Lorentz D.
Table of contents :
Send Us Your Comments……Page 15
Preface……Page 17
What’s New in the SQL Reference?……Page 27
1 Introduction……Page 35
SQL Standards……Page 36
Lexical Conventions……Page 38
Tools Support……Page 39
2 Basic Elements of Oracle SQL……Page 41
Datatypes……Page 42
Oracle Built-in Datatypes……Page 46
ANSI, DB2, and SQL/DS Datatypes……Page 74
User-Defined Types……Page 76
Oracle-Supplied Types……Page 78
Datatype Comparison Rules……Page 82
Data Conversion……Page 86
Text Literals……Page 91
Number Literals……Page 93
Interval Literals……Page 95
Format Models……Page 99
Number Format Models……Page 101
Date Format Models……Page 105
Format Model Modifiers……Page 113
String-to-Date Conversion Rules……Page 115
XML Format Model……Page 116
Nulls in SQL Functions……Page 117
Nulls in Conditions……Page 118
CURRVAL and NEXTVAL……Page 119
LEVEL……Page 122
ROWID……Page 123
ROWNUM……Page 124
Comments Within SQL Statements……Page 125
Hints……Page 127
Schema Objects……Page 142
Nonschema Objects……Page 143
Parts of Schema Objects……Page 144
Schema Object Naming Rules……Page 146
Schema Object Naming Examples……Page 150
Syntax for Schema Objects and Parts in SQL Statements……Page 151
How Oracle Resolves Schema Object References……Page 152
Referring to Objects in Other Schemas……Page 153
Referring to Objects in Remote Databases……Page 154
Referencing Object Type Attributes and Methods……Page 156
3 Operators……Page 159
Operator Precedence……Page 160
Arithmetic Operators……Page 161
Concatenation Operator……Page 162
User-Defined Operators……Page 164
4 Expressions……Page 165
About SQL Expressions……Page 166
Simple Expressions……Page 167
Compound Expressions……Page 168
CASE Expressions……Page 169
CURSOR Expressions……Page 171
Datetime Expressions……Page 173
INTERVAL Expressions……Page 175
Object Access Expressions……Page 176
Type Constructor Expressions……Page 177
Expression List……Page 179
5 Conditions……Page 181
Types of Conditions……Page 182
Condition Precedence……Page 183
Comparison Conditions……Page 184
Simple Comparison Conditions……Page 185
Group Comparison Conditions……Page 186
Logical Conditions……Page 187
Membership Conditions……Page 189
EXISTS Conditions……Page 191
LIKE Conditions……Page 192
IS OF type Conditions……Page 196
Compound Conditions……Page 197
6 Functions……Page 199
SQL Functions……Page 200
Single-Row Functions……Page 201
Aggregate Functions……Page 204
Analytic Functions……Page 206
Object Reference Functions……Page 212
ACOS……Page 213
ASCII……Page 214
ASCIISTR……Page 215
ASIN……Page 216
ATAN2……Page 217
AVG……Page 218
BFILENAME……Page 219
BIN_TO_NUM……Page 220
BITAND……Page 221
CAST……Page 222
CHARTOROWID……Page 225
CHR……Page 226
COALESCE……Page 227
CONCAT……Page 229
CONVERT……Page 230
CORR……Page 232
COSH……Page 234
COUNT……Page 235
COVAR_POP……Page 237
COVAR_SAMP……Page 239
CUME_DIST……Page 241
CURRENT_DATE……Page 243
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP……Page 244
DECODE……Page 245
DECOMPOSE……Page 247
DENSE_RANK……Page 248
DEREF……Page 250
DUMP……Page 251
EXISTSNODE……Page 253
EXP……Page 254
EXTRACT (datetime)……Page 255
EXTRACT (XML)……Page 256
FIRST……Page 257
FIRST_VALUE……Page 259
FROM_TZ……Page 261
GREATEST……Page 262
GROUP_ID……Page 263
GROUPING……Page 264
GROUPING_ID……Page 265
INITCAP……Page 267
INSTR……Page 268
LAG……Page 270
LAST……Page 271
LAST_DAY……Page 273
LAST_VALUE……Page 274
LEAD……Page 276
LENGTH……Page 278
LN……Page 279
LOCALTIMESTAMP……Page 280
LOWER……Page 281
LPAD……Page 282
MAKE_REF……Page 283
MAX……Page 284
MIN……Page 287
MOD……Page 288
MONTHS_BETWEEN……Page 289
NCHR……Page 290
NEW_TIME……Page 291
NLS_CHARSET_DECL_LEN……Page 292
NLS_CHARSET_ID……Page 293
NLS_INITCAP……Page 294
NLS_LOWER……Page 296
NLSSORT……Page 297
NLS_UPPER……Page 298
NTILE……Page 299
NULLIF……Page 300
NUMTODSINTERVAL……Page 301
NUMTOYMINTERVAL……Page 302
NVL……Page 303
NVL2……Page 304
PERCENT_RANK……Page 305
PERCENTILE_CONT……Page 307
PERCENTILE_DISC……Page 310
POWER……Page 311
RANK……Page 312
RATIO_TO_REPORT……Page 314
RAWTOHEX……Page 315
REF……Page 316
REFTOHEX……Page 317
REGR_ (linear regression) functions……Page 318
REPLACE……Page 326
ROUND (number)……Page 327
ROUND (date)……Page 328
ROW_NUMBER……Page 329
ROWIDTOCHAR……Page 330
RPAD……Page 331
RTRIM……Page 332
SIGN……Page 333
SINH……Page 334
SOUNDEX……Page 335
SQRT……Page 336
STDDEV……Page 337
STDDEV_POP……Page 338
STDDEV_SAMP……Page 340
SUBSTR……Page 342
SUM……Page 343
SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH……Page 345
SYS_CONTEXT……Page 346
SYS_DBURIGEN……Page 351
SYS_EXTRACT_UTC……Page 352
SYS_GUID……Page 353
SYS_TYPEID……Page 354
SYS_XMLAGG……Page 355
SYS_XMLGEN……Page 356
SYSDATE……Page 357
SYSTIMESTAMP……Page 358
TANH……Page 359
TO_CHAR (character)……Page 360
TO_CHAR (datetime)……Page 361
TO_CHAR (number)……Page 363
TO_DATE……Page 365
TO_DSINTERVAL……Page 366
TO_LOB……Page 367
TO_MULTI_BYTE……Page 368
TO_NCHAR (character)……Page 369
TO_NCHAR (datetime)……Page 370
TO_NCHAR (number)……Page 371
TO_NUMBER……Page 372
TO_SINGLE_BYTE……Page 373
TO_TIMESTAMP……Page 374
TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ……Page 375
TO_YMINTERVAL……Page 376
TRANSLATE……Page 377
TRANSLATE … USING……Page 378
TREAT……Page 380
TRIM……Page 381
TRUNC (number)……Page 382
TRUNC (date)……Page 383
TZ_OFFSET……Page 384
UNISTR……Page 385
UPPER……Page 386
USERENV……Page 387
VALUE……Page 389
VAR_POP……Page 390
VAR_SAMP……Page 392
VARIANCE……Page 393
VSIZE……Page 395
WIDTH_BUCKET……Page 396
ROUND and TRUNC Date Functions……Page 397
User-Defined Functions……Page 399
Name Precedence……Page 400
7 SQL Queries and Other SQL Statements……Page 403
Creating Simple Queries……Page 404
Hierarchical Queries……Page 405
The UNION [ALL], INTERSECT, MINUS Operators……Page 408
Sorting Query Results……Page 410
Joins……Page 411
Using Subqueries……Page 414
Selecting from the DUAL Table……Page 416
Distributed Queries……Page 417
Types of SQL Statements……Page 418
8 SQL Statements: ALTER CLUSTER to ALTER SEQUENCE……Page 423
ALTER CLUSTER……Page 425
ALTER DATABASE……Page 431
ALTER DIMENSION……Page 466
ALTER FUNCTION……Page 470
ALTER INDEX……Page 473
ALTER INDEXTYPE……Page 494
ALTER JAVA……Page 496
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW……Page 499
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG……Page 515
ALTER OUTLINE……Page 522
ALTER PACKAGE……Page 524
ALTER PROCEDURE……Page 528
ALTER PROFILE……Page 531
ALTER RESOURCE COST……Page 535
ALTER ROLE……Page 538
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT……Page 540
ALTER SEQUENCE……Page 544
9 SQL Statements: ALTER SESSION to ALTER SYSTEM……Page 547
ALTER SESSION……Page 548
ALTER SYSTEM……Page 566
10 SQL Statements: ALTER TABLE to ALTER TABLESPACE……Page 665
ALTER TABLE……Page 666
ALTER TABLESPACE……Page 746
11 SQL Statements: ALTER TRIGGER to constraint_clause……Page 757
ALTER TRIGGER……Page 758
ALTER TYPE……Page 762
ALTER USER……Page 776
ALTER VIEW……Page 784
ANALYZE……Page 787
ASSOCIATE STATISTICS……Page 802
AUDIT……Page 806
CALL……Page 820
COMMENT……Page 823
COMMIT……Page 826
constraint_clause……Page 829
12 SQL Statements: CREATE CLUSTER to CREATE JAVA……Page 859
CREATE CLUSTER……Page 860
CREATE CONTEXT……Page 869
CREATE CONTROLFILE……Page 872
CREATE DATABASE……Page 878
CREATE DATABASE LINK……Page 891
CREATE DIMENSION……Page 897
CREATE DIRECTORY……Page 902
CREATE FUNCTION……Page 905
CREATE INDEX……Page 918
CREATE INDEXTYPE……Page 945
CREATE JAVA……Page 948
13 SQL Statements: CREATE LIBRARY to CREATE SPFILE……Page 955
CREATE LIBRARY……Page 956
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW……Page 959
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG……Page 982
CREATE OPERATOR……Page 991
CREATE OUTLINE……Page 995
CREATE PACKAGE……Page 999
CREATE PACKAGE BODY……Page 1004
CREATE PFILE……Page 1009
CREATE PROCEDURE……Page 1011
CREATE PROFILE……Page 1018
CREATE ROLE……Page 1025
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT……Page 1028
CREATE SCHEMA……Page 1032
CREATE SEQUENCE……Page 1035
CREATE SPFILE……Page 1040
14 SQL Statements: CREATE SYNONYM to CREATE TRIGGER……Page 1045
CREATE SYNONYM……Page 1046
CREATE TABLE……Page 1050
CREATE TABLESPACE……Page 1110
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE……Page 1121
CREATE TRIGGER……Page 1125
15 SQL Statements: CREATE TYPE to DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT……Page 1141
CREATE TYPE……Page 1143
CREATE TYPE BODY……Page 1163
CREATE USER……Page 1169
CREATE VIEW……Page 1176
DELETE……Page 1189
DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS……Page 1197
DROP CLUSTER……Page 1200
DROP CONTEXT……Page 1202
DROP DATABASE LINK……Page 1203
DROP DIMENSION……Page 1204
DROP DIRECTORY……Page 1206
DROP FUNCTION……Page 1207
DROP INDEX……Page 1209
DROP INDEXTYPE……Page 1211
DROP JAVA……Page 1213
DROP LIBRARY……Page 1215
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW……Page 1216
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG……Page 1218
DROP OPERATOR……Page 1220
DROP OUTLINE……Page 1222
DROP PACKAGE……Page 1223
DROP PROCEDURE……Page 1225
DROP PROFILE……Page 1227
DROP ROLE……Page 1229
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT……Page 1230
16 SQL Statements: DROP SEQUENCE to ROLLBACK……Page 1233
DROP SEQUENCE……Page 1234
DROP SYNONYM……Page 1236
DROP TABLE……Page 1238
DROP TABLESPACE……Page 1242
DROP TRIGGER……Page 1245
DROP TYPE……Page 1247
DROP TYPE BODY……Page 1250
DROP USER……Page 1252
DROP VIEW……Page 1254
EXPLAIN PLAN……Page 1256
filespec……Page 1260
GRANT……Page 1264
INSERT……Page 1286
LOCK TABLE……Page 1303
MERGE……Page 1307
NOAUDIT……Page 1311
RENAME……Page 1316
REVOKE……Page 1318
ROLLBACK……Page 1328
17 SQL Statements: SAVEPOINT to UPDATE……Page 1331
SAVEPOINT……Page 1332
SELECT……Page 1334
SET CONSTRAINT[S]……Page 1370
SET ROLE……Page 1372
SET TRANSACTION……Page 1375
storage_clause……Page 1379
TRUNCATE……Page 1388
UPDATE……Page 1393
A How to Read Syntax Diagrams……Page 1405
Required Keywords and Parameters……Page 1407
Syntax Loops……Page 1408
Database Objects……Page 1409
B Oracle and Standard SQL……Page 1411
ISO Standards……Page 1412
Oracle Compliance……Page 1413
FIPS Compliance……Page 1419
Character Set Support……Page 1420
C Oracle Reserved Words……Page 1423
Index……Page 1425
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