At War’s End: Building Peace after Civil Conflict

Roland Paris0521834120, 9780521834124

Exploring the challenge of rehabilitating countries after civil wars, this study finds that attempting to transform war-shattered states into liberal democracies with market economies can backfire badly. Roland Paris contends that the rapid introduction of democracy and capitalism in the absence of effective institutions can increase rather than decrease the danger of renewed fighting. A more effective approach to post-conflict peacebuilding would be to introduce political and economic reform in a gradual and controlled manner.

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Table of contents :
COVER……Page 1
HALF-TITLE……Page 3
TITLE……Page 5
COPYRIGHT……Page 6
DEDICATION……Page 7
CONTENTS……Page 9
FIGURES……Page 10
PREFACE……Page 11
INTRODUCTION……Page 15
The Argument of This Book……Page 19
Bridging Theory and Practice……Page 22
Organization of the Book……Page 23
PART I FOUNDATIONS……Page 25
The Cold War’s End and the Rise of Peacebuilding……Page 27
United Nations……Page 36
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe……Page 39
European Union……Page 40
North Atlantic Treaty Organization……Page 41
Organization of American States……Page 42
Bretton Woods Institutions……Page 43
National Development Agencies……Page 45
International Nongovernmental Organizations……Page 46
Liberalization as an All-Purpose Elixir……Page 49
The Terminology of Peace Operations……Page 52
2 The Liberal Peace Thesis……Page 54
Unanswered Questions……Page 57
The Disappearing Leviathan……Page 60
PART II THE PEACEBUILDING RECORD……Page 67
3 Introduction to the Case Studies……Page 69
Case Study Guidelines……Page 72
Case Selection……Page 74
Angola……Page 77
Rwanda……Page 83
Conclusion……Page 92
Cambodia……Page 93
Liberia……Page 104
Conclusion……Page 110
Bosnia……Page 111
Croatia……Page 121
Conclusion……Page 124
7 Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala……Page 126
Nicaragua……Page 128
El Salvador……Page 136
Guatemala……Page 142
Conclusion……Page 147
Namibia……Page 149
Mozambique……Page 155
Conclusion……Page 161
PART III PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS……Page 163
9 The Limits of Wilsonianism……Page 165
Learning from the Case Studies……Page 166
The Paradoxical Logic of Market Democracy: Peace Through Conflict……Page 170
The Pathologies of Liberalization……Page 173
Bad Civil Society……Page 174
Ethnic Entrepreneurs……Page 175
Elections as Focal Points for Harmful Competition……Page 177
Saboteurs and Failed Transitions……Page 178
The Dangers of Economic Liberalization……Page 180
Intense Societal Conflicts……Page 182
Weak Conflict Dampeners……Page 183
Ineffective Political Institutions……Page 187
The Faulty Assumptions of Wilsonianism……Page 189
Alternatives to Wilsonianism……Page 193
Rethinking the Wilsonian Approach to Peacebuilding……Page 199
Institutionalization Before Liberalization……Page 201
Wait Until Conditions Are Ripe for Elections……Page 202
Design Electoral Systems That Reward Moderation……Page 205
Promote Good Civil Society……Page 208
Control Hate Speech……Page 210
Adopt Conflict-Reducing Economic Policies……Page 213
The Common Denominator: Rebuild Effective State Institutions……Page 219
Possible Criticisms of IBL……Page 221
The Endless-Mission Critique……Page 222
The Culture-of-Dependency Critique……Page 223
The Excessive-Costs Critique……Page 224
Conclusion……Page 225
11 Lessons Learned and Not Learned……Page 226
Kosovo……Page 227
East Timor……Page 232
Sierra Leone……Page 236
Backsliding in Afghanistan……Page 239
The Challenges Ahead……Page 241
Better Coordination of Peacebuilding Agencies……Page 242
The Requirement of Political Support……Page 246
Conclusion……Page 247
Conclusion……Page 249
BIBLIOGRAPHY……Page 251
INDEX……Page 295