Charles Reed, David Ryall, General Sir Richard Dannatt0521860512, 9780521860512
Table of contents :
Cover……Page 1
Half-title……Page 3
Title……Page 5
Copyright……Page 6
Contents……Page 7
Contributors……Page 10
Foreword……Page 13
Acknowledgements……Page 19
1 Introduction……Page 21
A framework for ethical decision making……Page 25
Responding justly to new threats……Page 28
Fighting wars justly……Page 30
Securing peace justly……Page 32
Reflecting on just war……Page 34
PART I: A framework for ethical decision making: state and civil society-based approaches……Page 37
2 The development of just war thinking in the post-Cold War world: an American perspective……Page 39
The new world disorder……Page 40
Defective ideas have consequences……Page 42
The issues revisited……Page 46
Just cause……Page 47
Competent authority……Page 48
Last resort……Page 49
The ‘new things’ and the United States government……Page 51
Concluding thoughts……Page 55
3 Is there a European approach to war?……Page 57
Rethinking Europe’s international responsibilities?……Page 59
The painful evolution of a European approach……Page 63
Is there yet a European approach?……Page 70
The development of the doctrine since the Second World War……Page 75
‘Anti-Americanism’……Page 78
‘Practical pacifism’……Page 79
Consequentialism……Page 81
Just cause……Page 83
Legitimate authority……Page 84
Last resort……Page 86
Discrimination……Page 87
Just cause……Page 89
Right intention……Page 91
Proportionality……Page 93
Conclusion……Page 94
5 Just war thinking in recent American religious debate over military force……Page 96
Background and context……Page 97
From The Challenge of Peace to the war against Saddam Hussein……Page 99
The 1990–1991 Gulf War……Page 100
Economic sanctions and humanitarian intervention……Page 101
2003 Iraq War……Page 103
Just war thinking and American Protestantism: two contrary examples……Page 105
The United Methodist Church……Page 106
Evangelical Protestantism……Page 108
Factors influencing the churches’ positions on war……Page 109
The influence of pacifism……Page 110
The Civil Rights movement……Page 111
Vatican II……Page 112
Loss of historical knowledge……Page 113
Inversion of the Church–sect roles……Page 114
Do the churches make a difference in policy debates over war?……Page 115
PART II: Responding justly to new threats……Page 119
The moral challenge of Rwanda……Page 121
The self-defence paradigm……Page 123
The just war revisited……Page 125
The just war criteria……Page 131
Authority……Page 132
Last resort……Page 133
Jus post bellum……Page 134
Choosing between interventions……Page 135
Conclusion……Page 137
7 Terrorism……Page 138
Contested conceptual terrain……Page 139
Terrorism is terrorism……Page 143
Confronting Islamist terrorism with just war: ad bellum issues……Page 145
Restrained force against unrestrained violence……Page 150
Conclusion……Page 155
8 Rogue regimes, WMD and hyper-terrorism: Augustine and Aquinas meet Chemical Ali……Page 156
Preconditions for peace, justice and security……Page 157
International terrorism and the costs and risks of weapons proliferation……Page 159
‘Rogue regimes’……Page 161
Frustration of modern economic possibilities available for their own people……Page 163
Enhanced peril for their own people and for others……Page 164
Export controls and sanctions……Page 166
Last resort……Page 167
Public opinion as a decisive factor……Page 168
Pre-emption……Page 169
Preventative war……Page 170
Moral luck and preventative war……Page 171
Conclusion: considerations for difficult scenarios……Page 174
Chemical Ali……Page 176
9 Moral versus legal imperatives……Page 177
Law and its enforcement: enforcement and values……Page 178
Who decides? Peace and self-determination: sovereignty and welfare……Page 182
A just response to new threats?……Page 184
Altruism……Page 185
Authority……Page 186
Purposes……Page 189
Means……Page 191
Consequences……Page 193
An interim balance sheet……Page 194
PART III: Fighting wars justly……Page 197
Introduction……Page 199
Iraq 2003……Page 202
Effects-based warfare……Page 204
The crowding out of jus in bello……Page 209
Conclusion……Page 218
11 The just conduct of war against radical Islamic terror and insurgencies……Page 221
Terrorism and the challenge to just war……Page 222
How to defeat an insurgency……Page 226
Bridging the gap between theory and practice……Page 228
Developing just policies for war……Page 231
Concluding observations……Page 234
PART IV: Securing peace justly……Page 237
12 Justice after war and the international common good……Page 239
Catholic institutional internationalism……Page 240
Democratic peace……Page 245
The 2002 US National Security Strategy……Page 247
Holy war……Page 249
Back to jus ad bellum and jus in bello……Page 251
Concluding reflections……Page 254
Introduction: surfacing submerged assumptions……Page 256
Working in a charged discussion……Page 258
The first assumption surfaced: about institutions and structures……Page 259
The second assumption surfaced: about the inherent injustice of imperial rule……Page 262
The third assumption surfaced: about the restoration of community……Page 270
The fourth assumption surfaced: about unilateral action……Page 272
Conclusion……Page 273
14 From just war to just peace……Page 275
Human consciousness, human rights, and democracy……Page 276
The changing character of warfare……Page 277
Global governance……Page 278
The awkwardness of just war……Page 279
Jus ad bellum……Page 280
Jus in bello……Page 283
Just peace……Page 286
Towards an understanding of human security……Page 287
Northern Ireland – a case study in human security……Page 290
Conclusion……Page 292
PART V: Concluding reflections……Page 295
Historical lessons……Page 297
Understanding American foreign policy……Page 301
Law and the invention of peace……Page 303
Conclusion……Page 305
The nature of the tradition……Page 306
The ‘presumption against war’……Page 307
Proportionality……Page 309
Legitimate authority……Page 312
Right intention……Page 313
Concluding thoughts……Page 314
17 An American military ethicist’s perspective……Page 315
18 A British theological perspective……Page 324
Bibliography……Page 333
Index……Page 343
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