Rawles J. W.
Table of contents :
Contents……Page 3
Send Us Your Comments……Page 15
Preface……Page 17
What’s New in Oracle Cluster Software?……Page 25
New Terminology……Page 26
Installation and Configuration……Page 27
Cache Fusion and Resource Management……Page 30
SRVCTL Utility……Page 31
Diagnostic Features……Page 32
High Availability Features……Page 33
TRACE_ENABLED Parameter……Page 35
Obsolete Parameters……Page 36
Replacement Views……Page 37
Oracle8i Release 3 (8.1.7) New Features for Oracle Parallel Server……Page 38
Oracle8i Release 2 (8.1.6) New Features for Oracle Parallel Server……Page 39
1 Introduction to Real Application Clusters……Page 43
What is Real Applications Clusters?……Page 44
Scalability……Page 45
High Performance Features of Oracle9i Real Application Clusters……Page 46
2 Real Application Clusters Architecture……Page 49
Overview of Components for Clustered Systems……Page 50
Failure Detection……Page 51
Diagnosability Daemon……Page 52
Distributed Architecture in the Global Cache Service and Global Enqueue Service……Page 53
Resource Affinity in the Global Cache Service and Global Enqueue Service……Page 54
Cluster Interconnect and Interprocess Communication (Node-to-Node)……Page 55
Disk Subsystems……Page 56
3 Cluster Hardware Architecture……Page 57
Memory Access……Page 58
Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA)……Page 59
The High Speed IPC Interconnect……Page 60
Uniform Disk Access……Page 61
Advantages of Uniform Disk Access……Page 62
MPP Systems and Resource Affinity……Page 63
Interoperability with Other Systems……Page 64
4 Local Resource Coordination……Page 67
Overview of Resource Coordination……Page 68
Latches……Page 69
Row Locks……Page 70
5 Cache Fusion and the Global Cache Service……Page 73
Concurrent Writes on Different Nodes……Page 74
Cache Coherency……Page 75
Resource Modes……Page 76
Write Protocol and Past Image Tracking……Page 77
Real Application Clusters Resource Control Mechanisms……Page 78
Resource Control, Cache-to-Cache Transfer, and Cache Coherency……Page 79
Finding the State of a Buffer……Page 80
How Buffer States and Block Access Modes Change……Page 81
Requesting a Block for a Read from Another Instance: Scenario……Page 82
Requesting a Changed Block for Modification: Scenario……Page 84
Writing Blocks to Disk: Scenario……Page 85
Interrupt and Completion Processing……Page 87
Acquisition Interrupts Communicate Block Access Request Status……Page 88
Block Access Requests are Granted and Converted……Page 89
Recovery in Real Applications Clusters……Page 91
6 Coordination by the Global Enqueue Service……Page 93
Global Enqueue Service Concurrency Control……Page 94
Global Enqueue Service Processing……Page 95
Table Locks……Page 96
Dictionary Cache Locks……Page 97
Deadlock Detection in the Global Enqueue Service……Page 98
7 Real Application Clusters Components……Page 101
Real Application Clusters Processes……Page 102
Cache Fusion Processing……Page 103
Overview of Real Application Clusters Processes……Page 105
Lamport SCN Generation……Page 106
8 Real Application Clusters Storage Considerations……Page 107
Datafile Storage in Real Application Clusters……Page 108
Using Server Parameter Files in Real Application Clusters……Page 109
Redo Log File Storage in Real Application Clusters……Page 110
Rollback Segments in Real Application Clusters……Page 111
How Oracle Handles Free Space……Page 112
Free List Groups……Page 113
Avoiding Contention for Segment Headers and Free Lists……Page 114
Basic Free List Group Example……Page 116
Controlling Extent Allocation……Page 118
Automatic Allocation of New Extents……Page 119
9 Scalability in Real Application Clusters……Page 121
Enhanced Throughput: Scale Up……Page 122
Scale Up……Page 123
Speed Up……Page 124
Transaction Systems……Page 125
Oracle Parallel Execution on Real Application Clusters……Page 126
Network Scalability as a Function of Bandwidth and Latency……Page 127
Enhanced Network Scalability by Using the Shared Server……Page 128
Connect-Time Failover for Multiple Listeners……Page 129
Database Management System Scalability……Page 130
Application Scalability……Page 131
10 High Availability Concepts and Best Practices……Page 135
Measuring Availability……Page 136
Causes of Downtime……Page 137
Redundancy Planning……Page 140
Cluster Components and High Availability……Page 141
Database Software……Page 142
Failure Protection Validation……Page 143
Failover Basics……Page 144
Transparent Application Failover……Page 145
Uses of Transparent Application Failover……Page 146
Quiescing the Database……Page 147
Load Balancing……Page 148
Database Client Processing During Failover……Page 149
Server Failover……Page 150
How Failover Works……Page 151
Reorganizing Cluster Membership……Page 152
Performing Database Recovery……Page 153
Instance Recovery……Page 154
Basic High Availability Configurations……Page 156
Primary/Secondary Instance in Dedicated Server Environments……Page 157
Primary/Secondary Instance Feature and the Shared Server……Page 160
Warming the Library Cache on the Secondary Instance……Page 162
Shared High Availability Node Configuration……Page 163
Toward Deploying High Availability……Page 164
11 Oracle Real Application Clusters Guard Architecture……Page 165
Overview of Oracle Real Application Clusters Guard Components……Page 166
PFSCTL Control Utility……Page 167
PFS Setup Utility……Page 168
Preferred Primary and Secondary Nodes……Page 169
Architecture of Oracle Real Application Clusters Guard……Page 170
Resources……Page 172
Instance Monitor……Page 173
Additional Configurations of Oracle Real Application Clusters Guard……Page 174
Hub Configuration……Page 175
Ring Configuration……Page 177
12 Oracle Real Application Clusters Guard Operation……Page 181
Failure of the Primary Instance……Page 182
Restoring the Nodes to their Original Roles……Page 184
Failure of the Secondary Instance……Page 186
Failure of Both Instances……Page 187
A Restrictions……Page 191
Maximum Number of Blocks Allocated at a Time……Page 192
Free Lists with Import and Export Utilities……Page 193
B Using Multi-Block Lock Assignments (Optional)……Page 195
Processing Locks to Ensure Optimal Performance……Page 196
1:n Locks……Page 197
Understanding Lock Management……Page 198
Example of Locks Covering Multiple Blocks……Page 199
Periodicity of Locks……Page 200
Forced Writing: Signaling the Need to Update……Page 201
Partitioning to Avoid Forced Writing……Page 202
Glossary……Page 203
Index……Page 237
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