GPRS: Gateway to Third Generation, Mobile Networks

Gunnar Heine, Holger Sagkob9781580531597, 1580531598

This innovative new book explains how GPRS (general packet radio service) allows you to expand your GSM networks towards third generation mobile communications to meet the demands of the most-sophisticated mobile data applications. The book concentrates on the interfaces between the known GSM network elements and the new subsystems – PCU, SGSN, and GGSN – that come with GPRS. It offers you an in-depth explanation of the extensions and methods of the GSM air interface necessary for GPRS and shows how the channel-oriented GSM is linked to the packet switched GPRS. Moreover, it explains what extensions there are in channel coding, how resources are allocated on the air interface, and how the quick network access necessary for GPRS is made possible. This invaluable reference gives you the ability to easily and rapidly penetrate typical design and operation issues of GPRS. It enables you to understand the differences between the various 2.5 G extensions of GSM, gives you a firm grasp of the implications of mobile data services and how they differ from regular speed services, and clearly conveys the distinction between circuit-switched and packet-switched technologies. The book also addresses alternative bandwidth configurations, HSCSD and EDGE, and the TCP/IP protocols now used in GSM. They conclude with a detailed description of the various scenarios of GPRS and HSCSD, all of which are of great value to the professional in daily work. About the AuthorGunnar Heine is President and CEO of INACON GmbH, and has conducted extensive research in 3GPP standardization. He holds an M.S. in communication technology from the University of Wilhelmshaven. He is the author of GSM Networks: Protocols, Terminology and Implementation, GPRS A-Z, and GPRS Signaling and Protocol Analysis Vloumes 1 and 2 (Artech House, 1999, 2000, and 2002). He is also the coauthor of EDGE from A-Z (Artech House, 2001). Holger Sagkob is a development engineer in the radio communications division of Alcatel Mobile Communications. He holds a Diplom-Ingenieur (FH) degree from Fachhochschule Wilhelmshaven.

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Table of contents :
GPRS: Gateway to Third Generation
Mobile Networks……Page 5
Copyright……Page 6
Contents……Page 9
Preface……Page 15
1.1 The Network Architecture of GSM……Page 19
1.1.1 The BSS……Page 20
1.1.2 The Network Switching Subsystem……Page 22
1.1.3 The GSM Mobile Station and the SIM……Page 26
1.2.1 SDMA……Page 28
1.2.2 FDMA……Page 29
1.2.3 TDMA……Page 30
1.3 Chronological Sequence of Uplink and Downlink Transmission……Page 31
1.4 Problems of Transmission Delay in TDMA Systems — Timing Advance Control……Page 32
1.4.1 Timing Advance Control When Accessing the Network……Page 33
1.4.2 Timing Advance Control During a Connection……Page 34
1.5.1 The 51 Multiframe……Page 35
1.5.2 The 26 Multiframe……Page 39
1.5.3 The Frame Hierarchy……Page 40
1.6.1 Introduction and Overview……Page 41
1.6.3 Channel Coding……Page 42
1.6.4 Interleaving and Burst Generating……Page 49
1.6.5 The Encrypting Function in GSM ( Ciphering/ Encryption in GSM)……Page 50
1.6.6 Burst Forming and Modulation……Page 52
1.7 Data Services in GSM……Page 60
1.7.1 CSD ( TCH/ F 9.6 Kbps)……Page 62
2.1 The History ¡ª From GSM to UMTS……Page 67
2.1.1 HSCSD……Page 68
2.1.3 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM or Global Evolution……Page 69
2.1.4 Universal Mobile Telecommunication System and UTRAN……Page 71
2.1.5 GPRS as a Forerunner of 3G and UMTS……Page 72
2.2 Definitions: Circuit Switched and Packet Switched……Page 73
2.2.1 Circuit Switching……Page 74
2.2.2 Packet Switching……Page 77
2.2.3 Summary……Page 78
2.3.1 A High Number of Accesses of Short Duration……Page 79
2.3.2 Packet Data Overhead……Page 85
2.3.4 The Handover Problem……Page 86
2.4 The Combined GSM/ GPRS Network Architecture……Page 88
2.4.1 The Packet Control Unit……Page 89
2.4.2 The Serving GPRS Support Node……Page 93
2.4.3 The Gateway GPRS Support Node……Page 96
2.4.5 Overview of the GSM/ GPRS Network as a Whole……Page 100
2.5 The Mobile Station in GPRS……Page 101
2.5.1 The Multislot Classes……Page 102
2.5.2 GPRS: The Class A, B, and C Mobile Stations……Page 104
3.1.1 Structure and Multiplexing on the 52 Multiframe……Page 107
3.2 The Packet Data Channels……Page 110
3.2.1 The PBCCH……Page 111
3.2.2 The PCCCH……Page 113
3.2.3 The PDTCH and the PACCH……Page 114
3.2.4 The PTACC……Page 115
3.2.6 The Network Operation Modes ( NOM I, NOM II, and NOM III)……Page 116
3.3 Timing Advance Control in GPRS……Page 119
3.3.1 The Continuous Timing Advance Update Procedure……Page 120
3.4 The Coding Schemes CS- 1 to CS- 4……Page 124
3.4.1 Coding Scheme 1……Page 127
3.4.2 Coding Schemes 2 and 3……Page 129
3.4.3 Coding Scheme 4……Page 131
3.4.4 Use of the Different Coding Schemes……Page 132
3.4.5 Differentiation of the Coding Schemes……Page 133
3.5.1 The Definition of TBF and TFI……Page 134
3.6.1 The Various Network Access Possibilities……Page 137
3.7.1 Resource Allocation in the Downlink Direction……Page 143
3.7.2 Resource Allocation in the Uplink Direction……Page 145
3.8.1 The Operation of the PACCH for Downlink TBFs……Page 153
3.8.2 The Operation of the PACCH for Uplink TBFs……Page 154
3.9.1 The Termination of a Downlink TBF……Page 155
3.9.2 The Termination of an Uplink TBF……Page 156
4.1.1 New Identification Parameters for GMM……Page 161
4.1.2 New Procedures in GMM……Page 164
4.2 QoS in GPRS……Page 187
4.2.2 QoS Parameters in GPRS Releases 97 and 98……Page 188
4.3 Session Management in GPRS……Page 193
4.3.1 The Activation of a PDP Context by the Mobile Station……Page 195
5 The GPRS Protocol Stack……Page 205
5.1 The RLC/ MAC Protocol……Page 207
5.1.1 The Acknowledged Mode in RLC ¡ª The ARQ Method……Page 208
5.1.2 The Frame Format of RLC/ MAC……Page 212
5.1.3 The Parameters in RLC/ MAC Frames……Page 213
5.2 The LLC Protocol……Page 221
5.2.1 Functions of LLC……Page 223
5.2.2 The Frame Format of LLC……Page 227
6.1 Overview……Page 229
6.1.1 Asymmetrical Connections……Page 230
6.1.2 Transparent and Nontransparent Connections……Page 231
6.1.4 Data Rates……Page 232
6.2.1 Split/ Combine Function……Page 233
6.2.2 Channel Bundling on the Air Interface……Page 240
6.2.3 Features of the Mobile Station……Page 248
6.3.1 Function Blocks in the Signal Chain……Page 250
6.3.2 Call Setup……Page 255
6.4.1 ISDN Data Frames……Page 256
6.4.2 Network Independent Clocking……Page 265
6.4.3 Rate Adaptations……Page 266
6.4.4 RLP……Page 287
6.4.5 Layer 2 Relay……Page 291
List of Acronyms……Page 303
About the Authors……Page 311
Index……Page 313