Facts On File Encyclopedia Of Health And Medicine

James Chambers, Lee Ann Chearney, Deborah S. Romaine, Candace B., Ph.D. Levy, Cathy S. Jewell9780816060634, 0-8160-6063-0

“The Facts On File Encyclopedia of Health and Medicine” is a comprehensive, four-volume reference perfect for a wide audience – from students to health professionals to lay readers – looking for reliable, accurate, accessible health information. Under direction of the Medical Advisory Review Panel, this authoritative, reference features contributions from a diverse group of medical professionals – including psychologists, dermatologists, pulmonary and critical care specialists, gynecologists, cardiologists, ophthalmologists, gastroenterologists, and many others. A wide range of topics are covered, from infancy to old age, paying attention to differences between genders and ethnic groups. Related body systems are grouped together in Volume 1 through Volume 3, with general health information in Volume 4. Each section is organized A to Z and provides an invaluable overview, discussing history, current research, and breakthroughs. All four volumes are extensively cross-referenced (both within the volume and with the other volumes). Each volume includes an index. A separate index in Volume 4 includes entries from all four volumes, and Volume 4 also includes several appendixes and lists of helpful resources. Its coverage includes: Volume 1: Ear, Nose, Mouth, and Throat; Eyes; Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System; Integumentary System: Skin, Hair, and Nails; and Pain Management. Volume 2: Cardiovascular System; Blood; Pulmonary System; Immune System and Allergies; Infectious Diseases; Cancer. Volume 3: Gastrointestinal System; Endocrine System; Urinary System; Reproductive Systems (female and male); Psychiatric Disorders and Psychologic Conditions. Volume 4: Preventive Medicine; Alternative and Complementary Approaches; Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Drugs; Nutrition and Diet; Fitness: Exercise and Health; Human Relations; Surgery; Lifestyle Variables: Smoking and Obesity; Substance Abuse; Emergency and First Aid. The Appendixes include: Vital Signs; Advance Directives; Glossary of Medical Terms; Abbreviations and Symbols; Medical Specialties and Allied Health Fields; Concise Notable Biographies; Modern Medicine Timeline; Resources; and others.

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Table of contents :
Facts On File The Encyclopedia of Health And Medicine Vol 4……Page 1
CONTENTS, Volume 4 (with links)……Page 3
Fitness: Exercise and Health……Page 11
Appendixes and Cumulative Index to Volumes 1-4……Page 12
Traditions in Preventive Medicine History……Page 13
Individual Health Factors……Page 14
Contemporary Issues and Challenges……Page 15
Breakthrough Research and Treatment Advances……Page 16
accidental injuries……Page 17
antibiotic prophylaxis……Page 19
antismoking efforts……Page 20
birth defects……Page 21
building-related illness……Page 24
cardiovascular disease prevention……Page 26
community sanitation……Page 29
drinking water standards……Page 31
environmental cigarette smoke……Page 34
ergonomics……Page 35
fluoridation……Page 36
health insurance……Page 38
health risk factors……Page 39
heavy-metal poisoning……Page 42
hepatitis prevention……Page 43
HIV/AIDS prevention……Page 44
influenza prevention……Page 46
lifestyle and health……Page 49
occupational health and safety……Page 51
personal health history……Page 52
poison prevention……Page 53
preventive health care and immunization……Page 54
radon exposure……Page 55
routine medical examination……Page 56
sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention……Page 58
substance abuse prevention……Page 59
trauma prevention……Page 60
water safety……Page 61
youth high-risk behavior……Page 62
Context and Perspective……Page 63
Historical Traditions in Alternative Healing Systems……Page 64
Science Meets Tradition: Evidence and Standards……Page 65
Breakthrough Research and Treatment Advances
……Page 66
acupuncture……Page 68
anti-aging approaches……Page 69
art therapy……Page 70
Ayurveda……Page 71
biofeedback……Page 72
boswellia……Page 73
chelation therapy……Page 74
chiropractic……Page 75
coenzyme Q10……Page 76
craniosacral massage……Page 77
dong quai……Page 78
feverfew……Page 79
flower essences……Page 80
garlic……Page 81
ginkgo biloba……Page 82
ginseng……Page 83
glucosamine……Page 84
green tea……Page 85
homeopathy……Page 87
human growth hormone (hGH) supplement……Page 88
hypnosis……Page 89
integrative medicine……Page 90
magnet therapy……Page 93
medicinal herbs and botanicals……Page 94
melatonin……Page 100
milk thistle……Page 101
mind-body interactions……Page 102
naturopathy……Page 103
nutritional therapy……Page 104
osteopathy……Page 105
phytoestrogens……Page 106
reflexology……Page 107
Reiki……Page 108
SAMe……Page 109
soy……Page 110
Sun’s Soup……Page 111
traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)……Page 113
vitamin and mineral therapy……Page 116
yohimbe/yohimbine……Page 118
zeaxanthin……Page 119
Functions of Genetics……Page 121
Health and Disorders of Genetics……Page 122
Breakthrough Research and Treatment Advances……Page 123
apoptosis……Page 125
autosome……Page 126
cell structure and function……Page 127
chromatid……Page 128
chromosomal disorders……Page 129
chromosome……Page 130
cloning……Page 131
cystic fibrosis……Page 132
Down syndrome……Page 134
ethical issues in genetics and molecular medicine……Page 136
familial Mediterranean fever……Page 137
fragile X syndrome……Page 138
gene therapy……Page 139
genetic disorders……Page 140
genetic predisposition……Page 141
genetic testing……Page 142
G6PD deficiency……Page 143
inheritance patterns……Page 144
karyotype……Page 145
mosaicism……Page 146
nucleotide……Page 147
phenylketonuria (PKU)……Page 148
porphyria……Page 149
progeria……Page 150
RNA……Page 151
stem cell……Page 152
stem cell therapy……Page 153
Tay-Sachs disease……Page 154
variation……Page 155
zygote……Page 156
Drug Controls and Regulations……Page 157
Challenges in Pharmaceutical Therapy……Page 158
Breakthrough Research and Treatment Advances……Page 159
adverse drug reaction……Page 160
aging, effects on drug metabolism and drug response……Page 161
antibiotic resistance……Page 162
antitoxin……Page 163
antivenin……Page 164
cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes……Page 165
drug interaction……Page 166
generic drug……Page 170
investigational new drug (IND)……Page 171
narrow therapeutic index (NTI)……Page 173
orphan drug……Page 175
overdose……Page 176
over-the-counter (OTC) drug……Page 178
pharmacokinetics……Page 180
route of administration……Page 181
scheduled drug……Page 182
side effect……Page 183
trough level……Page 184
Making the Connection between Diet and Health……Page 186
Current Challenges and Future Directions
……Page 187
aging, nutrition and dietary changes that occur with……Page 188
appetite……Page 189
beriberi……Page 191
carbohydrate intolerance……Page 192
cholesterol, dietary……Page 193
enteral nutrition……Page 194
hunger……Page 195
hydration……Page 196
malnutrition……Page 197
minerals and health……Page 198
nutrients……Page 202
nutritional assessment……Page 205
nutritional needs……Page 206
nutritional supplements……Page 208
pellagra……Page 210
rickets……Page 211
scurvy……Page 213
starvation……Page 214
vitamins and health……Page 216
Making the Connection between Physical Activity and Health……Page 222
Fitness for Health: Public Health Goals……Page 223
aerobic exercise……Page 225
aging, changes in physical ability and fitness needs that occur with……Page 226
blister prevention……Page 227
conditioning……Page 229
cross training……Page 230
endurance……Page 232
exercise and health……Page 233
flat feet……Page 234
flexibility……Page 236
metabolism……Page 237
physical activity recommendations……Page 240
resistance exercise……Page 241
sports drinks and foods……Page 243
strength……Page 244
training……Page 245
warmup……Page 247
weekend warrior……Page 249
Interventions to Treat or Prevent Disease……Page 250
anger and anger management……Page 252
child abuse……Page 254
cultural and ethnic health-care perspectives……Page 255
elder abuse……Page 256
end of life concerns……Page 258
grief……Page 259
interpersonal relationships……Page 260
parenting……Page 261
problem solving and conflict resolution……Page 262
sexual assault……Page 263
spiritual beliefs and health care……Page 264
stress and stress management……Page 265
support groups……Page 266
workplace stress……Page 267
Surgery Comes of Age……Page 269
Antisepsis: Making Surgery Safe……Page 270
Breakthrough Research and Surgical Advances……Page 271
anesthesia……Page 272
bloodless surgery……Page 275
endoscopic surgery……Page 276
laser surgery……Page 277
minimally invasive surgery……Page 278
operation……Page 280
organ transplantation……Page 282
plastic surgery……Page 286
postoperative procedures……Page 287
preoperative procedures……Page 288
surgery benefit and risk assessment……Page 289
wound care……Page 292
Lifestyle and Smoking……Page 294
Lifestyle and Obesity……Page 295
bariatric surgery……Page 296
body fat percentage……Page 300
body mass index (BMI)……Page 301
childhood obesity……Page 303
dieting……Page 305
eating habits……Page 306
food cravings……Page 307
nicotine replacement……Page 309
obesity……Page 311
obesity and health……Page 313
smoking and health……Page 315
smoking cessation……Page 316
tobacco use other than smoking……Page 318
upper arm circumference……Page 319
waist to hip ratio……Page 320
weight loss and weight management……Page 321
Health Implications of Substance Abuse……Page 323
Special Risks: Substance Abuse During Pregnancy……Page 324
Advances in Knowledge and Treatment……Page 325
addiction……Page 326
alcohol……Page 327
alcohol interactions with medications……Page 330
alcoholism……Page 331
alkyl nitrites……Page 332
anabolic steroids and steroid precursors……Page 333
barbiturates……Page 335
blood doping……Page 336
buprenorphine……Page 337
cannabis……Page 338
chloral hydrate……Page 339
cocaine……Page 340
dependence……Page 342
depressants……Page 343
dextromethorphan……Page 344
disulfiram……Page 345
fetal alcohol syndrome……Page 346
glutethimide……Page 348
hallucinogens……Page 349
heroin……Page 350
hypnotics……Page 351
injecting drugs, risks of……Page 352
intoxication……Page 353
methamphetamine……Page 354
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)……Page 355
narcotics……Page 356
nicotine……Page 357
organic solvents……Page 359
phencyclidine (PCP)……Page 360
Rohypnol……Page 361
stimulants……Page 362
substance abuse treatment……Page 363
tolerance……Page 365
withdrawal syndrome……Page 366
Rule One: First Summon Emergency Personnel……Page 367
Learn More……Page 368
body substance isolation……Page 369
responder safety and personal protection……Page 370
symptom assessment and care triage……Page 371
avulsion……Page 373
bleeding control……Page 374
burns……Page 375
impalement……Page 376
lacerations……Page 377
puncture wound……Page 378
soft tissue injuries……Page 379
cold water drowning……Page 380
warm water drowning……Page 381
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)……Page 383
Heimlich maneuver……Page 384
dehydration……Page 386
hypothermia……Page 387
gunshot wounds……Page 389
motor vehicle accidents……Page 390
trauma to the eye……Page 391
traumatic amputation……Page 392
bites and stings……Page 393
contact toxins……Page 394
ingested toxins……Page 395
inhaled toxins……Page 396
injected toxins……Page 397
Radiation and Biochemical Injuries……Page 398
APPENDIXES……Page 399
APPENDIX I: VITAL SIGNS……Page 401
APPENDIX II: ADVANCE DIRECTIVES……Page 402
APPENDIX III: GLOSSARY OF MEDICAL TERMS……Page 403
APPENDIX IV: ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS……Page 406
APPENDIX V: MEDICAL SPECIALTIES AND ALLIED HEALTH FIELDS……Page 410
GENERAL……Page 411
VOLUME 1……Page 413
VOLUME 2……Page 416
VOLUME 3……Page 417
VOLUME 4……Page 419
APPENDIX VII: BIOGRAPHIES OF NOTABLE PERSONALITIES……Page 422
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)……Page 429
ultrasound……Page 430
X-ray……Page 431
APPENDIX IX: FAMILY MEDICAL TREE……Page 432
Preventive Health Care for Infants and Children……Page 434
Preventive Health Care for Adults……Page 435
APPENDIX XI: MODERN MEDICINE TIMELINE……Page 436
APPENDIX XII: NOBEL LAUREATES IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE……Page 437
Drugs and Medicines……Page 445
General Health and Medicine……Page 446
Immune Health and Disorders, Allergies, and Infectious Diseases……Page 447
Orthopedics, Sports Medicine, and Exercise……Page 448
Skin Health and Conditions……Page 449
MEDICAL ADVISORY REVIEW PANEL……Page 451
A……Page 455
B……Page 462
C……Page 467
D……Page 475
E……Page 478
F……Page 482
G……Page 483
H……Page 485
I……Page 490
K……Page 494
L……Page 495
M……Page 498
N……Page 502
O……Page 504
P……Page 507
Q,R……Page 512
S……Page 514
T……Page 519
U……Page 522
V……Page 523
W……Page 524
Z……Page 525