DNA Vaccines, Methods and Protocols

Douglas B. Lowrie, Robert Whalen9780896035805, 0896035808

State-of-the-art review articles by leading experts summarize how to develop and employ the highly promising new DNA vaccines, what clinical results can be expected from their use, and what is known about how they work. Key topics range from vaccine design and construction to preparation and delivery methods, including the use of classical adjuvants, “genetic adjuvants,” and the immunostimulatory properties of DNA and selected oligonucleotide sequences. Several contributors provide strategic ideas on antigen engineering and describe the novel applications of DNA vaccine methodology that have recently emerged. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, DNA Vaccines: Methods and Protocols provides a snapshot of the methods and thinking from which the vaccines of tomorrow will evolve.

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Table of contents :
Index……Page 0
1 Purification of Supercoiled Plasmid……Page 2
2 Production of Plasmid DNA in Industrial Quantities According to cGMP Guidelines……Page 12
3 Development and Characterization of Lyophilized DNA Vaccine Formulations……Page 24
4 Repeated Use of Qiagen Columns in Large-Scale Preparation of Plasmid DNA……Page 36
5 The Immunology of DNA Vaccines……Page 38
6 Methodology Used in DNA-Based Prophylactic and Therapeutic Immunization Against Hepatitis B Virus in Chimpanzees……Page 66
7 Intramuscular and Intradermal Injection of DNA Vaccines in Mice and Primates……Page 72
8 Veterinary DNA Vaccines……Page 80
9 DNA-Based Immunization of Neonatal Mice……Page 96
10 Intramuscular Injection of DNA Vaccines in Fish……Page 100
11 Development of DNA Vaccines for Salmonid Fish……Page 106
12 CTL Analysis for Tumor Vaccines……Page 124
13 The Use of Bone Marrow-Chimeric Mice in Determining the MHC Restriction of Epitope-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes……Page 134
14 Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences: An Overview……Page 146
15 Immunostimulatory CpG Motifs and DNA Vaccines……Page 170
16 In Vitro Assay of Immunostimulatory Activities of Plasmid Vectors……Page 174
17 Adjuvants for Plasmid DNA Vaccines……Page 186
18 Cytokine and Costimulatory Factor-Encoding Plasmids as Adjuvants for DNA Vaccination……Page 198
19 Optimization of DNA Vaccines Through the Use of Molecular Adjuvants……Page 206
20 Cytokine Fusion Constructs as DNA Vaccines Against Tumors……Page 222
21 The Use of Conventional Immunologic Adjuvants in DNA Vaccine Preparations……Page 242
22 Genetic Adjuvants……Page 252
23 DNA Immunization in Combination with the Immunostimulant Monophosphoryl Lipid A……Page 262
24 Controlled Plasmid Delivery and Gene Expression: Applications for Nucleic Acid-Based Vaccines……Page 268
25 Mucosal Immunization with DNA Vaccines……Page 288
26 Preparations for Particle-Mediated Gene Transfer Using the Accell® Gene Gun……Page 298
27 Entrapment of Plasmid DNA Vaccines into Liposomes by Dehydration/Rehydration……Page 306
28 DNA-Based Vaccination with Polycistronic Expression Plasmids……Page 314
29 A Nonviral Cytoplasmic T7 Autogene System and Its Applications in DNA Vaccination……Page 324
30 Immunization with Naked DNA Coexpressing Antigen and Cytokine via IRES……Page 336
31 Genetic Subunit Vaccines: A Novel Approach for Genetic Immunization……Page 346
32 Antigen Engineering in DNA Immunization……Page 356
33 Genetic Vaccination Targeting T-Cell Receptors……Page 376
34 Immunity to T-Cell Receptor: Suppressive Vaccination with DNA Encoding a Variable Region Gene of the T-Cell Receptor……Page 398
35 DNA Fusion Vaccines Against B-Cell Tumors……Page 406
36 DNA-Based Vaccination Primes Tumor-Rejecting T-Cell Responses……Page 426
37 Development of Female Contraceptive Vaccine Through DNA Inoculation of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Beta Subunit (hCGß)……Page 440
38 Genetic Immunization for Allergy Immunotherapy……Page 452
39 Preclinical Safety of DNA Vaccines: A Method to Analyze the Distribution of Plasmid DNA in Animal Models……Page 474
40 DNA Vaccination: Tolerance and Autoimmunity……Page 490
41 Assuring the Quality, Safety, and Efficacy of DNA Vaccines……Page 500