Turbo-machinery dynamics: design and operation

A. S. Rangwala9780071453691, 0071453695

This comprehensive text presents a detailed treatment of design, development, and operation of turbo-machinery. Starting with the fundamentals of thermodynamics and cycle design, and ending with the latest trends in development and production of many different types of turbo-machines, the author provides in-depth methods for analyzing new design procedures and maximizing structural integrity and operating efficiency that will assist in the design and analysis of even more powerful and efficient turbo-machinery.

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Table of contents :
Terms of Use……Page 3
Want to learn more?……Page 4
About the Author……Page 6
Contents……Page 7
Foreword……Page 13
Preface……Page 15
List of Symbols……Page 17
Part 1 Applications……Page 19
1.1. Introduction……Page 21
1.2. Historical Firsts……Page 22
1.3. Aircraft Propulsion……Page 24
1.4. Power Generation Overview……Page 26
1.6. Supercharging for Diesel Engines……Page 28
Bibliography……Page 30
2.1. Introduction……Page 33
2.2. Major Considerations……Page 35
2.3. High-Bypass Turbofan Engine……Page 36
2.4. Cycle Analysis Trend……Page 37
2.5. Performance Evaluation……Page 45
2.6. Component and Spool Match……Page 51
2.7. Compressor and Fan Sections……Page 53
2.8. Turbine Module……Page 57
2.9. Nacelle Design Concepts……Page 60
2.10. Experiments in Variable Geometry Intake……Page 63
2.11. Attachment with Aircraft……Page 66
2.12. Enhanced Power for Fighter Aircraft……Page 68
2.13. Life Prediction……Page 70
2.14. Propeller Blade Separation Incident……Page 73
Bibliography……Page 76
3.1. Introduction……Page 79
3.2. Simple-Cycle Gas Turbine……Page 81
3.3. Industrial Combustion Turbine……Page 85
3.4. Classification and Characteristics of Steam Turbines……Page 89
3.5. Advances in Steam Path Technology……Page 95
3.6. Combined Cycle Mode……Page 98
3.7. Combined Cycle for Periodic Demand……Page 101
3.8. Cogeneration……Page 104
3.9. Heat Recovery Steam Generator……Page 105
3.10. Compressor Rotor and Stator……Page 107
3.11. Turbine Construction Features……Page 112
3.12. Performance Upgrade……Page 115
Bibliography……Page 119
4.1. Introduction……Page 121
4.2. Ship Propulsion Plant……Page 123
4.3. Gas Compression Systems for Pipeline Pumping……Page 127
4.4. Operational Experience of LM2500 Engine……Page 129
4.5. Power for Heavy Military Vehicles……Page 131
Bibliography……Page 133
5.1. Introduction……Page 135
5.2. Supercharging Methods……Page 137
5.3. Fluid Flow and Thermodynamic Considerations……Page 141
5.4. Turbocharger Mechanism……Page 146
5.5. Performance under Pulsating Conditions……Page 151
Bibliography……Page 155
Part 2 Component Design……Page 157
6.1. Introduction……Page 159
6.2. Stall and Surge……Page 161
6.3. Airfoil Design Considerations……Page 164
6.4. Unsteady Viscous Flow……Page 168
6.5. Flow Characteristics at Stall Inception……Page 170
6.6. Rotating Instability from Vortex at Blade Tip……Page 174
6.7. Prospects for Active Stall Control……Page 177
6.8. Cascade Flutter Analysis……Page 185
6.9. Fault Identification in Variable Stator Vanes……Page 188
6.10. End-Wall Blockage……Page 191
6.11. Acoustic Resonance in Multistage Compressors……Page 195
6.12. Finite Element Method in Blade Vibrations……Page 199
6.13. Swept Fan Blade……Page 204
6.14. Design of Axial Compressor……Page 208
6.15. Increased Power by Zero Staging……Page 211
6.16. Prediction of Forced Response……Page 215
6.17. Random Blade Mistuning……Page 220
6.18. Stresses in Dovetail……Page 224
6.19. Example Problems……Page 228
References……Page 237
Bibliography……Page 239
7.1. Introduction……Page 241
7.2. Impeller Design Features……Page 242
7.3. Diffuser for Industrial Gas Turbine……Page 246
7.4. Interaction between Impeller and Volute……Page 248
7.5. Flow Characteristics in Vaned Diffuser……Page 253
7.6. Radial Inflow Turbine……Page 256
7.7. Stresses in Rotating Disk……Page 262
7.8. Twin Web Disk……Page 265
7.9. Disk Burst Capability……Page 268
7.10. Fluid-Flow Forces in Whirling Impeller……Page 271
7.11. Uncontained Failure from Fracture of Fan Hub……Page 274
7.12. Compressor Disk Failure Investigation……Page 277
7.13. Example Problems……Page 281
References……Page 285
Bibliography……Page 286
8.1. Introduction……Page 287
8.2. Design Aspects……Page 291
8.3. Individual Blade Vibration……Page 292
8.4. Cumulative Damage Theory in Life Prediction……Page 295
8.5. Integrity Evaluation of Turbine Blades……Page 298
8.6. Secondary Flow Loss Control……Page 302
8.7. Wake–Wake Interaction……Page 307
8.8. Clocking Effects in Turbine……Page 312
8.9. Steam and Air Cooling……Page 315
8.10. Impingement Cooling Aspects……Page 320
8.11. Nozzle Vane Design……Page 322
8.12. Example Problems……Page 326
References……Page 331
Bibliography……Page 332
9.1. Introduction……Page 335
9.2. Fuels for Various Applications……Page 337
9.3. Combustion Principles……Page 342
9.4. Combustor Designs and Selection……Page 345
9.5. Control of Pollutants……Page 354
9.6. NOx Formation……Page 358
9.7. Effects of Swirl……Page 360
9.8. Dry Low NOx Combustion System……Page 363
9.9. Catalytic Combustor for Utility Turbine……Page 367
9.10. Acoustic Resonance……Page 369
9.11. Active Combustion Instability Control……Page 373
9.12. Thermal Protection of Combustor Liner……Page 377
9.13. Structural Design for Dynamic Pressure……Page 379
9.14. Example Problems……Page 382
References……Page 386
Bibliography……Page 388
10.1. Introduction……Page 389
10.2. Fluid Film Bearing……Page 391
10.3. Journal Bearing Types……Page 395
10.4. Dynamic Characteristics……Page 398
10.5. Thrust Bearing……Page 403
10.6. Rolling Element Bearing……Page 405
10.7. Vapor Phase Lubrication……Page 410
10.8. Deformation in Ball Bearing……Page 414
10.9. Tip Clearance Actuation with Magnetic Bearings……Page 417
10.10. Impact of Flexible Support……Page 423
10.11. Seals and Dampers……Page 427
10.12. Labyrinth and Honeycomb Seal Evaluation……Page 430
10.13. Damping Seal Dynamic Characteristics……Page 433
10.14. Squeeze Film Damper……Page 435
10.15. Example Problems……Page 440
References……Page 445
Bibliography……Page 447
Part 3 Materials and Manufacture……Page 449
11.1. Introduction……Page 451
11.2. Strengthening Methods……Page 453
11.3. Nickel Base Alloys……Page 455
11.4. Cobalt Base Alloys……Page 458
11.5. Nickel–Iron Alloys……Page 460
11.6. Processing of Wrought Alloys……Page 461
11.7. Directionally Solidified Airfoil Technology……Page 464
17.8. Oxidation and Corrosion Resistance at Elevated Temperatures……Page 470
11.9. Protective and Thermal Barrier Coats……Page 471
11.10. Fracture Mechanism of Coats……Page 476
11.11. Fiber-Reinforced Ceramics for Combustor Liner……Page 483
11.12. Ceramic Components in MS9001 Engine……Page 487
References……Page 490
Bibliography……Page 491
12.1. Introduction……Page 493
12.2. Centrifugally Spun Alloy Steel Casting……Page 494
12.3. Investment Castings……Page 498
12.4. Powder Metallurgy Process……Page 501
12.5. Welding Methods……Page 504
12.6. Brazing for Joining Nickel-Based and Cobalt-Based Components……Page 508
12.7. Laser Welding Techniques……Page 511
12.8. Generating a Five-Axis Cutter Path……Page 513
12.9. Machining Methods and Impeller Performance……Page 518
12.10. Dimensional Instability in Machining Superalloys……Page 521
12.11. Curvic Coupling for Turbine Rotor……Page 525
12.12. Vapor Deposition of Thermal Barrier Coating……Page 527
12.13. Vacuum-Plasma-Sprayed Coatings……Page 529
References……Page 533
Bibliography……Page 534
Index……Page 535