Earthquake Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations in the Earth’s Interior

Roman Teisseyre and Eugeniusz Majewski (Eds.)9780126851854, 0126851859

A group of distinguished scientists contributes to the foundations of a new discipline in Earth sciences: earthquake thermodynamics and thermodynamics of formation of the Earth’s interior structures. The predictive powers of thermodynamics are so great that those aspiring to model earthquake and the Earth’s interior will certainly wish to be able to use the theory. Thermodynamics is our only method of understanding and predicting the behavior of many environmental, atmospheric, and geological processes. The need for Earth scientists to develop a functional knowledge of thermodynamic concepts and methodology is therefore urgent. Sources of an entropy increase the dissipative and self-organizing systems driving the evolution and dynamics of the Universe and Earth through irreversible processes. The non-linear interactions lead to the formation of fractal structures. From the structural phase transformations the important interior boundaries emerge.Non-linear interactions between the defects in solids lead the authors to develop the physics of continua with a dense distribution of defects. Disclinations and dislocations interact during a slow evolution as well as during rapid dynamic events, like earthquakes. Splitting the dynamic processes into the 2D fault done and 3D surrounding space brings a new tool for describing the slip nucleation and propagation along the earthquake faults. Seismic efficiency, rupture velocity, and complexity of seismic source zone are considered from different points of view, fracture band earthquake model is developed on the basis of thermodynamics of line defects, like dislocations. Earthquake thermodynamics offers us a microscopicmodel of earthquake sources.Physics of defects helps the authors decscribe and explain a number of precursory phenomena caused by the buildup of stresses. Anomalies in electric polarization and electromagnetic radiation prior to earthquakes are considered from this point of view. Through the thermodynamic approach, the authors arrive at the fascinating question of posssibility of earthquake prediction. In general, the Earth is considered here as a multicomponent system. Transport phenomena as well as wave propagation and shock waves are considered in this system subjected also to chemical and phase transformations.

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Table of contents :
Content:
Contributors
Pages xv-xvi

Preface
Page xvii
Roman Teisseyre

Introduction
Pages xix-xxii
Roman Teisseyre, Eugeniusz Majewski

Chapter 1 The composition of the earth Original Research Article
Pages 3-23
William F. McDonough

Chapter 2 Thermodynamics of chaos and fractals applied: Evolution of the earth and phase transformations Original Research Article
Pages 25-80
Eugeniusz Majewski

Chapter 3 Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of nonhydrostatically stressed solids Original Research Article
Pages 81-102
Ichiko Shimizu

Chapter 4 Experiments on soret diffusion applied to core dynamics Original Research Article
Pages 103-140
Eugeniusz Majewski

Chapter 5 Deformation dynamics: Continuum with self-deformation nuclei Original Research Article
Pages 143-165
Roman Teisseyre

Chapter 6 Evolution, propagation, and diffusion of dislocation fields Original Research Article
Pages 167-197
Roman Teisseyre

Chapter 7 Statistical theory of dislocations Original Research Article
Pages 199-227
Henryk Zorski, Barbara Gambin, Wieslaw Larecki

Chapter 8 Thermodynamics of point defects Original Research Article
Pages 231-259
P. Varotsos, M. Lazaridou

Chapter 9 Thermodynamics of line defects and earthquake thermodynamics Original Research Article
Pages 261-278
Roman Teisseyre, Eugeniusz Majewski

Chapter 10 Shear band thermodynamic model of fracturing Original Research Article
Pages 279-292
Roman Teisseyre

Chapter 11 Energy budget of earthquakes and seismic efficiency Original Research Article
Pages 293-305
Hiroo Kanamori

Chapter 12 Coarse-grained models and simulations for nucleation, growth, and arrest of earthquakes Original Research Article
Pages 307-322
John B. Rundle, W. Klein

Chapter 13 Thermodynamics of fault slip Original Research Article
Pages 323-327
Eugeniusz Majewski

Chapter 14 Mechanochemistry: A hypothesis for shallow earthquakes Original Research Article
Pages 329-366
Didier Sornette

Chapter 15 The anticrack mechanism of high-pressure faulting: Summary of experimental observations and geophysical implications Original Research Article
Pages 367-378
Harry W. Green II

Chapter 16 Anticrack-associated faulting and superplastic flow in deep subduction zones Original Research Article
Pages 379-397
Eugeniusz Majewski, Roman Teisseyre

Chapter 17 Chaos and stability in the earthquake source Original Research Article
Pages 399-423
Eugeniusz Majewski

Chapter 18 micromorphic continuum and fractal properties of faults and earthquakes Original Research Article
Pages 425-440
Hiroyuki Nagahama, Roman Teisseyre

Chapter 19 Physical and chemical properties related to defect structure of oxides and silicates doped with water and carbon dioxide Original Research Article
Pages 441-459
Stanisŀaw Malinowski

Chapter 20 Electric polarization related to defects and transmission of the related signals Original Research Article
Pages 463-499
N. Sarlis

Chapter 21 Laboratory investigation of the electric signals preceding the fracture of crystalline insulators Original Research Article
Pages 501-517
C. Mavromatou, V. Hadjicontis

Chapter 22 Diffusion and desorption of O− radicals: Anomalies of electric field, electric conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility as related to earthquake processes Original Research Article
Pages 519-533
Roman Teisseyre

Chapter 23 Electric and electromagnetic fields related to earthquake formation Original Research Article
Pages 535-552
Roman Teisseyre, Hiroyuki Nagahama

Chapter 24 Tectono- and chemicomagnetic effects in tectonically active regions Original Research Article
Pages 553-564
Norihiro Nakamura, Hiroyuki Nagahama

Chapter 25 Thermodynamics of multicomponent continua Original Research Article
Pages 567-655
Krzysztof Wilmanski

Index
Pages 657-670

International geophysics series
Pages 671-674