Sampling Analysis of Environmental Chemical Pollutants

E. P. Popek9780125615402, 012561540X

An excellent introduction to the real world of environmental work, this title helps both college students and working professionals improve their understanding of the data collection process. It covers all phases of data collection (planning, field sampling, laboratory analysis, and data quality assessment), and is a single source comprehensive reference for the resolution of the most common problems that environmental professionals face daily in their work.
Why This Title
This title is written in a clear and logical manner that is accessible to environmental professionals of all disciplines. It contains hundreds of practical tips on planning, sampling, and interactions with analytical laboratories. Having this text as a desk reference will greatly improve skills in planning and sampling, and elevate understanding of chemical data to a new level.
This topic is of importance to a wide range of environmental professionals from a variety of disciplines (see audience). Written by a practicing professional for practicing professionals, this handbook provides everything an environmental professional needs to know to competently collect environmental chemical data.

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Table of contents :
Cover……Page 1
CONTENTS……Page 2
INTRODUCTION……Page 4
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……Page 6
1.1 THE CONCEPT OF RELEVANT AND VALID DATA……Page 8
1.3 SEVEN STEPS OF THE SAMPLE’S LIFE……Page 10
1.4 TOTAL ERROR AND ITS SOURCES……Page 12
1.5 TOTAL ERROR AND DATA USABILITY……Page 14
2.1 WHAT ARE DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES?……Page 18
2.2 DEFINITIVE, SCREENING, AND EFFECTIVE DATA……Page 54
2.3 REGULATORY OVERVIEW AND ACTION LEVELS……Page 56
2.4 HOW TO NAVIGATE THE ANALYTICAL METHOD MAZE……Page 61
2.5 SAMPLING STRATEGIES……Page 69
2.6 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE SAMPLES……Page 72
2.7 COST ESTIMATE……Page 83
2.8 PLANNING DOCUMENTS……Page 84
2.9 ANALYTICAL METHOD AND LABORATORY SELECTION……Page 89
2.10 PREPAREDNESS AND COORDINATION……Page 94
3. Practical approach to sampling……Page 96
3.1 SEVEN STEPS OF THE SAMPLING PROCESS……Page 97
3.2 SAMPLE CUSTODY AND TRACKING……Page 99
3.3 SAMPLE PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES……Page 104
3.4 SAMPLE PACKAGING AND SHIPMENT……Page 108
3.5 SOIL SAMPLING DESIGNS……Page 110
3.6 WATER SAMPLING……Page 143
3.7 SURFACE SAMPLING WITH WIPES……Page 165
3.8 EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION……Page 169
3.9 FIELD MEASUREMENTS……Page 173
3.10 FIELD RECORDS……Page 186
4.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR LABORATORY OPERATION……Page 190
4.2 LABORATORY ORGANIZATION……Page 193
4.3 THE SEVEN STEPS OF LABORATORY PROCESS……Page 195
4.4 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS……Page 218
4.5 COMPOUND QUANTITATION……Page 247
4.6 LABORATORY QUALITY ASSURANCE……Page 259
5. Data quality assessment……Page 272
5.1 DATA EVALUATION……Page 273
5.2 THE SEVEN STEPS OF DATA EVALUATION……Page 277
5.3 THE SEVEN STEPS OF THE DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT……Page 289
Appendices……Page 304
Appendix 1: Definitions of Basic Statistical Terms……Page 306
Appendix 2: Toxic and Conventional Pollutants for the Clean Water Act National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System……Page 311
Appendix 3: Maximum Contaminant Concentrations for the Toxicity Characteristic……Page 313
Appendix 4: List of California Toxic Substances, Their Soluble Threshold Limit Concentrations and Total Threshold Limit Concentrations……Page 314
Appendix 5: PCB Cleanup Levels for Various Matrices……Page 315
Appendix 6: The EPA Quality Assurance Project Plan Table of Contents……Page 316
Appendix 7: Example of a Sampling and Analysis Plan Table of Contents……Page 317
Appendix 8: Example of a Field Sampling Supplies and Equipment Checklist……Page 318
Appendix 9: Example of a Chain-of-Custody Form……Page 319
Appendix 10: Example of a Custody Seal and a Sample Label……Page 320
Appendix 11: Example of a Sample Tracking Log……Page 321
Appendix 12: Analytical Method References, Containers, Preservation, and Holding Time for Soil Samples……Page 322
Appendix 13: Analytical Method Requirements, Sample Containers, Preservation, and Holding Time for Water Samples……Page 327
Appendix 14: Stockpile Statistics Worksheet……Page 335
Appendix 15: Example of a Sample Container Tracking Log……Page 336
Appendix 16: Example of a Groundwater Sampling Form……Page 337
Appendix 17: Example of a Laboratory Cooler Receipt Form……Page 338
Appendix 18: Gas Chromatography or High Performance Liquid Chromatography Data Package Content……Page 339
Appendix 19: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Data Package Content……Page 340
Appendix 20: Trace Element Analysis Data Package Content……Page 341
Appendix 21: Inorganic Data Package Content……Page 342
Appendix 22: Calculations Used for Compound Quantitation……Page 343
Appendix 23: Data Evaluation Checklist—Organic Compound Analysis……Page 346
Appendix 24: Data Evaluation Checklist—Trace Element Analysis……Page 347
Appendix 25: Data Evaluation Checklist—Inorganic Compound Analysis……Page 348
REFERENCES……Page 350
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS……Page 354
Index……Page 360