The Gale Encyclopedia Of Mental Disorders

Ellen Thackery, Madeline Harris0787657689, 9780787657680

Table of contents :
Cover Page……Page 1
Title Page – Volume 1……Page 3
Title Page – Volume 2……Page 4
© 2003 by Gale……Page 5
CONTENTS……Page 6
C……Page 7
I……Page 8
R……Page 9
Z……Page 10
PLEASE READ—IMPORTANT INFORMATION……Page 11
INTRODUCTION……Page 12
ADVISORY BOARD……Page 14
CONTRIBUTORS……Page 15
Description……Page 17
Definitions……Page 18
Definition……Page 24
Purpose……Page 25
Description……Page 26
Abnormal results……Page 28
Causes and symptoms……Page 29
Treatments……Page 31
Prevention……Page 33
Demographics……Page 34
Treatments……Page 35
Description……Page 36
Causes and symptoms……Page 37
Diagnosis……Page 38
Prognosis……Page 39
Description……Page 40
Description……Page 41
Causes and symptoms……Page 42
Diagnosis……Page 44
Prevention……Page 45
Description……Page 46
Causes and symptoms……Page 48
Treatments……Page 49
Prevention……Page 50
Precautions……Page 51
Description……Page 52
Causes and symptoms……Page 56
Diagnosis……Page 58
Treatments……Page 59
Prevention……Page 60
Precautions……Page 62
Description……Page 63
Interactions……Page 64
Definition……Page 65
Causes and symptoms……Page 66
Treatments……Page 67
Recommended dosage……Page 68
Side effects……Page 69
Definition……Page 70
Interactions……Page 71
Description……Page 72
Causes and symptoms……Page 73
Demographics……Page 75
Prognosis……Page 76
Causes and symptoms……Page 77
Prognosis……Page 79
Description……Page 80
Causes and symptoms……Page 81
Demographics……Page 82
Prevention……Page 83
Definition……Page 84
Diagnosis……Page 85
Prevention……Page 86
Description……Page 87
Purpose……Page 88
Description……Page 89
Risks……Page 90
Abnormal results……Page 91
Description……Page 92
Description……Page 93
Medications for weight loss……Page 94
Definition……Page 96
Description……Page 97
Abnormal results……Page 98
Description……Page 99
Demographics……Page 100
Diagnosis……Page 101
Treatments……Page 102
Prevention……Page 103
Purpose……Page 104
Normal results……Page 105
Purpose……Page 106
Preparation……Page 108
Description……Page 109
Diagnosis……Page 110
Treatment……Page 111
Prognosis……Page 112
Description……Page 113
Causes and symptoms……Page 114
Diagnosis……Page 116
Treatments……Page 117
Purpose……Page 118
Precautions……Page 119
Description……Page 120
Abnormal results……Page 121
Causes and symptoms……Page 122
Treatments……Page 123
Prevention……Page 124
Precautions……Page 125
Interactions……Page 126
Results……Page 127
Description……Page 128
Precautions……Page 129
Description……Page 130
Description……Page 131
Side effects……Page 132
Recommended dosage……Page 133
Purpose……Page 134
Aftercare……Page 135
Symptoms and treatments……Page 136
Purpose……Page 137
Description……Page 138
Abnormal results……Page 140
Description……Page 141
Interactions……Page 142
Description……Page 143
Diagnosis……Page 144
Treatment……Page 145
Definition……Page 147
Description……Page 148
Description……Page 149
Causes and symptoms……Page 150
Treatments……Page 151
Prevention……Page 152
Purpose……Page 153
Description……Page 154
Abnormal results……Page 157
Causes and symptoms……Page 158
Prognosis……Page 159
The diencephalon……Page 160
Studying the brain……Page 161
Description……Page 163
Causes and symptoms……Page 164
Prognosis……Page 165
Description……Page 166
Causes and symptoms……Page 167
Treatments……Page 168
Definition……Page 169
Description……Page 170
Causes and symptoms……Page 171
Diagnosis……Page 173
Treatments……Page 174
Prevention……Page 175
Recommended dosage……Page 177
Interactions……Page 178
Recommended dosage……Page 179
Interactions……Page 180
Definition……Page 181
Description……Page 182
Causes and symptoms……Page 183
Treatments……Page 184
Definition……Page 185
Description……Page 186
Demographics……Page 187
Prognosis……Page 188
Description……Page 189
Interactions……Page 190
Purpose……Page 191
Models of case management……Page 192
Conclusion……Page 193
Description……Page 194
Description……Page 195
Demographics……Page 197
Prognosis……Page 198
Purpose……Page 199
Recommended dosage……Page 200
Purpose……Page 201
Results……Page 202
Causes and symptoms……Page 203
Diagnosis……Page 204
Precautions……Page 205
Description……Page 206
Definition……Page 207
Side effects……Page 208
Precautions……Page 209
Purpose……Page 210
Precautions……Page 211
Interactions……Page 212
Causes and symptoms……Page 213
Diagnosis……Page 214
Prevention……Page 215
Side effects……Page 216
Purpose……Page 217
Definition……Page 218
Recommended dosage……Page 219
Interactions……Page 220
Recommended dosage……Page 221
Description……Page 222
Side effects……Page 223
Description……Page 224
Description……Page 225
Precautions……Page 226
Interactions……Page 227
Description……Page 228
Causes and symptoms……Page 230
Demographics……Page 231
Treatments……Page 232
Prevention……Page 234
Description……Page 235
Definition……Page 236
Description……Page 237
Purpose……Page 238
Preparation……Page 239
Description……Page 240
Preparation……Page 241
Description……Page 242
Results……Page 244
Definition……Page 245
Health providers and consumers……Page 247
Purpose……Page 249
Description……Page 250
Aftercare……Page 252
Description……Page 253
Causes and symptoms……Page 254
Prevention……Page 255
Definition……Page 256
Description……Page 257
Causes and symptoms……Page 259
Diagnosis……Page 260
Prognosis……Page 261
Prevention……Page 262
Description……Page 263
Preparation……Page 264
Purpose……Page 265
Description……Page 266
Description……Page 267
Aftercare……Page 268
Abnormal results……Page 269
Description……Page 270
Description……Page 271
Critical incident stress debriefing and management……Page 273
Medical crisis counseling……Page 274
Causes and symptoms……Page 275
Diagnosis……Page 276
Prevention……Page 277
History……Page 279
Experience and adjustment……Page 280
Causes and symptoms……Page 281
Diagnosis……Page 283
Prognosis……Page 284
Description……Page 285
Diagnosis……Page 287
Prevention……Page 288
Types……Page 289
Causes and symptoms……Page 291
Demographics……Page 294
Diagnosis……Page 295
Prognosis……Page 296
Theory of denial……Page 297
Examples of denial……Page 298
Definition……Page 299
Causes and symptoms……Page 300
Treatments……Page 301
Definition……Page 302
Description……Page 303
Causes and symptoms……Page 304
Demographics……Page 305
Prevention……Page 306
Description……Page 307
Description……Page 309
Side effects……Page 310
Precautions……Page 311
Description……Page 312
Aftercare……Page 315
Abnormal results……Page 316
Causes and symptoms……Page 317
Diagnosis……Page 318
Prevention……Page 319
Nature and purposes……Page 320
Background of DSM……Page 322
Critiques of DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR……Page 323
Alternative nosologies……Page 324
Recommended dosage……Page 325
Interactions……Page 326
Special diets for specific disorders……Page 327
Dietary considerations and medications……Page 329
Definition……Page 331
Purpose……Page 332
Definition……Page 333
Definition……Page 334
Treatments……Page 335
Description……Page 336
Definition……Page 337
Demographics……Page 339
Treatments……Page 340
Prevention……Page 341
Demographics……Page 342
Definition……Page 343
Description……Page 344
Causes and symptoms……Page 345
Diagnosis……Page 346
Prevention……Page 347
Precautions……Page 348
Purpose……Page 349
Precautions……Page 350
Description……Page 351
Definition……Page 352
Recommended dosage……Page 353
Interactions……Page 354
Demographics……Page 355
Description……Page 356
Demographics……Page 357
Description……Page 358
Causes and symptoms……Page 359
Prognosis……Page 360
Prevention……Page 361
Precautions……Page 363
Description……Page 364
Normal results……Page 367
Purpose……Page 368
Risks……Page 369
Abnormal results……Page 370
Description……Page 371
Definition……Page 372
Treatments……Page 373
Definition……Page 374
Precautions……Page 375
Description……Page 376
Abnormal results……Page 379
Causes and symptoms……Page 380
Diagnosis……Page 381
Prevention……Page 382
Description……Page 383
Causes and symptoms……Page 384
Diagnosis……Page 385
Treatment……Page 386
Recommended dosage……Page 387
Definition……Page 388
Recommended dosage……Page 389
Description……Page 390
Causes and symptoms……Page 392
Diagnosis……Page 394
Treatments……Page 395
Prevention……Page 396
Purpose……Page 397
Description……Page 398
Normal results……Page 401
Causes and symptoms……Page 402
Prevention……Page 403
Description……Page 405
Demographics……Page 407
Prognosis……Page 408
Purpose……Page 409
Results……Page 410
Description……Page 411
Results……Page 412
Description……Page 413
Preparation……Page 414
Introduction……Page 415
Major sources of chronic fatigue……Page 416
Managing fatigue……Page 418
Causes and symptoms……Page 419
Treatments……Page 420
Description……Page 421
Demographics……Page 422
Prevention……Page 423
Causes and symptoms……Page 424
Diagnosis……Page 425
Definition……Page 426
Treatments……Page 427
Purpose……Page 428
Description……Page 429
Description……Page 430
Interactions……Page 431
Side effects……Page 432
Interactions……Page 433
Recommended dosage……Page 434
Precautions……Page 435
Definition……Page 436
Treatments……Page 437
Prevention……Page 438
Side effects……Page 439
Recommended dosage……Page 440
Definition……Page 441
Description……Page 442
Causes and symptoms……Page 443
Diagnosis……Page 444
Prevention……Page 445
Gender theories……Page 446
Women’s issues……Page 448
Men’s issues……Page 449
Mental health……Page 450
Description……Page 451
Causes and symptoms……Page 453
Treatments……Page 454
Prevention……Page 455
Introduction and overview……Page 456
Genetic causality in mental disorders……Page 457
Genetic epidemiology……Page 462
Clinical applications of biological psychiatry……Page 463
Ethical concerns……Page 464
Purpose……Page 465
Results……Page 466
Purpose……Page 467
Description……Page 468
Normal results……Page 470
Description……Page 471
Interactions……Page 472
Recommended dosages……Page 473
Interactions……Page 474
Description……Page 475
Definition……Page 477
Preparation……Page 478
Description……Page 479
History and mission……Page 480
Factors affecting group home success……Page 481
Description……Page 482
Definition……Page 487
Description……Page 488
Abnormal results……Page 489
Types……Page 491
Description……Page 493
Causes and symptoms……Page 495
Diagnosis……Page 496
Prevention……Page 497
Precautions……Page 498
Definition……Page 499
Purpose……Page 500
Results……Page 503
Purpose……Page 504
Precautions……Page 505
Definition……Page 506
Description……Page 507
Precautions……Page 508
Historical area……Page 509
Causes and symptoms……Page 510
Demographics……Page 512
Treatments……Page 513
Prevention……Page 514
Difficulties in estimating numbers of people who experience homelessness……Page 515
History……Page 516
Homeless service agencies……Page 517
How to help the homeless mentally ill……Page 518
Precautions……Page 519
Definition……Page 520
Results……Page 521
Causes and symptoms……Page 522
Definition……Page 523
Precautions……Page 524
Description……Page 525
Preparation……Page 526
Abnormal results……Page 527
Causes and symptoms……Page 528
Treatments……Page 529
Description……Page 530
Causes and symptoms……Page 531
Diagnosis……Page 532
Prevention……Page 533
Major imaging techniques in mental health……Page 535
Description……Page 536
Precautions……Page 537
Interactions……Page 538
Definition……Page 539
Viewpoints……Page 540
Definition……Page 541
Causes and symptoms……Page 542
Demographics……Page 543
Treatments……Page 544
Description……Page 545
Diagnosis……Page 546
Treatments……Page 547
Precautions……Page 548
Results……Page 549
Causes and symptoms……Page 550
Diagnosis……Page 551
Prevention……Page 552
Causes and symptoms……Page 553
Diagnosis……Page 554
Prevention……Page 555
Description……Page 556
Abnormal results……Page 559
Description……Page 560
Preparation……Page 561
Purpose……Page 562
Description……Page 563
Risks……Page 564
J……Page 567
Description……Page 569
Results……Page 570
Description……Page 571
Purpose……Page 572
Description……Page 573
Definition……Page 574
Side effects……Page 575
Description……Page 576
Diagnosis……Page 577
Prevention……Page 578
Interactions……Page 579
Definition……Page 580
Description……Page 581
Definition……Page 583
Purpose……Page 584
Description……Page 585
Preparation……Page 586
Recommended dosage……Page 587
Side effects……Page 588
Recommended dosage……Page 589
Purpose……Page 590
Side effects……Page 591
Description……Page 592
Results……Page 593
Purpose……Page 595
Precautions……Page 596
Description……Page 597
Risks……Page 598
Description……Page 599
Causes and symptoms……Page 600
Diagnosis……Page 602
Treatments……Page 603
Prevention……Page 605
Description……Page 606
Causes and symptoms……Page 607
Treatments……Page 608
Description……Page 609
Purpose……Page 610
Description……Page 611
Future directions……Page 612
Description……Page 613
Interactions……Page 614
Description……Page 615
Causes and symptoms……Page 617
Prevention……Page 618
Description……Page 619
Causes and symptoms……Page 620
Diagnosis……Page 621
Treatments……Page 622
Purpose……Page 623
Precautions……Page 624
Description……Page 625
Normal results……Page 626
Definition……Page 627
Description……Page 628
Causes and symptoms……Page 629
Diagnosis……Page 630
Prevention……Page 631
Precautions……Page 632
Interactions……Page 633
Description……Page 634
Definition……Page 635
Recommended dosage……Page 636
Purpose……Page 637
Description……Page 638
Precautions……Page 639
Description……Page 640
Definition……Page 641
Interactions……Page 642
Causes and symptoms……Page 643
Diagnosis……Page 644
Purpose……Page 645
Description……Page 646
Normal results……Page 648
Precautions……Page 649
Interactions……Page 650
Description……Page 651
Purpose……Page 652
Description……Page 653
Normal results……Page 655
Recommended dosage……Page 657
Interactions……Page 658
Description……Page 659
Causes and symptoms……Page 660
Demographics……Page 662
Treatments……Page 663
Description……Page 664
Causes and symptoms……Page 665
Prevention……Page 666
Precautions……Page 667
Description……Page 668
Effects of neglect……Page 669
Definition……Page 670
Description……Page 671
Description……Page 672
Mechanism of impulse transmission……Page 673
Neurotransmitters, mental disorders, and medications……Page 675
Causes and symptoms……Page 676
Demographics……Page 678
Treatments……Page 679
Description……Page 681
Causes and symptoms……Page 682
Purpose……Page 683
Recommended dosage……Page 684
Interactions……Page 685
Carbohydrates and mental health……Page 686
Proteins and mental health……Page 687
Vitamins and mental health……Page 688
Minerals and mental health……Page 690
Description……Page 691
Causes and symptoms……Page 695
Diagnosis……Page 696
Definition……Page 700
Description……Page 701
Causes and symptoms……Page 702
Treatments……Page 705
Prognosis……Page 706
Description……Page 707
Causes and symptoms……Page 708
Treatments……Page 709
Prevention……Page 710
Precautions……Page 711
Definition……Page 712
Causes and symptoms……Page 713
Demographics……Page 714
Treatments……Page 715
Prevention……Page 716
Description……Page 717
Diagnosis……Page 718
Prognosis……Page 719
History of theories about mental illness……Page 720
Current theories about the origin of mental disorders……Page 722
Purpose……Page 726
Side effects……Page 727
Interactions……Page 728
Causes and symptoms……Page 729
Diagnosis……Page 730
Treatments……Page 731
Definition……Page 732
Definition……Page 733
Causes and symptoms……Page 734
Diagnosis……Page 736
Treatments……Page 737
Description……Page 738
Causes of paranoia……Page 739
Definition……Page 740
Causes and symptoms……Page 741
Diagnosis……Page 742
Treatments……Page 743
Prevention……Page 744
Description……Page 745
Definition……Page 746
Description……Page 747
Normal results……Page 748
Description……Page 749
Interactions……Page 750
Purpose……Page 751
Interactions……Page 752
Causes and symptoms……Page 753
Diagnosis……Page 754
Prevention……Page 755
Demographics……Page 756
Diagnosis……Page 757
Prevention……Page 758
Aggression in peer groups……Page 759
Interventions……Page 760
Side effects……Page 761
Precautions……Page 762
Definition……Page 763
Description……Page 764
Description……Page 765
Abnormal results……Page 767
Description……Page 768
Description……Page 769
Causes and symptoms……Page 770
Diagnosis……Page 771
Description……Page 772
Side effects……Page 773
Description……Page 774
Diagnosis……Page 775
Prevention……Page 776
Causes and symptoms……Page 777
Diagnosis……Page 778
Definition……Page 779
Description……Page 780
Purpose……Page 781
Precautions……Page 782
Abnormal results……Page 783
Purpose……Page 784
Causes and symptoms……Page 786
Definition……Page 787
Purpose……Page 788
Abnormal results……Page 789
Causes and symptoms……Page 790
Prevention……Page 791
Demographics……Page 792
Causes and symptoms……Page 793
Diagnosis……Page 794
Treatments……Page 795
Prognosis……Page 796
Causes……Page 797
Symptoms……Page 798
Purpose……Page 799
Description……Page 800
Description……Page 801
Interactions……Page 802
Signs and symptoms……Page 803
Definition……Page 804
Purpose……Page 805
Description……Page 806
Abnormal results……Page 807
Description……Page 808
Normal results……Page 809
Description……Page 810
Description……Page 811
Description……Page 812
Description……Page 814
Definition……Page 815
Description……Page 816
Conclusions……Page 817
Description……Page 818
Causes and symptoms……Page 819
Diagnosis……Page 820
Prevention……Page 821
Side effects……Page 823
Precautions……Page 824
Interactions……Page 825
Aftercare……Page 827
Causes and symptoms……Page 828
Treatments……Page 829
Description……Page 830
Causes and symptoms……Page 831
Demographics……Page 832
Prevention……Page 833
Purpose……Page 834
Description……Page 835
Abnormal results……Page 837
Types of respite……Page 838
Barriers to using respite services……Page 839
Causes and symptoms……Page 841
Diagnosis……Page 842
Prevention……Page 843
Precautions……Page 844
Description……Page 845
Interactions……Page 846
Description……Page 847
Results……Page 848
Definition……Page 849
Interactions……Page 850
Demographics……Page 851
Prevention……Page 852
Precautions……Page 853
Definition……Page 854
Causes and symptoms……Page 855
Diagnosis……Page 856
Prevention……Page 857
Description……Page 858
Demographics……Page 859
Prognosis……Page 860
Description……Page 861
Causes and symptoms……Page 864
Demographics……Page 866
Diagnosis……Page 867
Treatments……Page 868
Prevention……Page 869
Definition……Page 870
Description……Page 871
Causes and symptoms……Page 872
Treatments……Page 873
Causes and symptoms……Page 874
Demographics……Page 875
Treatments……Page 876
Description……Page 877
Prognosis……Page 878
Causes and symptoms……Page 879
Diagnosis……Page 880
Prevention……Page 881
Causes and symptoms……Page 882
Treatments……Page 884
Description……Page 885
Causes and symptoms……Page 886
Treatments……Page 887
Description……Page 888
Abnormal results……Page 891
Types of self-help groups……Page 892
Features of self-help groups……Page 893
Limitations……Page 894
Conclusion……Page 895
Description……Page 896
Causes and symptoms……Page 897
Diagnosis……Page 898
Treatments……Page 899
Prevention……Page 900
Precautions……Page 901
Definition……Page 902
Diagnosis……Page 903
Prognosis……Page 904
Description……Page 905
Causes and symptoms……Page 906
Prevention……Page 907
Causes and symptoms……Page 908
Diagnosis……Page 909
Prevention……Page 910
Description……Page 911
Description……Page 912
Diagnosis……Page 913
Description……Page 914
Description……Page 915
Causes and symptoms……Page 916
Treatments……Page 917
Description……Page 918
Diagnosis……Page 919
Definition……Page 920
Description……Page 921
Causes and symptoms……Page 922
Demographics……Page 923
Diagnosis……Page 924
Treatments……Page 925
Prevention……Page 926
Purpose……Page 927
Description……Page 928
Preparation……Page 929
Normal results……Page 930
Description……Page 931
Causes and symptoms……Page 933
Diagnosis……Page 934
Prevention……Page 935
Causes and symptoms……Page 936
Demographics……Page 938
Diagnosis……Page 939
Treatments……Page 940
Prevention……Page 941
Description……Page 942
Recommended dosage……Page 943
Definition……Page 944
Description……Page 945
Description……Page 946
Demographics……Page 947
Definitions……Page 948
The nature of stigma……Page 949
Stigma and mental illness……Page 950
The results of stigma……Page 951
Future prospects……Page 952
The neurobiology of stress……Page 953
Physical effects of chronic stress……Page 955
Causes of stress……Page 956
Coping with stress……Page 958
Definition……Page 959
Causes and symptoms……Page 960
Diagnosis……Page 962
Treatment……Page 963
Prevention……Page 964
Description……Page 965
Diagnosis……Page 966
Prognosis……Page 967
Description……Page 968
Definition……Page 969
Results……Page 970
Causes and symptoms……Page 971
Prevention……Page 972
Causes and symptoms……Page 973
Diagnosis……Page 974
Demographics of suicide……Page 975
Causes……Page 977
Related issues……Page 978
Prevention……Page 979
Description……Page 980
Purpose……Page 982
Normal results……Page 983
Precautions……Page 985
Description……Page 986
Demographics……Page 987
Precautions……Page 988
Interactions……Page 989
Purpose……Page 990
Precautions……Page 991
Results……Page 993
Precautions……Page 994
Interactions……Page 995
Recommended dosage……Page 996
Side effects……Page 997
Description……Page 998
Causes and symptoms……Page 999
Diagnosis……Page 1001
Treatments……Page 1002
Prognosis……Page 1003
Purpose……Page 1004
Description……Page 1005
Abnormal results……Page 1006
Causes and symptoms……Page 1007
Prevention……Page 1008
Description……Page 1009
Interactions……Page 1010
Recommended dosage……Page 1011
Side effects……Page 1012
Precautions……Page 1013
Description……Page 1014
Diagnosis……Page 1015
Prevention……Page 1016
Precautions……Page 1017
Interactions……Page 1018
Recommended dosage……Page 1019
Interactions……Page 1020
Precautions……Page 1021
Interactions……Page 1022
Diagnosis……Page 1023
Prevention……Page 1024
Definition……Page 1025
Diagnosis……Page 1027
Treatment……Page 1028
Description……Page 1029
Precautions……Page 1030
Recommended dosage……Page 1031
Interactions……Page 1032
Demographics……Page 1033
Prevention……Page 1034
Recommended dosage……Page 1035
Interactions……Page 1036
Description……Page 1037
Risks……Page 1038
Description……Page 1039
Demographics……Page 1040
Prevention……Page 1041
Description……Page 1043
Results……Page 1044
Purpose……Page 1045
Precautions……Page 1046
Definition……Page 1047
Causes and symptoms……Page 1048
Demographics……Page 1049
Treatments……Page 1050
Prevention……Page 1051
Description……Page 1052
X……Page 1055
Purpose……Page 1057
Precautions……Page 1058
Abnormal results……Page 1060
Precautions……Page 1061
Recommended dosage……Page 1062
Interactions……Page 1063
Precautions……Page 1064
Interactions……Page 1065
B……Page 1067
F……Page 1068
L……Page 1069
S……Page 1070
W……Page 1071
Y……Page 0
A……Page 1073
B……Page 1077
C……Page 1079
D……Page 1083
E……Page 1086
F……Page 1088
G……Page 1089
H……Page 1090
I……Page 1093
K……Page 1094
M……Page 1095
N……Page 1098
O……Page 1099
P……Page 1100
R……Page 1105
S……Page 1107
T……Page 1110
V……Page 1113
Y……Page 1114
A……Page 1115
B……Page 1123
C……Page 1126
D……Page 1133
E……Page 1139
F……Page 1142
G……Page 1145
H……Page 1147
I……Page 1150
K……Page 1152
L……Page 1153
M……Page 1155
N……Page 1160
O……Page 1163
P……Page 1164
R……Page 1171
S……Page 1173
T……Page 1183
V……Page 1186
W……Page 1187
Y……Page 1188
Z……Page 1189