Taurine 4: Taurine and Excitable Tissues

Ryan J. Huxtable (auth.), Laura Della Corte, Ryan J. Huxtable, Giampietro Sgaragli, Keith F. Tipton (eds.)9780306464478, 9780306468384, 0306464470

Mitochondria from mammalian tissues possess an elaborate system for 2+ 2+ transporting Ca across their inner membrane which consists of Ca import, 2+ via the Ca uniporter, in response to the mitochondrial membrane 2+ + potential ?? and of Ca release by an antiport system in exchange for H + 9,23 or Na (see Fig. l) . Because the uniporter is dependent upon the external 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ Ca concentration ([Ca ]), mitochondria accumulate Ca until the [Ca ] o o 2+ decreases to the level at which the uniporter activity balances the Ca efflux. 2+ The [Ca ] at which the uniporter and efflux activities are equal is defined o the “setpoint” andcorresponds to values between 0.3-3µM. 2+ Figure 1. The Ca transport system of the inner membrane of mammalian mitochondria. U, + 2+ + + uniporter. I, Na -independent efflux mechanism or Ca /2H exchanger. D, Na -dependent 2+ + efflux mechanism or Ca /2Na exchanger. PTP, permeability transition pore. FP, 11 flavoprotein. ?? membrane potential. ? pH gradient. Adapted from .

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Table of contents :
Expanding the Circle 1975–1999: Sulfur Biochemistry and Insights on the Biological Functions of Taurins….Pages 1-25
Professor Doriano Cavallini: A Life for Sulfur Biochemistry….Pages 27-29
Professor Alberto Giotti: A Father of Taurine Research….Pages 31-33
Mode of Action of Taurine and Regulation Dynamics of Its Synthesis in the CNS….Pages 35-44
Taurine and Skeletal Muscle Ion Channels….Pages 45-56
Taurine-Deficient Cardiomyopathy: Role of Phospholipids, Calcium and Osmotic Stress….Pages 57-69
Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Cysteine Dioxygenase in Rat Liver….Pages 71-85
The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition and Taurine….Pages 87-96
Cloning and Characterization of the Promoter Region of the Rat Taurine Transporter (TauT) Gene….Pages 97-108
Taurine Prevents Ischemia Damage in Cultured Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes….Pages 109-116
Effects of Taurine and Thiosulfate on the Spectrophotometric Properties of Rna and Dna….Pages 117-126
Ionomycin Restores Taurine Transporter Activity in Cyclosporin-A Treated Macrophages….Pages 127-135
Daily Dietary Tautine Intake in Japan….Pages 137-142
Comparative Studies on Serum Taurine and Plasma Fatty Acids in Humans Between the Sea Side Area in Toyama, Japan and the Mountain Areas in Inner Mongolia, China….Pages 143-148
Biochemical and Ultrastructural Alaterations is Rat After Hyperoxic Treatment: Effect of Taurine and Hypotaurine….Pages 149-156
Hypotaurine Protection on Cell Damage by Singlet Oxygen….Pages 157-162
Hypotaurine and Superoxide Dismutase….Pages 163-168
Dietary Taurine Changes Ascorbic Acid Metabolism and Cholesterol Metabolism In Rats Fed Diets Containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls….Pages 169-175
Effects of Long-Term Treatment with Taurine in Mice Fed a High -Fat Diet….Pages 177-186
Hypolipidemic Effect of Taurine in Golden Syrian Hamsters….Pages 187-202
Taurine Reduces Atherosclerotic Lesion Development in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mine….Pages 193-202
Does Taurine Play an Osmolarity Role During Ethanol Intoxication?….Pages 203-212
Osmotic Sensitivity of Taurine Release from Hippocampal Neuronal and Glial Cells….Pages 213-218
Isovolumic Regulation in Nervous Tissue….Pages 219-225
New Role of Taurine as an Osmomediator between Glial Cells and Neurons in the Rat Supraoptic Nucleus….Pages 227-237
Gene Expression of Taurine Transporter and Taurine Biosynthetic Enzymes in Hyperosmotic States….Pages 239-248
Involvement of Ion Channels in Ischemia-Induced Taurine Release in the Mouse Hippocampus….Pages 249-256
Modulation of Taurine Release by Metabotropic Receptors in the Developing Hippocampus….Pages 257-264
Extracellular Taurine as a Parameter to Monitor Cerebral Insults ‘On-Line’….Pages 265-272
Effects of Taurine and some Structurally Related Analogues on the Central Mechanism of Thermoregulation….Pages 273-282
Taurine-Induced Synaptic Potentiation….Pages 283-292
The Effect of Kainic Acid and Ampa on the Release of Taurine and Gaba from the Rat Substantia Nigra In Vivo ….Pages 293-296
Effects of Ethanol and Glutamate Agonist Infusion on the Outflow of Sulphoacetaldehyde….Pages 297-304
Taurine, Glutamine, Glutamate, and Aspartate Content and Efflux, and Cell Volume of Cerebrocortical Minislices of Rats with Hepatic Encephalopathy….Pages 305-312
The Effect of Taurine Derivative on Lipid Peroxidation and InterHemispheric Asymmetry of Phospholipids from the Brain Synaptosomes in Rats after Immobilization Stress….Pages 313-319
Taurine Transport Mechanism Through the Bloos-Brain Barrier in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats….Pages 321-324
Protection of Intrinsc Nerves of Guinea-Pig Detrusor Strips Against Anoxia/Glucopenia and Reperfusion Injury by Taurine….Pages 325-333
The Possible Role of Taurine and Gaba as Endogenous Cryogens in the Rabbit….Pages 335-344
Interaction of Taurine With Metal Ions….Pages 345-354
Attenuation of Oxidative Damage to Dna by Tairome and Taurine Analogs….Pages 355-367
Tyrosine-Hydroxylase Immunoreactive Cells in the Rat Striatum Following Treatment with MPP + ….Pages 369-374
Investigation of the Therapeutic Efficacy af a Taurine Analogue During the Initial Stages of Ethanol Detoxification: Preliminary Studies in Chronic Alcohol Abusers….Pages 375-381
Metabolism of Taurine to Sulphoacetaldehyde During Oxidative Stress….Pages 383-388
Taurine Chloramine Attenuates the Hydrolytic Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in LPS-Activated Murine Peritoneal Macrophages….Pages 389-398
Synthesis of Taurine Analogues from Alkenes….Pages 399-401
Effects of Guandinoethane Sulfonate on Contraction of Skeletal Muscle….Pages 403-409
Protection by Taurine and Structurally Related Sulfur-Containing Compounds Against Erythrocyte Membrane Damage by Hydrogen Peroxide….Pages 411-429
Regulation of High Affinity Taurine Transport in Goldfish and Rat Retinal Cells….Pages 431-440
Effects of Osmotic and Light Stimulation on 3 H-Taurine Efflux from Isolated Rod Outer Segments and Synthesis of Tauret in the Frog Retina….Pages 441-451
New HPLC Eevidence on Endogenous Tauret in Retina and Pigment Epithelium….Pages 453-460
Characterization of Taurine Uptake in the Rat Retina….Pages 461-467
Calcium Uptake in the Rat Retina is Dependent on the Function of the Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel: Pharmacologic Evidence….Pages 469-476
Effects of Calmodulin Antagonists on Taurine-Stimulated Calcium Ion Uptake in the Rat Retina are Partly Independent of Calmodulin Activity….Pages 477-485
Swelling-Induced Taurine Efflus from Hela Cells: Cell Volume Regulation….Pages 487-495
Taurine Fluxes in Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Rehydration in Streptozotocin Treated Rats….Pages 497-501
In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Taurine and Structurally Related Sulfur-Containing Compounds Against Phenylhydrazine-Induced Oxidative Damage to Erythrocytes….Pages 503-522
A Taurine Transporter Isolated from Rat Cardiac Muscle….Pages 523-534
Identification of Promoter Elements Involved in Adaptive Regulation of the Taurine Transporter Gene: Role of Cytosolic Ca 2+ Signaling….Pages 535-544
Suppression of Bleomycin-Induced Increased Production of Nitric Oxide and NF-kB Activation by Treatment with Taurine and Niacin….Pages 545-561
Cytoprotective Effect of Taurine Against Hypochlorous Acid Toxicity to PC12 Cells….Pages 563-570
Effect of Taurine and β-Alanine on Morphological Changes of Pancreas in Streptozotocin-Induced Rats….Pages 571-577
Immunohistochemical Localization of Insulin in Pancreatic β-Cells of Taurine-Supplemented or Taurine-Depleted Diabetic Rats….Pages 579-587
Taurine Attenuates the Induction of Immediate-Early Gene Expression by PDGF-BB….Pages 589-594
Post-Operative Monitoring of Contical Taurine in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Microdialysis Study….Pages 595-603
Taurine Intake and Excretion in Patients Undergoing Long Term Enterel Nutrition….Pages 605-612
Does the Taurine Transporter Gene Play a Role in 3p-Syndrome?….Pages 613-619
Extracellar Levers of Taurine in Tumoral, Peritumoral and Normal Brain Tissue in Patients with Malignant Glioma: An Iitraoperative Microdialsis Study….Pages 621-625
The Treatment of Ammonia Poisoning by Taurine in Combination with a Broncholytic Drug….Pages 627-630
Concluding Comments….Pages 631-631