John Carroll0750684909, 978-0-7506-8490-3
Table of contents :
Cover Page
……Page 1
Copyright Page……Page 2
Dedication……Page 3
Preface to second edition……Page 4
Preface to first edition……Page 5
Acknowledgements……Page 6
Introduction……Page 7
Sales gas……Page 8
The normal boiling point of water……Page 9
The Normal Boiling Points of Hydrogen Compounds……Page 10
Enthalpy of vaporization……Page 11
Expansion upon freezing……Page 12
The Shape of the Water Molecule and the Hydrogen Bond……Page 13
Hydrates……Page 15
Free-water……Page 17
Heavy water……Page 18
Units……Page 19
References……Page 20
Type I hydrates……Page 22
Type I formers……Page 23
Type II hydrates……Page 24
The size of the guest molecule……Page 25
Cyclopropane……Page 27
Update……Page 28
Pressure-Temperature……Page 29
Composition……Page 30
Caution……Page 32
Ethylene……Page 33
Propylene……Page 34
V+LA+H Correlations……Page 35
Ethylene……Page 36
LA+LH+H Correlations……Page 40
Quadruple points……Page 41
Other hydrate formers……Page 42
Others……Page 43
Mixtures of the same type……Page 44
Type I plus Type II……Page 45
Azeotropy……Page 46
Mixtures with non-formers……Page 47
Appendix 2A……Page 49
References……Page 54
The gas gravity method……Page 56
Molar mass……Page 59
Density……Page 60
The k-factor method……Page 62
Flash……Page 63
Incipient solid formation……Page 64
Liquid hydrocarbons……Page 65
Computerization……Page 66
Comments on the accuracy of the K-factor method……Page 67
Baillie-wichert method……Page 69
Other correlations……Page 72
Kobayashi et al…….Page 76
Towler and Mokhatab……Page 77
Water……Page 78
Isobutane vs. n-butane……Page 79
Quick comparison……Page 80
Fan and Guo (1999)……Page 81
Sour natural gas……Page 82
Appendix 3A……Page 88
References……Page 98
Phase equilibrium……Page 99
Van Der Waals and Platteeuw……Page 100
Parrish and Prausnitz……Page 101
Calculations……Page 102
Compositions……Page 103
The accuracy of these programs……Page 104
Methane……Page 105
Ethane……Page 106
Carbon dioxide……Page 107
Mixtures……Page 108
Fan and Guo [9]……Page 109
Ng and Robinson (1976)……Page 111
Sour gas……Page 112
Dehydration……Page 113
Margin of error……Page 114
Examples……Page 115
References……Page 116
Inhibiting hydrate formation with chemicals……Page 117
Freezing point depression……Page 118
The hammerschmidt equation……Page 121
A New method……Page 123
A chart……Page 124
Accuracy of the new method……Page 126
Brine solutions……Page 128
Østergaard et al…….Page 130
Advanced calculation methods……Page 134
A word of caution……Page 135
Acetone……Page 136
Inhibitor vaporization……Page 137
A more theoretical approach……Page 139
Methanol……Page 141
Price for inhibitor chemicals……Page 143
Low dosage hydrate inhibitors……Page 144
Kinetic inhibitors……Page 145
Anticoagulants……Page 146
Examples……Page 147
References……Page 152
Water content specification……Page 154
Glycols……Page 155
Process description……Page 156
The contactor……Page 157
The Regenerator……Page 158
Short cut design method……Page 159
Software……Page 161
Approximate capital cost……Page 162
Simplified modeling……Page 163
Refrigeration……Page 167
Process description……Page 168
Glycol injection……Page 169
Examples……Page 170
References……Page 172
Plugs……Page 173
Heat loss from a buried pipeline……Page 174
Fluid contribution……Page 175
Soil contribution……Page 176
Additional comments……Page 177
Line heater design……Page 178
Bath……Page 179
Other considerations……Page 180
De-pressurization……Page 181
Melting a plug with heat……Page 183
Capital costs……Page 185
Examples……Page 186
References……Page 202
Molar mass……Page 203
Density……Page 204
Enthalpy of fusion……Page 205
Volume of gas in hydrate……Page 207
Examples……Page 208
References……Page 212
Comments about phases……Page 213
Single component systems……Page 214
Binary systems……Page 216
Methane+water……Page 219
Carbon dioxide+water……Page 222
Methane+water……Page 224
Multicomponent systems……Page 225
An acid gas mixture……Page 226
A typical natural gas……Page 227
Examples……Page 228
References……Page 230
Equilibrium with liquid water……Page 231
Ideal model……Page 232
Sharma-Campbell method……Page 233
Bukacek……Page 236
Ning et al…….Page 237
Maddox correction……Page 239
Robinson et al. charts……Page 242
Wichert correction……Page 243
Ice……Page 244
Methane……Page 246
Gas gravity……Page 247
Ethane……Page 250
Propane……Page 251
Examples……Page 253
References……Page 256
Joule-thomson expansion……Page 257
Ideal gas……Page 258
Compressibility factor……Page 259
The miller equation……Page 260
Flow in the well……Page 261
Transportation……Page 263
Seabed……Page 264
Mallik……Page 265
Examples……Page 266
References……Page 268
Programs on the Accompanying Web Site……Page 270
E……Page 274
L……Page 275
P……Page 276
X……Page 277
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