EU public law

Damian Chalmers, Adam Tomkins0521882370, 9780521882378

Since its publication in 2006, European Union Law has quickly established itself as one of the leading textbooks in the field, providing the student with both a comprehensive text and collection of materials. European Union Public Law brings together those sections of the title which look at the constitutional and institutional law of the EU, making it ideal for students undertaking a more focused study of the Union. Its proven successful combination of a highly accessible style, a ‘law in context’ approach which looks at the law in its wider political and social context and collection of interdisciplinary materials make this an essential text for those students concerned with the institutional and political workings of the Union. European public law students, European studies students and politics students will find this text invaluable, at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.

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Table of contents :
Cover……Page 1
Half-title……Page 3
Title……Page 5
Copyright……Page 6
Preface……Page 8
Contents……Page 11
Abbreviations……Page 17
Acknowledgments……Page 19
European Court of Justice and Court of First Instance: cases in case number order……Page 21
European Court of Justice and Court of First Instance: cases in alphabetical order by party or common title……Page 28
Germany……Page 38
Spain……Page 39
United States of America……Page 40
Treaties and analogous instruments……Page 41
Commission Regulations (EC)……Page 51
Council Directives/Council and Parliament Directives……Page 52
Council Regulations/Council and Parliament Regulations……Page 53
Germany……Page 55
United Kingdom……Page 56
Table of Equivalents……Page 57
Electronic Working Paper Series……Page 62
1 European integration and the Treaty on European Union……Page 63
1. Introduction……Page 64
2. The idea of ‘Europe’……Page 65
3. The idea of ‘European Union’……Page 68
(i) Fromthe Treaty of Paris to the Treaty of Rome……Page 70
(ii) The EEC Treaty……Page 73
(i) De Gaulle and the Luxembourg Accords……Page 75
(ii) The initial enlargements……Page 77
(i) Run-up to the Single European Act……Page 78
(ii) The Single European Act……Page 80
(iii) The road to Maastricht……Page 82
7. The Treaty on European Union……Page 85
(i) Three pillars of the European Union……Page 87
(ii) The new competences……Page 89
(iii) Recasting the institutional settlement and the quest for ‘democracy’……Page 90
(iv) Division of power between the European Union and the Member States……Page 91
(i) Ratification of the Treaty on European Union……Page 92
(a) Area of Freedom, Security and Justice……Page 94
(c) Differentiated integration……Page 95
9. Recasting the borders of the European Union……Page 96
(i) Fin-de-siècle decay: from Amsterdam to Nice……Page 102
(ii) The Treaty of Nice and its aftermath……Page 103
Further reading……Page 105
1. Introduction……Page 106
(i) What makes the European Union different……Page 107
(ii) Van Gend en Loos……Page 109
(iii) Legitimacy of the ‘new legal order’……Page 113
(i) Explaining the constitutional turn……Page 119
(a) Success……Page 123
(b) Enlargement……Page 124
(c) The democratic challenge……Page 125
(d) Roles and policies……Page 130
(i) The Convention on the Future of Europe……Page 132
(ii) Process at the Convention……Page 135
5. The Constitutional Treaty: a brief summary……Page 138
6. Overview and assessment……Page 142
Further reading……Page 147
1. Introduction……Page 148
(a) College of Commissioners……Page 149
(b) The Directorates-General……Page 154
(a) Legislative and quasi-legislative powers……Page 155
(b) Agenda-setting……Page 158
(d) Supervisory powers……Page 160
(iii) Regulatory agencies and the Commission……Page 161
(i) Powers and workings of the Council……Page 163
(ii) Decision-making within the Council……Page 164
(iii) Management of the Council: the Presidency, the Secretariat and COREPER……Page 168
4. The European Council……Page 170
(i) Composition of the European Parliament……Page 173
(a) Legislative powers of the European Parliament……Page 176
(b) Powers over the Executive……Page 178
(d) Financial powers of the European Parliament……Page 181
(i) Jurisdiction of the Court of Justice……Page 182
(ii) Composition and working methods of the Court of Justice……Page 184
(iii) The Court of First Instance……Page 186
(i) European Central Bank……Page 189
(iii) Economic and Social Committee……Page 190
(iv) The Committee of the Regions……Page 191
Further reading……Page 192
1. Introduction……Page 193
2. EU legislation……Page 194
3. Soft law……Page 199
4. Legal bases for Community legislation……Page 202
5. Community primary legislative procedures……Page 206
(i) Council legislation without consultation of the Parliament……Page 207
(ii) Consultation procedure……Page 208
(a) Central features of the co-decision procedure……Page 211
(b) Legislative practice under the co-decision procedure……Page 213
6. Law-making and Enhanced Cooperation……Page 217
7. Comitology……Page 221
8. The ‘democratic deficit’ and the legislative process……Page 229
(i) Representative democracy and national parliaments……Page 230
(ii) Participatory democracy and republicanism……Page 233
(iii) Deliberative democracy and the European public sphere……Page 237
Community legal bases where Council acts on Commission proposal without Parliamentary input (unanimity unless noted)……Page 240
Legal Bases Covered By Consultation Procedure (Unanimity unless noted)……Page 241
Legal bases covered by co-decision (QMV unless noted)……Page 242
1. Introduction……Page 244
2. Sovereignty of EU law: primacy and the Court of Justice……Page 245
(a) Exclusive competence……Page 250
(b) Shared competence……Page 252
(ii) Fidelity principle……Page 255
(i) Case law of the national courts……Page 258
(a) European constitutional sovereignty……Page 260
(b) Unconditional national constitutional sovereignty……Page 261
(c) Constitutional tolerance……Page 263
(ii) Academic commentary……Page 268
4. Federal limits of EU law……Page 271
(i) Principle of conferred powers……Page 273
(ii) Principle of subsidiarity……Page 281
(a) Subsidiarity and judicial review……Page 282
(b) Subsidiarity: changing the European Union’s legislative culture?……Page 287
(c) Subsidiarity and process: national parliaments as guardians of EU law-making……Page 290
Further reading……Page 292
1. Introduction……Page 294
(i) Incorporation of fundamental rights into EC law by the Court of Justice……Page 296
(ii) Types of EC fundamental rights……Page 299
(i) Non-violation and fundamental rights……Page 303
(ii) Fundamental rights and the external relations of the European Union……Page 305
(iii) Development of an internal fundamental rights policy……Page 306
(i) Development of the Charter……Page 308
(ii) The rights and freedoms recognised in the Charter……Page 315
(iii) Interpretation of the Charter……Page 320
(i) Fundamental rights and the EU institutions……Page 323
(ii) Fundamental rights and the Member States……Page 325
Further reading……Page 332
1. Introduction……Page 334
(i) EC Treaty provisions……Page 335
(a) Making of the reference……Page 339
(b) Interim measures……Page 340
(c) Application of the ruling……Page 341
3. Functions of the preliminary reference procedure……Page 342
(i) Development of EC law……Page 343
(ii) Judicial review of EU institutions……Page 345
(iii) Preserving the unity of EC law……Page 347
(i) Article 234 EC and the creation of a Community judicial order……Page 353
(ii) The subjects of the Community judicial order……Page 355
(a) The binding effects of judgments on national courts……Page 357
(c) Setting out the circumstances in which referral is obligatory……Page 359
(d) The accountability of national judges……Page 363
5. Reform of the judicial architecture of the European Union……Page 365
Further reading……Page 372
1. Introduction……Page 373
2. Nature and importance of accountability……Page 374
3. Transparency……Page 379
4. Responsibility and resignation: governance and the Commission……Page 391
5. The European Ombudsman……Page 399
Further reading……Page 408
1. Introduction……Page 410
2. Enforcement by the Court of Justice: Articles 226–228 EC……Page 411
(i) Article 226 EC procedure……Page 412
(ii) Complainants and Article 226 EC……Page 415
(iii) Scope of Member States’ responsibilities……Page 419
(iv) Sanction: Article 228 EC……Page 422
(v) Conclusions……Page 426
3. Enforcement through the national courts: direct effect……Page 427
(i) Establishment of direct effect……Page 428
(ii) Liberalisation and expansion of direct effect……Page 430
(iii) Direct effect of Directives……Page 433
(iv) Vertical direct effect and the extension of the state……Page 442
(i) Establishment of the duty……Page 443
(ii) Extent of the duty……Page 446
(iii) When does the duty arise?……Page 449
(iv) Range of measures that national courts must take into account……Page 450
(i) ‘National procedural autonomy’ and its (partial) erosion……Page 452
(ii) Establishment of state liability……Page 456
(iii) Conditions for, and expansion of, state liability……Page 462
Further Reading……Page 470
1. Introduction……Page 472
2. Scope of judicial review under Article 230 EC……Page 474
3. Standing to seek judicial review under Article 230 EC……Page 478
(i) Privileged and semi-privileged applicants……Page 479
(ii) Non-privileged applicants: direct concern……Page 480
(a) The Plaumann formula……Page 482
(b) Individual concern and Regulations……Page 486
(c) A more generous approach?……Page 488
(d) Reform?……Page 491
(e) Nature of applicants: private parties and interest groups……Page 495
(i) Intensity of review……Page 498
(ii) Lack of competence……Page 499
(iii) Infringement of an essential procedural requirement……Page 501
(a) Right to be heard……Page 502
(b) Duty to give reasons……Page 508
(a) Proportionality……Page 510
(b) Legal certainty and legitimate expectation……Page 516
(vi) Consequences of annulment……Page 518
5. Liability under Article 288(2) EC……Page 519
Further reading……Page 525
INDEX……Page 527