Newnes Guide to Digital TV

Richard Brice9780750657211, 0-7506-5721-9

The second edition has been updated with all the key developments of the past three years, and includes new and expanded sections on digital video interfaces, DSP, DVD, video servers, automation systems, HDTV, 8-VSB modulation and the ATSC system.Richard Brice has worked as a senior design engineer in several of Europe’s top broadcast equipment companies and has his own music production company.* A uniquely concise and readable guide to the technology of digital television* New edition includes more information on HDTV (high definition) and ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committe) – the body that drew up the standards for Digital Television in the U.S.* Written by an engineer for engineers, technicians and technical staff

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Table of contents :
Preface to the second edition……Page 15
Preface to the first edition……Page 17
Why digital?……Page 19
Wide- screen pictures……Page 21
A ‘ packetized’ interface……Page 0
Associated services……Page 22
Receiver technology……Page 24
The future . . …….Page 25
A brief history of television……Page 26
The physics of light……Page 27
Physiology of the eye……Page 28
Psychology of vision ^ colour perception……Page 30
Metamerism ^ the great colour swindle……Page 31
The physics of sound……Page 32
Transients……Page 34
Physiology of the ear……Page 35
Psychology of hearing……Page 36
Masking……Page 37
Temporalmasking……Page 38
Film and television……Page 39
Television……Page 40
H sync and V sync……Page 42
Colour television……Page 44
NTSC and PAL colour systems……Page 45
SECAMcolour system……Page 49
Shadowmask tube……Page 50
Vestigial sideband modulation……Page 51
Audio for television……Page 52
Recording television signals……Page 53
Colour under……Page 54
Longitudinal timecode……Page 56
TeletextTM……Page 58
Analogue high definition television ( HDTV)……Page 59
PALplus……Page 61
Data structure……Page 62
Display formats……Page 64
Digital fundamentals……Page 68
Theory……Page 69
Themechanismof sampling……Page 71
Quantization……Page 72
Digital-to-analogue conversion……Page 73
Dither……Page 74
Digital video interfaces……Page 75
Video timing reference signals (TRS)……Page 77
Filter templates……Page 79
Parallel digital interface……Page 80
Serial digital interface……Page 81
HDTV serial interface……Page 83
AES/EBU or IEC958 type 1 interface……Page 84
SPDIF or IEC958 type 2 interface……Page 85
Data……Page 86
TOSlink optical interface……Page 88
Unbalanced (75 ohm) AES interface……Page 89
Serial multi- channel audio digital interface ( MADI)……Page 90
Data format……Page 91
Scrambling and synchronization……Page 94
Embedded audio in video interface……Page 95
Error detection and handling……Page 98
EDH codeword generation……Page 99
EDH flags……Page 101
4 Digital signal processing……Page 103
Digital filtering……Page 104
Point operations……Page 106
Window operations……Page 107
Fourier transform……Page 111
Phase……Page 113
Windowing……Page 114
2- D Fourier transforms……Page 116
More about digital filtering and signal processing……Page 117
Impulse response……Page 118
FIR and IIR filters……Page 119
Design of digital filters……Page 120
Frequency response……Page 121
Derivation of band-pass and high-pass filters……Page 123
Designing an IIR filter……Page 124
IIR filter design example……Page 125
High-pass filter example……Page 127
Problems with digital signal processing……Page 128
Entropy, redundancy and artefacts……Page 130
Lossless compression……Page 131
De-correlation……Page 132
Lossless DPCM and lossy DPCM……Page 134
Frame differences and motion compensation……Page 135
Transform coding……Page 137
A practicalmix……Page 141
JPEG……Page 143
MPEG……Page 145
Levels and profiles……Page 146
Frames or fields……Page 147
MPEG coding……Page 149
MPEG coding hardware……Page 153
Statisticalmultiplexing……Page 154
DV, DVCAM and DVCPRO……Page 155
Compression based on logarithmic representation……Page 157
Psychoacoustic masking systems……Page 158
MPEG layer I compression (PASC)……Page 159
MPEG layer II audio coding (MUSICAM)……Page 160
Dolby AC- 3……Page 161
Digital line- up levels and metering……Page 163
The VUmeter……Page 164
The PPMmeter……Page 165
Opto-electronic level indication……Page 166
Digital line-up……Page 167
Switching and combining audio signals……Page 168
Soundmixer architecture……Page 169
Mixer automation……Page 170
Digital two-track recording……Page 171
Digitalmulti-tracks……Page 172
Digital audio workstations……Page 173
WAV files……Page 174
MPEG……Page 175
Dolby Surround……Page 176
Dynamic range compression……Page 179
IEC 61937 interface……Page 180
EditingMPEG layer II audio……Page 181
Swi4tching and combining video signals……Page 182
What is a video transition?……Page 184
The dissolve……Page 185
Wipes……Page 187
Keys……Page 188
Posterize……Page 189
Chroma-key……Page 190
Off- line editing……Page 192
Computer video standards……Page 193
Graphic file formats……Page 196
GIF……Page 197
Computer generated images (CGI) and animation……Page 198
Types of animation……Page 199
Paint-system functions……Page 200
Compositing……Page 206
Morphing and warping……Page 207
Rotorscoping……Page 208
3D graphics and animation……Page 209
Matrices……Page 210
Imaging……Page 212
Light……Page 213
Ray tracing……Page 215
Hard disk technology……Page 216
Other disk technologies……Page 217
IDE drives……Page 218
Firewire……Page 219
RAID……Page 220
RAID 3 (bit striping with parity)……Page 221
Media server……Page 222
The master control room……Page 223
Automation……Page 224
Editing and switching of MPEG-II bitstreams……Page 226
The ATLANTIC Project……Page 227
9 The MPEG multiplex……Page 228
The PES packet format……Page 229
Programassociation tables and programmap tables……Page 231
Synchronization and timing signals……Page 232
Presentation timestamps……Page 233
DVB service information……Page 234
SimulCrypt andMultiCrypt……Page 235
Randomization (scrambling)……Page 236
Reed-Solomon encoding……Page 237
Convolutional interleaving……Page 238
Synchronous parallel interface……Page 239
Synchronous serial interface……Page 240
The asynchronous serial interface……Page 241
Quadrature amplitude modulation……Page 243
Modulation for satellite and cable systems……Page 247
Convolutional or Viterbi coding……Page 248
Terrestrial transmission ^ DVB-T (COFDM) and US ATSC ( 8- VSB) systems……Page 249
Coded orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (COFDM)……Page 250
Adding a guard period to OFDMmodulation……Page 251
The advantages of COFDM……Page 252
8-VSBmodulation……Page 253
Hierarchical modulation……Page 255
Interoperability with ATM……Page 256
ATMcell and transport packet structures……Page 257
Receiver technology……Page 258
Current set-top box design……Page 260
Circuit descriptions……Page 261
Digital tuner……Page 271
COFDMfront-end for DTV-T……Page 275
D- VHS……Page 276
Track structure……Page 277
Data rates and picture formats……Page 278
Audio……Page 279
Regional codes……Page 280
The DVD player……Page 281
Copy generationmanagement system (CGMS)……Page 282
Content scrambling system……Page 283
DVD Recordable ( DVD- R)……Page 284
Golden rules……Page 285
DVD faults……Page 286
PSU faults……Page 287
Leaning forward and leaning back……Page 288
HTML documents……Page 289
Anchor tags……Page 290
MPEG-IV ^ object-oriented television coding……Page 291
Objects and scenes……Page 292
Virtual realitymodelling language (VRML)……Page 293
Practical VRML files……Page 300
MPEG- IV audio……Page 302
Structured audio orchestra language……Page 303
Text-to-speech systems……Page 304
Audio scenes……Page 306
MPEG- VII and metadata……Page 307
Index……Page 309