TOM DENTON0750662190, 9780750662192, 9780080492490
Table of contents :
Cover……Page 1
Automobile Electrical and Electronic Systems……Page 4
Contents……Page 6
Preface……Page 10
Introduction to the third edition……Page 11
Acknowledgements……Page 12
1.1.1 Where did it all begin?……Page 14
1.1.2 A chronological history……Page 16
1.2.2 An eye on the future……Page 21
1.3.2 Project……Page 23
2.2.1 Introduction……Page 24
2.2.3 Effects of current flow……Page 25
2.2.7 Factors affecting the resistance of a conductor……Page 26
2.2.8 Resistors and circuit networks……Page 27
2.2.9 Magnetism and electromagnetism……Page 28
2.2.11 Mutual induction……Page 29
2.2.12 Definitions and laws……Page 30
2.3.2 Components……Page 31
2.3.3 Integrated circuits……Page 33
2.3.4 Amplifiers……Page 34
2.3.6 Schmitt trigger……Page 36
2.3.8 Filters……Page 37
2.3.11 Digital to analogue conversion……Page 38
2.4.1 Introduction to digital circuits……Page 39
2.4.3 Combinational logic……Page 40
2.4.5 Timers and counters……Page 41
2.4.6 Memory circuits……Page 42
2.5.1 Introduction……Page 43
2.5.5 Buses……Page 44
2.5.7 A typical microprocessor……Page 45
2 Task definition……Page 46
4 Coding……Page 47
2.6.3 Sources of error in measurement……Page 48
2.7.1 Thermistors……Page 49
2.7.2 Thermocouples……Page 50
2.7.4 Hall effect……Page 51
2.7.5 Strain gauges……Page 52
2.7.7 Variable resistance……Page 53
2.7.9 Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT)……Page 54
2.7.12 Vortex flow sensor……Page 55
2.7.16 Oxygen sensors……Page 56
2.7.18 Thick-film air temperature sensor……Page 57
2.7.20 Rain sensor……Page 58
2.7.24 Solenoid actuators……Page 59
2.7.25 Motorized actuators……Page 60
2.7.26 Stepper motors……Page 61
2.8 New developments……Page 63
2.9.1 Introduction……Page 65
2.9.2 Testing sensors……Page 66
2.10.1 Lambda sensor – case study……Page 67
2.11.2 Project……Page 68
2.11.3 Multiple choice questions……Page 69
3.1.2 Basic hand tools……Page 70
3.1.3 Accuracy of test equipment……Page 71
3.2.1 Basic test meters……Page 72
3.2.2 How to use a multimeter……Page 73
3.3.1 Oscilloscopes……Page 74
3.3.3 Engine analysers……Page 75
Waveforms……Page 76
3.3.4 Exhaust gas measurement……Page 77
3.4.1 Introduction……Page 79
3.4.3 Laser 2000 electronic systems tester……Page 80
3.5 On-board diagnostics……Page 81
3.6.3 Integrated diagnostic and measurement systems……Page 82
3.6.5 Multi Protocol Adapter (MPA)……Page 83
Diagnostic sequences……Page 84
3.7.2 The ‘theory’ of diagnostics……Page 85
3.7.3 Waveforms……Page 86
3.8.1 Bosch diagnostic system – case study……Page 90
Introduction……Page 91
Equipment Available……Page 92
3.9.3 Multiple choice questions……Page 93
4.1.2 Vehicle systems……Page 95
4.2.1 Cables……Page 96
4.2.2 Colour codes and terminal designations……Page 97
4.2.3 Harness design……Page 98
4.2.4 Printed circuits……Page 100
4.2.5 Fuses and circuit breakers……Page 101
4.2.6 Terminations……Page 102
4.2.7 Switches……Page 103
4.3.1 Limits of the conventional wiring system……Page 104
4.3.4 CAN signal format……Page 106
4.3.6 Fibre optics for multiplex databus……Page 108
4.3.8 Summary of CAN……Page 109
4.4.1 Symbols……Page 110
4.5.1 The smart electrical system of the future – Volvo S80……Page 111
4.6.2 Examples of EMC problems……Page 113
Introduction……Page 116
Visteon Bluetooth technology……Page 117
Microsoft Windows Automotive……Page 118
4.7.2 Beyond multiplexing……Page 119
4.7.3 Controller Area Networks (CAN) update……Page 120
4.8.3 Multiple choice questions……Page 121
5.1.3 Positioning the vehicle battery……Page 123
5.2.2 Battery rating……Page 124
5.3.2 Charging the lead-acid battery……Page 125
5.4.1 Servicing batteries……Page 126
5.4.3 Testing batteries……Page 127
5.5.1 Electrochemistry……Page 128
5.5.4 Electrochemical action of the lead-acid battery……Page 129
Efficiency……Page 131
5.6.1 Lead-acid battery developments……Page 132
5.6.3 The ZEBRA battery……Page 133
5.6.6 Fuel cell developments……Page 134
5.6.7 Sodium sulphur battery……Page 135
5.6.8 The Swing battery……Page 136
5.7.1 Bosch silver battery – case study……Page 137
5.7.2 Fuel cells – Dana……Page 138
Honda’s fuel cell stack……Page 139
5.8.3 Multiple choice questions……Page 140
6.1.2 Vehicle electrical loads……Page 141
6.2.2 Charging voltages……Page 142
6.3.1 Generation of electricity……Page 143
6.3.2 Rectification of AC to DC……Page 144
6.3.3 Regulation of output voltage……Page 146
6.3.4 Charging circuits……Page 148
6.4.2 Bosch compact alternator……Page 149
6.4.3 Japanese alternator……Page 150
6.4.4 LI-X series of alternators from Bosch……Page 151
6.6.1 Charging system – problems and solutions……Page 152
6.6.3 Alternator characteristics……Page 155
6.7.1 General developments……Page 156
Basic operating principles……Page 157
Closed loop regulation of output voltage……Page 158
Battery lifetime……Page 159
Summary……Page 160
6.8.3 Multiple choice questions……Page 161
7.1.1 Engine starting requirements……Page 162
7.1.3 Choosing a starter motor……Page 163
7.2.1 Starting system circuits……Page 164
7.2.2 Principle of operation……Page 165
7.2.3 DC motor characteristics……Page 166
7.3.1 Inertia starters……Page 168
7.3.2 Pre-engaged starters……Page 169
7.3.3 Permanent magnet starters……Page 170
7.3.4 Heavy vehicle starters……Page 172
7.3.7 Starter installation……Page 173
7.4.3 Ford integrated startergenerator (ISG)……Page 174
7.6.1 Speed, torque and power……Page 178
7.7.1 Belt-driven starter-generator……Page 180
7.8.1 Questions……Page 181
7.8.3 Multiple choice questions……Page 182
8.1.4 Advance angle (timing)……Page 183
Spark plug……Page 184
Vacuum advance……Page 185
8.1.8 Ignition coil cores……Page 186
8.2.2 Constant dwell systems……Page 187
8.2.4 Hall effect pulse generator……Page 188
8.2.6 Other pulse generators……Page 189
8.2.7 Dwell angle control (open loop)……Page 190
8.2.9 Capacitor discharge ignition……Page 192
Engine load – manifold absolute pressure sensor……Page 193
Detonation – knock sensor……Page 194
8.3.3 Electronic control unit……Page 195
Ignition output……Page 196
8.4.2 System components……Page 197
8.6.1 Functional requirements……Page 198
8.6.3 Heat range……Page 199
8.6.4 Electrode materials……Page 200
8.6.7 Choosing the correct plug……Page 201
8.7.1 Introduction……Page 202
8.7.2 Integrated ignition assembly (Toyota)……Page 203
8.7.4 Bosch spark plugs – 100 years of development……Page 204
8.7.5 Ignition overview……Page 206
8.8.3 DIS diagnostics……Page 208
8.9.1 Ignition coil performance……Page 209
8.11.3 Multiple choice questions……Page 210
9.1.2 Spark ignition engine combustion process……Page 212
9.1.3 Range and rate of burning……Page 213
9.1.5 Pre-ignition……Page 214
9.1.8 Mixture strength and performance……Page 215
9.1.9 Compression ignition engines……Page 216
9.1.11 Summary of combustion……Page 217
9.2.3 Other sources of emissions……Page 218
9.2.4 Leaded and unleaded fuel……Page 219
9.2.5 Exhaust emission regulations……Page 220
9.3.1 Basic carburation……Page 221
Fast idle……Page 222
9.4.2 System overview……Page 223
Idle or fast idle control actuator (Figure 9.28)……Page 225
9.4.4 Sequential multipoint injection……Page 226
Start of delivery and start of injection (timing)……Page 227
Excess air factor (air–fuel ratio)……Page 228
9.5.2 Diesel exhaust emissions……Page 229
9.5.3 Electronic control of diesel injection……Page 230
L2-Jetronic……Page 232
LE1-Jetronic……Page 233
9.6.2 Lucas hot wire – multipoint injection……Page 234
Full load enrichment……Page 237
9.6.4 Toyota Computer Controlled System (TCCS)……Page 238
9.6.5 Mazda lean burn technology……Page 240
9.6.6 In-cylinder catalysts……Page 241
9.6.8 Lucas diesel common rail system (LDCR)……Page 243
Full electronic control……Page 244
Third generation common rail with piezoelectric inline injectors……Page 245
Exhaust emission treatment……Page 247
Exhaust gas treatment for commercial vehicles……Page 248
9.8.1 Air–fuel ratio calculations……Page 249
9.9.1 Bosch lambda diesel……Page 250
9.10.3 Multiple choice questions……Page 251
10.1.3 Variable valve timing……Page 253
10.1.6 Injectors with air shrouding……Page 255
10.1.7 On-board diagnostics (OBD)……Page 256
10.2.6 Charge stratification……Page 257
10.2.9 Ignition system……Page 258
10.2.11 Catalytic converters……Page 259
10.2.12 Closed loop lambda control……Page 260
10.4.1 Introduction……Page 261
10.4.2 Advantages of central control……Page 262
10.4.4 Summary……Page 263
10.5.1 Introduction……Page 264
10.5.2 Major objectives of the GDI engine……Page 265
In-cylinder air flow……Page 266
Basic concept……Page 267
Fuel consumption during idling……Page 268
Basic concept……Page 269
10.6.1 Motronic M3……Page 271
Ignition system operation……Page 273
Fuel supply……Page 275
Fuel mixture calculation……Page 276
Introduction……Page 280
10.7.2 ECU auto-diagnostic function……Page 284
10.7.4 Injection duration signals……Page 286
10.8.2 Ignition timing calculation……Page 287
10.8.3 Dwell calculation……Page 288
10.8.4 Injection duration calculation……Page 289
10.8.6 Simulation program……Page 291
10.8.7 Hot chipping!……Page 292
10.8.8 Artificial Intelligence……Page 293
10.8.9 Neural computing……Page 294
10.9.4 Two-stroke engines……Page 295
10.9.6 Delphi’s ‘building block’ approach to advanced engine management systems……Page 296
Introduction……Page 297
10.9.9 Active cooling – Valeo……Page 300
High pressure direct injection……Page 301
10.10.3 Multiple choice questions……Page 302
11.1.2 Bulbs……Page 304
Double contact, small bayonet cap……Page 305
11.1.4 Headlight reflectors……Page 306
Bifocal reflector……Page 307
Poly-ellipsoidal headlight system (PES)……Page 308
11.1.5 Headlight lenses……Page 310
11.1.7 Headlight beam setting……Page 311
11.3.1 Gas discharge lamps……Page 312
Headlamp……Page 313
11.3.3 LED lighting……Page 314
11.4.3 Xenon lighting – Hella……Page 315
11.4.4 Blue lights!……Page 318
Neon technology……Page 319
11.4.9 Infrared lights……Page 320
11.4.11 Single light-source lighting……Page 322
Illumination intensity E……Page 323
11.6.3 Intelligent front lighting – Hella……Page 324
Bending Light……Page 325
Advanced Frontlighting System (AFS)……Page 326
Other lighting developments……Page 327
11.8.3 Multiple choice questions……Page 328
12.1.3 Wiper linkages……Page 330
12.1.5 Windscreen washers……Page 331
12.1.7 Electronic control of windscreen wipers……Page 332
12.2.1 Introduction……Page 334
12.3.1 Electric horns……Page 335
12.3.3 Headlight wipers and washers……Page 336
12.4.1 Indicators and hazard circuit – Rover……Page 337
12.4.4 Valeo wiper systems……Page 338
12.4.5 Electronic fan system control……Page 340
12.5.1 Introduction……Page 341
12.6.2 PM Motor – electronic speed control……Page 342
12.7.1 Electronic wiper control……Page 343
12.8.1 Questions……Page 344
12.8.3 Multiple choice questions……Page 345
13.1.3 Thermal-type gauges……Page 346
13.1.4 Moving iron gauges……Page 347
13.1.5 Air-cored gauges……Page 348
13.1.7 A digital instrumentation system……Page 349
13.2.1 Vehicle condition monitoring……Page 350
13.2.2 Trip computer……Page 351
13.3.2 Light-emitting diode displays……Page 352
13.3.3 Liquid crystal displays……Page 353
13.3.4 Vacuum fluorescent displays……Page 354
13.3.5 Head-up displays……Page 355
13.4.1 Air-cored temperature gauge – Rover……Page 356
13.4.2 Car navigation system – Alpine Electronics……Page 357
13.4.3 Telematics……Page 358
13.6.1 Multiplexed displays……Page 359
13.6.3 Holography……Page 360
13.7.1 Global positioning system (GPS)……Page 361
13.7.2 Advanced telematics and communications systems – Jaguar……Page 364
13.7.3 Siemens cockpit display system……Page 365
13.7.4 Electroluminescent instrument lighting – Durel……Page 367
13.8.3 Multiple choice questions……Page 368
14.1.2 Ventilation……Page 369
14.1.4 Heater blower motors……Page 370
14.2.2 Principle of refrigeration……Page 371
14.2.3 Air conditioning overview……Page 372
14.3.1 Seat heating……Page 373
14.4.1 Air conditioning – Rover……Page 374
14.5.1 Introduction……Page 378
14.6.2 Armature reaction……Page 379
14.7.2 Electric heating and air conditioning……Page 380
14.8.1 Questions……Page 381
14.8.3 Multiple choice questions……Page 382
Operational influences……Page 383
Vehicle deceleration……Page 384
Electronic control unit……Page 385
Vehicle yaw (twist about the vertical axis, swerving moment)……Page 386
15.2.1 Introduction……Page 387
15.3.1 Introduction……Page 388
Ignition control……Page 389
15.4.1 Introduction……Page 390
15.4.2 Control of gear shift and torque converter……Page 391
15.5.1 Electric power steering……Page 392
15.5.3 Active roll reduction……Page 393
15.5.6 Total vehicle dynamics……Page 394
15.5.7 Automatic clutch……Page 395
15.6.1 Tiptronic S – Porsche……Page 396
15.6.3 ABS – Chevrolet Corvette……Page 397
15.6.4 ‘Jatco’ automatic transmission……Page 398
For small passenger cars……Page 400
15.6.6 Porsche stability management……Page 401
15.6.7 Twenty-five years of the Bosch ABS……Page 402
15.7.2 Testing procedure – black box technique……Page 404
15.8.1 Road surface and tyre friction……Page 406
15.8.2 ABS control cycles……Page 407
Gas-by-wire……Page 408
Steer-by-wire……Page 409
Brake-by-wire……Page 410
15.9.2 Delphi MagneRide……Page 413
15.10.1 Questions……Page 414
15.10.3 Multiple choice questions……Page 415
16.1.2 Electric seat adjustment……Page 416
16.1.4 Electric sun-roof operation……Page 417
16.2.2 Electric window operation……Page 418
Actuator……Page 420
16.3.4 Adaptive cruise control……Page 421
16.4.1 Introduction……Page 422
16.4.3 ICE……Page 423
16.4.5 Radio reception……Page 424
16.4.7 Digital audio broadcast (DAB)……Page 425
16.4.8 Interference suppression……Page 426
16.4.9 Mobile communications……Page 427
16.4.10 Auto PC……Page 428
16.5.2 Basic security……Page 429
16.5.3 Top of the range security……Page 430
16.6.2 Operation of the system……Page 431
16.6.3 Components and circuit……Page 432
16.7.1 Obstacle avoidance radar……Page 434
16.7.2 Tyre pressure warning……Page 436
16.7.3 Noise control……Page 437
16.8.1 Volvo safety……Page 438
16.8.2 Rover electric windows……Page 440
16.8.3 Jaguar ‘S’ type audio, communications and telematics……Page 442
16.8.5 Alarming developments!……Page 443
16.8.8 ICE system – digital recordable radio……Page 444
16.8.9 Reverse sensing/ parking aid……Page 445
Passive anti-theft system (PATS)……Page 446
Key programming……Page 447
Fault diagnosis……Page 448
16.9.2 Testing procedure……Page 449
16.10.1 Cruise control and system response……Page 450
16.10.2 Radio suppresser calculations……Page 451
Passive keyless entry (PKE)……Page 452
16.11.2 GM Dialogue Manager……Page 453
16.12.3 Multiple choice questions……Page 454
17.1.4 Drive motors……Page 456
EC motors (electronically controlled)……Page 457
17.1.5 EV summary……Page 458
17.3.1 General motors – EV-1 (1999 version)……Page 459
17.3.2 Nissan – Altra……Page 460
17.3.3 ‘Nelco’ – hybrid drive……Page 461
17.3.4 A sodium-sulphur battery EV system……Page 462
17.3.5 Gas turbine hybrid……Page 463
17.3.8 Hybrid case study – Ford……Page 464
17.4.2 Optimization techniques – mathematical modelling……Page 466
17.5.2 Hydrogen infrastructure……Page 468
17.6.2 Assignment……Page 469
18.2 Automotive technology – electronics……Page 470
18.3.2 Assignment……Page 471
C……Page 472
G……Page 473
M……Page 474
S……Page 475
Z……Page 476
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