Environmental Chemistry – Green Chemistry and Pollutants

Eric Lichtfouse, Jan Schwarzbauer, Didier Robert9783540228608, 3-540-22860-8

Environmental chemistry is a new, fast developing science aimed at deciphering fundamental mechanisms ruling the behaviour of pollutants in ecosystems. Applying this knowledge to current environmental issues leads to the remediation of environmental media, and to new, low energy, low emission, sustainable processes. This book describes the state-of-the-art advances regarding the pollution of water, soils, atmosphere, food and living organisms by toxic metals, fossil fuels, pesticides and other organic pollutants. Furthermore, the eco-toxicology section presents novel bio-assays to assess the toxicity of various pollutants such as dioxins and endocrine disrupters within complex media. The green chemistry section highlights novel chemical reactions based upon environmentally friendly conditions. The analytical chemistry section describes very sensitive methods which trace the fate of pollutants in complex ecosystems.

---

Table of contents :
Cover Page……Page 1
Title Page……Page 4
ISBN 3540228608 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York……Page 5
Preface……Page 6
Part II Toxic Metals……Page 7
Part IV Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds……Page 8
Part VII Ecotoxicology……Page 9
Index……Page 10
Contributors……Page 11
Part I Analytical Chemistry……Page 27
Introduction……Page 29
Experimental……Page 30
Results and Discussion……Page 32
References……Page 36
Introduction……Page 39
Experimental……Page 40
Results and Discussion……Page 41
References……Page 44
Introduction……Page 45
Theory……Page 47
Practical Considerations……Page 48
Experimental Studies on Adsorbents and Heterogeneous Catalysts……Page 50
References……Page 55
Introduction……Page 57
Experimental……Page 58
Results and Discussion……Page 61
References……Page 66
Introduction……Page 69
Study Area……Page 70
Methodology……Page 72
Results and Discussion……Page 73
Conclusions……Page 81
References……Page 82
Introduction……Page 83
Experimental……Page 84
Results and Discussion……Page 85
Conclusion……Page 89
References……Page 90
Introduction……Page 91
Experimental……Page 92
Results and Discussion……Page 94
References……Page 98
Introduction……Page 101
Experimental……Page 102
Results and Discussion……Page 106
References……Page 112
Introduction……Page 115
Materials and Methods……Page 116
Results and Discussion……Page 118
Conclusion……Page 122
References……Page 123
Introduction……Page 125
Experimental……Page 126
Results and Discussion……Page 129
Conclusion……Page 131
References……Page 132
Introduction……Page 133
Experimental……Page 135
Results and Discussion……Page 136
References……Page 142
Part II Toxic Metals……Page 145
Introduction……Page 147
Methodology……Page 149
Results and Discussion……Page 150
Conclusions……Page 156
References……Page 157
Introduction……Page 159
Experimental……Page 161
Results and Discussion……Page 163
References……Page 168
Introduction……Page 171
Experimental……Page 173
Results and Discussion……Page 174
References……Page 176
Introduction……Page 179
Experimental……Page 181
Results and Discussion……Page 184
Conclusions……Page 199
References……Page 200
Introduction……Page 203
Experimental……Page 204
Results and Discussion……Page 208
Conclusions……Page 210
References……Page 211
Introduction……Page 213
Experimental……Page 214
Results and Discussion……Page 217
References……Page 221
Introduction……Page 223
Materials and Methods……Page 225
Results and Discussion……Page 226
Acknowledgements……Page 229
References……Page 230
Introduction……Page 231
Experimental……Page 233
Results and Discussion……Page 234
Conclusion……Page 238
References……Page 239
Introduction……Page 241
Experimental……Page 242
Results and Discussion……Page 244
References……Page 247
Introduction……Page 249
History of Electrochemical Soil Remediation Methods……Page 250
Electrodialytic Remediation……Page 251
Conclusions……Page 257
References……Page 258
Introduction……Page 261
Electrodialytic Remediation……Page 263
Experimental……Page 264
Results and Discussion……Page 265
References……Page 267
Introduction……Page 269
Experimental……Page 271
Results and Discussion……Page 272
References……Page 275
Introduction……Page 277
Experimental……Page 278
Results and Discussion……Page 279
References……Page 283
Introduction……Page 285
Results and Discussion……Page 286
Conclusions……Page 290
References……Page 291
Part III Organic Pollutants……Page 293
Introduction……Page 295
General……Page 296
Bioremediation……Page 305
Conclusions……Page 309
References……Page 310
Introduction……Page 315
Experimental……Page 316
Results and Discussion……Page 317
Conclusion……Page 319
References……Page 320
Introduction……Page 321
Experimental……Page 322
Results and Discussion……Page 324
References……Page 329
Introduction……Page 331
Experimental……Page 332
Results and Discussion……Page 335
References……Page 341
Review on Trichloroethene Biodegradation……Page 343
Experimental……Page 345
Results and Discussion……Page 349
Conclusions……Page 353
References……Page 354
Introduction……Page 355
Material and Methods……Page 358
Results……Page 363
Discussion……Page 372
Summary……Page 374
References……Page 375
Materials and Method……Page 379
Results and Discussion……Page 381
References……Page 384
Introduction……Page 387
Origin of Halogenated By-Products and Strategies to Reduce these Undesirable Compounds……Page 388
Industrial Experience to Control Halogenated By-Products……Page 392
Conclusions……Page 395
References……Page 396
Introduction……Page 397
Experimental……Page 399
Results and Discussion……Page 401
Conclusion……Page 406
References……Page 407
Introduction……Page 409
General Reactive Transport Model of Multiple Chemicals……Page 410
Application to Toluene Chemistry in Urban Areas……Page 412
Acknowledgements……Page 415
References……Page 416
Part IV Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds……Page 417
Introduction……Page 419
Experimental……Page 423
Results and Discussion……Page 426
Conclusions……Page 431
References……Page 432
Introduction……Page 435
Experimental……Page 436
Results and Discussion……Page 438
References……Page 442
Introduction……Page 445
PAHs Exposure of the Dairy Ruminant……Page 446
Bioavailability of PAHs and Dioxins……Page 450
References……Page 454
Introduction……Page 457
Experimental……Page 459
Results and Discussion……Page 461
Acknowledgment……Page 465
References……Page 466
Introduction……Page 467
Experimental……Page 468
Results and Discussion……Page 469
Acknowledgements……Page 473
References……Page 474
Introduction……Page 475
Experimental……Page 476
Results and Discussion……Page 478
References……Page 484
Part V Pesticides……Page 487
Introduction……Page 489
Experimental……Page 491
Results and Discussion……Page 492
References……Page 496
Introduction……Page 499
Experimental……Page 500
Results and Discussion……Page 502
References……Page 507
Introduction……Page 509
Experimental……Page 511
Results and Discussion……Page 514
Conclusion……Page 517
References……Page 518
Introduction……Page 521
Experimental……Page 522
Results and Discussion……Page 524
Acknowledgement……Page 529
References……Page 530
Introduction……Page 531
Experimental……Page 533
Results and Discussion……Page 535
References……Page 540
Introduction……Page 543
Experimental……Page 545
Results and Discussion……Page 547
References……Page 552
Introduction……Page 555
Experimental……Page 556
Results……Page 557
References……Page 561
Appendix……Page 562
Part VI Green Chemistry……Page 565
Introduction……Page 567
Experimental……Page 570
Results and Discussion……Page 572
Conclusion……Page 576
References……Page 577
Introduction……Page 579
Experimental……Page 581
Results and Discussion……Page 583
Acknowledgements……Page 584
References……Page 585
Introduction……Page 587
Experimental……Page 588
Results and Discussion……Page 590
References……Page 593
Introduction……Page 595
Review……Page 596
Experimental……Page 599
Results and Discussion……Page 601
References……Page 608
Introduction……Page 611
Strategies and Activities of MDPI……Page 612
Conclusion……Page 615
References……Page 616
Introduction……Page 617
Experimental……Page 618
Results and Discussion……Page 620
References……Page 625
Introduction……Page 627
Three Step Catalytic Depollution Process……Page 628
Experimental……Page 630
Results and Discussion……Page 631
References……Page 638
Introduction……Page 641
Experimental……Page 642
Results and Discussion……Page 643
Conclusion……Page 645
References……Page 646
Introduction……Page 647
Results and Discussion……Page 650
Conclusions……Page 652
Acknowledgements……Page 653
References……Page 654
Part VII Ecotoxicology……Page 655
Introduction……Page 657
Plant Enzymes Involved in Production of Reactive Oxygen Species……Page 659
NADPH Oxidase……Page 660
Targets and Action of Trivalent Cations……Page 661
Profiles of Zn2+ and Mn2+ Actions……Page 662
Role of Zn2+……Page 663
Conclusion……Page 664
References……Page 665
Introduction……Page 671
Experimental……Page 675
Results and Discussion……Page 678
Acknowledgements……Page 683
References……Page 684
Introduction……Page 685
Experimental……Page 687
Results and Discussion……Page 689
Acknowledgements……Page 695
References……Page 696
Introduction……Page 699
Experimental……Page 700
Results and Discussion……Page 701
References……Page 706
Introduction……Page 707
Experimental……Page 708
Results and Discussion……Page 709
References……Page 715
Introduction……Page 717
Experimental……Page 718
Results and Discussion……Page 720
Acknowledgement……Page 723
References……Page 724
Introduction……Page 725
Experimental……Page 726
Results and Discussion……Page 728
Conclusion……Page 730
References……Page 731
Introduction……Page 733
Experimental……Page 735
Results and Discussion……Page 737
Conclusion……Page 749
References……Page 750
Introduction……Page 751
Experimental……Page 753
Results and Discussion……Page 754
References……Page 759
Introduction……Page 761
Experimental……Page 763
Results and Discussion……Page 764
Conclusions……Page 766
References……Page 767
Introduction……Page 769
Experimental……Page 772
Results and Discussion……Page 775
References……Page 780
Introduction……Page 783
Experimental……Page 785
Results and Discussion……Page 788
References……Page 792
Index……Page 795