Nishina Memorial Foundation (auth.)4431770550, 9784431770558
Yoshio Nishina, referred to in Japan as the Father of Modern Physics, is well known for his theoretical work on the Klein–Nishina formula, which was done with Oskar Klein in the 6 years he spent in Copenhagen under Niels Bohr during the great era of the development of quantum physics. As described by Professor Ryogo Kubo in Chap. 2 of this volume, Nishina returned to Tokyo in 1929, and started to build up experimental and theoretical groups at RIKEN. His achievements there were many and great: (1) Encouraging Hideki Yukawa and Sin-itiro Tomonaga to tackle a new frontier of physics, leading eventually to their making breakthroughs in fundamental theoretical physics that won them Nobel prizes; (2) the discovery of “mesotrons” (the name for Yukawa particles at that time, now called muons) in 1937, which was published in Phys. Rev. , parallel to two American groups; (3) construction of small and large cyclotrons and subsequent discoveries of an important radioisotope 237 U and of symmetric ?ssion phenomena by fast neutron irradiation of uranium (1939 – 40), published in Phys. Rev. and Nature; and (4) creation of a new style of research institute, open to external reseachers, an idea inherited from Copenhagen. During World-War-II his laboratory was severely damaged, and also his cyclotrons were destroyed and thrown into Tokyo Bay right after the end of the war. |
Table of contents :
Front Matter….Pages I-XIV
Abstraction in Modern Science….Pages 1-16
Yoshio Nishina, the Pioneer of Modern Physics in Japan….Pages 17-26
Tomonaga Sin-Itiro : A Memorial – Two Shakers of Physics….Pages 27-42
The Discovery of the Parity Violation in Weak Interactions and Its Recent Developments….Pages 43-70
Origins of Life….Pages 71-98
The Computing Machines in the Future….Pages 99-114
Niels Bohr and the Development of Concepts in Nuclear Physics….Pages 115-136
From X-Ray to Electron Spectroscopy….Pages 137-228
Theoretical Paradigms for the Sciences of Complexity….Pages 229-234
Some Ideas on the Aesthetics of Science….Pages 235-244
Particle Physics and Cosmology: New Aspects of an Old Relationship….Pages 245-260
The Experimental Discovery of CP Violation….Pages 261-280
The Nanometer Age: Challenge and Change….Pages 281-296
From Rice to Snow….Pages 297-318
SCIENCE—A Round Peg in a Square World….Pages 319-348
Are We Really Made of Quarks?….Pages 349-370
Very Elementary Particle Physics….Pages 371-392
The Klein-Nishina Formula&Quantum Electrodynamics….Pages 393-398
Back Matter….Pages 399-402 |
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