial with the gray-level values of (discrete) images, shows that it is possible to invert the convolutional relation that describes many kinds of image formation. The volume ends with a detailed discussion of the dual de Broglie wave, including a critical account of new developments in the debate over the existence and role of such a wave.

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Table of contents :
Content:
Editor-in-Chief
Page ii

Contributors
Pages xi-xiii

Preface
Page xv

Foreword
Pages xvii-xviii

Congress and other abbreviations
Pages xix-xx

Acknowledgments
Pages xxi-xxii

Future Contributions
Pages xxiii-xxvi

1.1 Charles Oatley: Father of Modern Scanning Electron Microscopy Original Research Article
Pages 3-6
K.C.A. Smith, D. McMullan

1.2 The Early History of the Scanning Electron Microscope Original Research Article
Pages 7-34
C.W. Oatley

2.1A The Development of the First Cambridge Scanning Electron Microscope, 1948–1953 Original Research Article
Pages 37-57
D. Mcmullan

2.1B An Improved Scanning Electron Microscope for Opaque Specimens Original Research Article
Pages 59-91
D. Mcmullan

2.2A Exploring the Potential of the Scanning Electron Microscope Original Research Article
Pages 93-109
K.C.A. Smith

2.2B The Scanning Electron Microscope and its Fields of Application Original Research Article
Pages 111-125
K.C.A. Smith, C.W. Oatley

2.3 Building a Scanning Electron Microscope Original Research Article
Pages 127-136
O.C. Wells

2.4A Contrast Formation in the Scanning Electron Microscope Original Research Article
Pages 137-145
T.E. Everhart

2.4B Wide-Band Detector for Micro-microampere Low-Energy Electron Currents Original Research Article
Pages 147-152
T.E. Everhart, R.F.M. Thornley

2.5 A Simple Scanning Electron Microscope Original Research Article
Pages 153-158
P.J. Spreadbury

2.6 New Applications of the Scanning Electron Microscope Original Research Article
Pages 159-164
R.F.M. Thornley

2.7A A. D. G. Stewart and an Early Biological Application of the Scanning Electron Microscope Original Research Article
Pages 165-173
A. Boyde

2.7B Investigation of the Topography of Ion Bombarded Surfaces with a Scanning Electron Microscope Original Research Article
Pages 175-178
A.D.G. Stewart

2.8 The Scanning Electron Microscopy of Hot and Electron-Emitting Specimens Original Research Article
Pages 179-185
H. Ahmed

2.9A Towards Higher-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy Original Research Article
Pages 187-193
R.F.W. Pease

2.9B High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy Original Research Article
Pages 195-205
R.F.W. Pease, W.C. Nixon

2.10 The Application of the Scanning Electron Microscope to Microfabrication and Nanofabrication Original Research Article
Pages 207-226
A.N. Broers

2.11 Scanning Electron Diffraction: A Survey of the Work of C. W. B. Grigson Original Research Article
Pages 227-233
D. McMullan

3.1 The Development of the X-ray Projection Microscope and the X-ray Microprobe Analyser at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, 1946–60 Original Research Article
Pages 237-250
V.E. Cosslett

3.2A The Contributions of W. C. Nixon and J. V. P. Long to X-ray Microscopy and Microanalysis: Introduction Original Research Article
Pages 251-252
P. Duncumb

3.2B X-Ray Projection Microscopy Original Research Article
Pages 253-257
W.C. Nixon

3.2C Microanalysis Original Research Article
Pages 259-267
J.V.P. Long

3.3A Development of the Scanning Electron Probe Microanalyser, 1953–1965 Original Research Article
Pages 269-283
P. Duncumb

3.3B Micro-Analysis by a Flying-Spot X-Ray Method Original Research Article
Pages 285-287
V.E. Cosslett, P. Duncumb

3.4 Tube Investments Research Laboratories and the Scanning Electron Probe Microanalyser Original Research Article
Pages 289-308
D.A. Melford

4.1A Commercial Exploitation of Research Initiated by Sir Charles Oatley Original Research Article
Pages 311-315
K.C.A. Smith

4.1B AEI Electron Microscopes—Background to the Development of a Commercial Scanning Electron Microscope Original Research Article
Pages 317-320
A.W. Agar

4.2A Microscan to Stereoscan at the Cambridge Instrument Company Original Research Article
Pages 321-334
M.A. Snelling

4.2B A New Scanning Electron Microscope Original Research Article
Pages 335-337
A.D.G. Stewart, M.A. Snelling

4.3 Memories of the Scanning Electron Microscope at the Cambridge Instrument Company Original Research Article
Pages 339-358
D.J. Unwin

4.4 From Microscopy to Lithography Original Research Article
Pages 359-386
B.A. Wallman

4.5 Commercial Electron Beam Lithography in Cambridge, 1973–1999: A View from the Drawing Board Original Research Article
Pages 387-412
J.M. Sturrock

5.1 Charles Oatley: The Later Years Original Research Article
Pages 415-418
The Editors

5.2 The Detective Quantum Efficiency of the Scintillator⧸Photomultiplier in the Scanning Electron Microscope Original Research Article
Pages 419-436
C.W. Oatley

5.3 Professor Oatley Remembered Original Research Article
Pages 437-443
E. Munro

5.4 Recollections of Professor Oatley’s Reincarnation as a Research Student Original Research Article
Pages 445-448
G. Owen

5.5 My Life with the Stereoscan Original Research Article
Pages 449-465
B.C. Breton

5.6 Research at the Cambridge University Engineering Department Post-Stereoscan Original Research Article
Pages 467-468
K.C.A. Smith

5.7 The Development of Biological Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis Original Research Article
Pages 469-484
P. Echlin

5.8 From the Scanning Electron Microscope to Nanolithography Original Research Article
Pages 485-498
J.R.A. Cleaver

Appendix ISIR CHARLES WILLIAM OATLEY, O.B.E: 14 February 1904–11 March 1996 Elected F.R.S. 1969 Original Research Article
Pages 501-521
K.C.A. Smith

Appendix II A History of the Scanning Electron Microscope, 1928–1965 Original Research Article
Pages 523-545
D. Mcmullan

Appendix III The Cambridge Instrument Company and Electron-Optical Innovation Original Research Article
Pages 547-555
Paul Jervis

Index
Pages 557-576