CCNP complete study guide

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ISBN: 9780782144215, 0-7821-4421-7

Size: 28 MB (29198205 bytes)

Pages: 1422/1422

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Wade Edwards, Terry Jack, Todd Lammle, Toby Skandier, Robert Padjen, Arthur Pfund, Carl Timm9780782144215, 0-7821-4421-7

The mid-level Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) certification validates advanced knowledge of Cisco-based networks. This single volume, from the leader in certification, provides complete and up-to-date coverage of all four exams required for the CCNP certification: 642-801, 642-811, 642-821, and 642-831. Not only is it handy to have all the necessary study information compiled in one guide, it is also the most economical self-study solution. The companion CD includes advanced testing engine containing chapter review questions and eight bonus exams, flashcards for PCs, Pocket PCs, and Palm devices, and the entire book in PDF.

Table of contents :
Cover……Page 2
Contents at a Glance……Page 7
Contents……Page 9
Introduction……Page 30
Part I Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI)……Page 42
Routing Principles……Page 44
Components of Routing Data……Page 45
Routing Tables……Page 46
Populating the Routing Table……Page 47
Reaching the Destination……Page 61
RIP Convergence……Page 64
IGRP Convergence……Page 66
EIGRP Convergence……Page 68
Link-State Convergence……Page 69
Verifying Routes……Page 70
Testing and Troubleshooting Routes……Page 71
Exam Essentials……Page 75
IP Addressing……Page 78
Review of IPv4 Addressing……Page 79
IP Terminology……Page 80
The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme……Page 81
Extending IP Addresses……Page 86
Variable-Length Subnet Masks……Page 87
Classless Interdomain Routing……Page 95
Route Summarization……Page 97
An Overview of IPv6 Addressing……Page 107
IPv6 Address Format……Page 108
IPv6 Address Types……Page 109
Exam Essentials……Page 114
Network Address Translation……Page 116
Address Translation……Page 117
NAT Terminology……Page 118
NAT Operations……Page 123
Configuring NAT……Page 129
Configuring Static NAT……Page 130
Configuring Dynamic NAT……Page 132
Configuring NAT Using Overloading……Page 133
Configuring TCP Load Distribution……Page 134
Configuring NAT for Overlapping Addresses……Page 135
Verifying and Troubleshooting the NAT Configuration……Page 136
Summary……Page 138
Exam Essentials……Page 139
IGRP and EIGRP……Page 140
Scalability Features of Routing Protocols……Page 141
Distance-Vector Protocol Scalability Issues……Page 142
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol……Page 143
IGRP Features and Operation……Page 144
IGRP Configuration……Page 152
Verifying and Troubleshooting IGRP……Page 155
Routing Protocol……Page 159
Neighbor Relationships……Page 160
Route Calculation……Page 161
EIGRP Metrics……Page 166
Configuring EIGRP……Page 169
Verifying and Troubleshooting EIGRP……Page 174
Summary……Page 180
Exam Essentials……Page 181
OSPF Operation in a Single Area……Page 182
Open Shortest Path First……Page 183
OSPF Terminology……Page 184
OSPF Operation……Page 186
NBMA Environments……Page 196
Broadcast……Page 197
Non-Broadcast……Page 198
Point-to-Multipoint……Page 199
Discovering the Network with OSPF……Page 200
Configuring OSPF—Single Area……Page 204
Configuring OSPF—Single Area (NBMA Environment)……Page 207
Verifying OSPF Configuration……Page 211
Summary……Page 214
Exam Essentials……Page 215
Interconnecting OSPF Areas……Page 216
OSPF Scalability……Page 217
OSPF Router Roles……Page 218
Link-State Advertisements……Page 220
OSPF Area Types……Page 222
Basic Multi-Area Configuration……Page 223
RouterC……Page 224
Stub Area Configuration……Page 225
RouterB……Page 226
Configuring OSPF for a Stub Area……Page 227
RouterB……Page 228
RouterD……Page 229
Not-So-Stubby Area Configuration……Page 230
RouterC……Page 231
Configuring OSPF for a Not-So-Stubby Area……Page 232
OSPF Virtual Links……Page 234
RouterA……Page 235
RouterC……Page 236
Route Information……Page 237
Link-State Database Information……Page 238
Routing Protocol Information……Page 239
Viewing Neighbor Information……Page 241
Summary……Page 243
Exam Essentials……Page 244
Integrated IS-IS……Page 246
to Intermediate System……Page 247
IS-IS Areas……Page 249
Network Entity Titles……Page 252
Neighbor and Adjacency Initialization……Page 253
Designated Router……Page 254
IS-IS PDUs……Page 256
SPF Algorithm……Page 258
Network Types……Page 259
Configuring IS-IS……Page 260
Route Information……Page 266
Link-State Database Information……Page 267
Routing Protocol Information……Page 269
Viewing Neighbor Information……Page 270
Viewing SPF Information……Page 271
Exam Essentials……Page 273
Border Gateway Protocol……Page 276
Border Gateway Protocol……Page 277
BGP Terminology……Page 278
BGP Operation……Page 279
Message Header Format……Page 280
OPEN Message……Page 281
UPDATE Message……Page 283
NOTIFICATION Message……Page 288
Neighbor Negotiation……Page 290
Route Selection……Page 293
BGP Synchronization……Page 297
When and When Not to Use BGP……Page 300
Minimal BGP Configuration……Page 301
iBGP and eBGP Configuration……Page 303
eBGP Multihop Configuration……Page 307
Injecting Routes into BGP……Page 309
the Operation of BGP……Page 313
Route Information……Page 314
Viewing Neighbor Information……Page 315
Debugging BGP Information……Page 317
Summary……Page 321
Exam Essentials……Page 322
Advanced Border Gateway Protocol……Page 324
Limitations of iBGP……Page 325
Route Reflection……Page 326
Configuring Route Reflection for iBGP……Page 329
Confederations……Page 334
Configuring Confederations……Page 337
BGP Filters……Page 341
Distribute Lists……Page 342
Prefix Lists……Page 343
Route Maps……Page 347
Communities……Page 350
Peer Groups……Page 352
Multi-homing……Page 357
Resolving Next-Hop Issues……Page 359
Route Aggregation……Page 360
Exam Essentials……Page 361
Route Optimization……Page 364
Access Groups……Page 365
Distribute Lists……Page 367
Route Maps……Page 368
Policy-Based Routing……Page 369
Source-Based Policies……Page 370
Type of Traffic Policies……Page 371
Type of Service Policies……Page 372
Policy-Based Routing Operation……Page 374
Redistribution……Page 377
RIP……Page 379
IGRP……Page 381
OSPF……Page 382
IS-IS……Page 384
Connected Interfaces, Static Routes, and Default Routes……Page 386
Classless to Classful Redistribution……Page 390
Filtering with Redistribution……Page 392
EIGRP……Page 394
OSPF……Page 395
Summary……Page 396
Exam Essentials……Page 397
Design Considerations……Page 398
Access Layer……Page 399
Distribution Layer……Page 403
Core Layer……Page 404
IP Address Assignment……Page 405
in Network Design……Page 409
OSPF……Page 410
EIGRP……Page 411
IS-IS……Page 412
BGP……Page 413
Exam Essentials……Page 415
Part II Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN)……Page 418
The Campus Network……Page 420
Campus Networks……Page 422
Performance Problems and Solutions……Page 423
The 80/20 Rule……Page 425
Introducing the New Campus Model……Page 427
Network Services……Page 428
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model……Page 429
Routing……Page 432
Layer 3 Switching……Page 433
Multilayer Switching (MLS)……Page 434
Hierarchical Model……Page 435
Core Layer……Page 437
Access Layer……Page 438
Access Layer Switches……Page 439
Distribution Layer Switches……Page 440
Applying the Building Blocks……Page 441
Core Block……Page 442
Scaling Layer 2 Backbones……Page 445
Scaling Layer 3 Backbones……Page 447
SAFE……Page 448
Exam Essentials……Page 451
Connecting the Switch Block……Page 454
Understanding Cable Media……Page 455
The Background of IEEE Ethernet……Page 456
LAN Segmentation Using Switches……Page 457
FastEthernet……Page 458
Gigabit Ethernet……Page 461
Connecting and Logging In to a Switch……Page 464
Cabling the Switch Block Devices……Page 465
Cisco IOS- and Set-Based Commands……Page 467
Summary……Page 482
Exam Essentials……Page 483
VLANs, Trunks, and VTP……Page 486
of Virtual LANs……Page 487
Broadcast Control……Page 488
Flexibility and Scalability……Page 489
The Collapsed Backbone and the VLAN……Page 490
Scaling the Switch Block……Page 491
Defining VLAN Boundaries……Page 492
Configuring Static VLANs……Page 493
Identifying VLANs……Page 498
VLAN Identification Methods……Page 499
Configuring Trunk Ports……Page 502
Clearing VLANs from Trunk Links……Page 504
Verifying Trunk Links……Page 505
Using VLAN Trunk Protocol (VTP)……Page 506
VTP Modes of Operation……Page 507
VTP Advertisements……Page 509
Configuring VTP……Page 511
VTP Pruning……Page 516
802.1Q Tunneling……Page 518
Exam Essentials……Page 519
Layer 2 Switching and the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)……Page 522
Comparing Bridges to Switches……Page 523
Three Switch Functions at Layer 2……Page 524
Spanning Tree Operation……Page 528
Selecting the Best Path……Page 529
Selecting the Designated Port……Page 532
Spanning Tree Port States……Page 533
Spanning Tree Example……Page 534
LAN Switch Types……Page 535
Cut-Through (Real Time)……Page 536
Configuring Spanning Tree……Page 537
Exam Essentials……Page 540
Using Spanning Tree with VLANs……Page 542
Creating VLAN Standards……Page 543
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST)……Page 544
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree+ +(PVST)……Page 545
Scaling the Spanning Tree Protocol……Page 546
Configuring the Root……Page 547
Setting the Port Cost……Page 551
Setting the Port Priority……Page 554
Changing the STP Timers……Page 558
Using Redundant Links with STP……Page 560
Parallel Fast EtherChannel Links……Page 561
Load Balancing and Redundancy……Page 567
PortFast……Page 568
UplinkFast……Page 570
BackboneFast……Page 573
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol……Page 574
Exam Essentials……Page 575
Inter-VLAN Routing……Page 578
Routing Between VLANs……Page 579
Multiple Links……Page 581
An Internal Route Processor……Page 582
Using ISL and 802.1Q Routing……Page 583
Configuring ISL/802.1Q with an External Router……Page 584
Configuring ISL/802.1Q on an Internal Route Processor……Page 586
Configuring VLANs on an Internal Route Processor……Page 587
Configuring Internal Routing on an IOS-Based Switch……Page 590
Exam Essentials……Page 592
Multilayer Switching (MLS)……Page 594
Understanding the Fundamentals of MLS……Page 595
MLS Requirements……Page 597
MLS Procedures……Page 598
Disabling MLS……Page 603
Enabling MLS……Page 605
VTP Domain Assignments……Page 606
VLAN Assignments……Page 607
Interface Configurations……Page 608
Verifying the MLS Configuration……Page 609
Configuring the MLS Switch Engine……Page 611
Configuring Flow Masks……Page 612
Using Cache Entries……Page 613
Displaying the MLS Cache Entries……Page 615
Using Acceptable MLS Topologies……Page 616
The Trouble with CEF and Layer 3 Switching……Page 618
Legacy Routing and Layer 3 Switching……Page 619
Summary……Page 623
Exam Essentials……Page 624
Understanding and Configuring Multicast Operation……Page 626
Unicast……Page 628
Broadcast……Page 629
Multicast……Page 630
Using Multicast Addressing……Page 631
Mapping IP Multicast to Ethernet……Page 632
Layer 3 to Layer 2 Overlap……Page 635
Managing Multicast in an Internetwork……Page 636
Internet Group Management Protocol Version 1 (IGMPv1)……Page 637
Internet Group Management Protocol Version 2 (IGMPv2)……Page 640
Internet Group Management Protocol Version 3 (IGMPv3)……Page 641
Cisco Group Management Protocol (CGMP)……Page 642
IGMP Snooping……Page 644
Routing Multicast Traffic……Page 645
Distribution Trees……Page 646
Managing Multicast Delivery……Page 650
for Using IP Multicast……Page 660
Configuring IP Multicast Routing……Page 661
Enabling IP Multicast Routing……Page 662
Enabling PIM on an Interface……Page 663
Configuring a Rendezvous Point……Page 666
Configuring TTL……Page 669
Joining a Multicast Group……Page 670
Enabling CGMP and IGMP Snooping……Page 672
Exam Essentials……Page 675
Quality of Service (QoS)……Page 678
Understanding Application Needs……Page 679
WWW Traffic……Page 680
Voice over Ethernet……Page 681
Best Efforts Networks……Page 683
QoS Options……Page 687
The Differentiated Services Model……Page 688
IEEE 802.1p……Page 690
Prioritizing Traffic Classes……Page 691
Queuing Mechanisms……Page 692
Configuring QoS on Cisco Switches……Page 694
Queuing Mechanisms……Page 699
Hot Standby Router Protocol……Page 704
Gateway Load Balancing Protocol……Page 712
Transparent Ethernet……Page 714
Summary……Page 715
Exam Essentials……Page 716
Catalyst Switch Technologies……Page 718
The Switching Process……Page 719
Switch Architecture and Components……Page 720
Bridging Table Operation……Page 723
Memory……Page 724
Software……Page 727
Switches: The Current Range……Page 729
2950 Series Switches……Page 730
3550 Series Switches……Page 732
4000 Series Switches……Page 734
6500 Series Switches……Page 736
Debugging……Page 738
System Testing……Page 739
Exam Essentials……Page 741
Part III Building Cisco Remote Access Networks (BCRAN)……Page 744
Cisco Solutions for Remote Access……Page 746
What Is Remote Access?……Page 747
WAN Connection Types……Page 748
WAN Encapsulation Protocols……Page 758
Selecting a WAN Protocol……Page 761
Cisco Products……Page 767
Fixed Interfaces……Page 768
Product Selection Tools……Page 769
Access Interface Options……Page 770
Identifying Company Site Equipment……Page 773
Verifying a Network Installation……Page 780
Summary……Page 783
Exam Essentials……Page 784
Asynchronous Connections……Page 786
Understanding Asynchronous Modems……Page 787
Signaling and Cabling……Page 790
Modulation Standards……Page 792
Modem Connections……Page 794
Automatic Configuration……Page 795
Manual Configuration……Page 799
Exam Essentials……Page 802
Point-to-Point Protocol……Page 804
PPP Overview and Architecture……Page 805
The Flag Field……Page 806
The Protocol Field……Page 807
Dedicated or Interactive PPP……Page 809
Interface Addressing Options for Local Devices……Page 810
Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)……Page 817
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)……Page 818
PPP Callback……Page 820
PPP Compression and Multilink……Page 823
Compression Configuration……Page 824
Multilink Configuration……Page 825
Verifying and Troubleshooting PPP……Page 827
The debug ppp negotiation Command……Page 828
The debug ppp packet Command……Page 832
Summary……Page 835
Exam Essentials……Page 836
Using Microsoft Win-dows 95/98/2000/XP……Page 838
Reasons to Use Dial-Up Networking……Page 839
with Windows 95/98……Page 840
Make New Connection Wizard……Page 841
Connection Properties……Page 844
Setting Additional Configuration Options……Page 851
Launching Terminal Windows……Page 852
Verifying a Dial-Up Connection……Page 853
Exam Essentials……Page 854
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)……Page 856
Digital Network (ISDN)?……Page 858
ISDN Line Options……Page 859
Basic Rate Interface (BRI)……Page 860
Primary Rate Interface (PRI)……Page 862
ISDN Function Groups……Page 863
ISDN Reference Points……Page 864
LAPD Frames……Page 866
Layer 2 Negotiation……Page 869
ISDN Call Setup and Teardown……Page 872
ISDN Configuration……Page 875
Using a Legacy Interface……Page 876
Using a Dialer Interface……Page 878
Authentication……Page 879
Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)……Page 880
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)……Page 881
Dial-on-Demand Routing (DDR)……Page 884
Configuring DDR……Page 885
Using Optional Commands……Page 887
Using DDR with Access Lists……Page 888
Dial Backup……Page 889
Setting Up Dial Backup……Page 890
Testing the Backup……Page 892
Bandwidth on Demand……Page 898
Channelized T-1/E-1 (PRI)……Page 900
Configuring ISDN PRI……Page 901
Configuring E-1……Page 902
Summary……Page 903
Exam Essentials……Page 904
Remote Access with Digital Subscriber Line……Page 906
What Is Digital Subscriber Line?……Page 907
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line……Page 908
ISDN DSL……Page 910
Very-High Data Rate DSL……Page 911
Cisco DSL Routers……Page 912
Configuring DSL……Page 913
Troubleshooting DSL……Page 915
Exam Essentials……Page 916
Remote Access with Cable Modems and Virtual Private Networks……Page 918
What Is a Cable Modem?……Page 919
DOCSIS……Page 920
Cisco’s Cable Modem Product Line……Page 921
IPSec……Page 922
Exam Essentials……Page 927
Frame Relay……Page 928
What Is Frame Relay?……Page 929
Frame Relay Virtual Circuits……Page 930
Switched Virtual Circuits……Page 931
Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI)……Page 932
DCLI Mapping……Page 933
Interface (LMI)……Page 935
Configuring Frame Relay……Page 936
Factors Affecting Performance……Page 937
Congestion Handling by Frame Relay Switches……Page 938
Congestion Handling by Routers……Page 939
Point-to-Point and Multipoint Interfaces……Page 940
The show interface Command……Page 943
The show frame-relay pvc Command……Page 944
The show frame-relay lmi Command……Page 945
The debug frame-relay lmi Command……Page 946
Frame Relay Switching……Page 947
Frame Relay Switching Commands……Page 948
Using Traffic-Shaping Techniques……Page 950
Configuring Traffic Shaping……Page 951
Summary……Page 952
Exam Essentials……Page 954
Queuing and Compression……Page 956
Queuing……Page 957
Queuing Policy……Page 958
IOS Queuing Options……Page 959
Weighted Fair Queuing……Page 960
Priority Queuing……Page 963
Custom Queuing……Page 966
Low Latency Queuing……Page 973
Committed Access Rate……Page 974
Compression……Page 975
TCP Header Compression……Page 976
Link Compression……Page 977
Viewing Compression Information……Page 978
Summary……Page 979
Exam Essentials……Page 980
Network Address Translation and Port Address Translation……Page 982
NAT Terminology……Page 984
How NAT Works……Page 985
Advantages of NAT……Page 986
NAT Traffic Types……Page 987
Performing NAT Operations……Page 988
Translating Inside Local Addresses……Page 989
Overloading Inside Global Addresses……Page 990
Using TCP Load Distribution……Page 991
Overlapping Networks……Page 992
Configuring NAT……Page 993
Configuring Static NAT……Page 994
Overloading, and TCP Load Distribution……Page 995
Address Translation……Page 997
Verifying NAT Configuration……Page 998
Troubleshooting NAT……Page 999
Clearing NAT Translation Entries……Page 1000
Disadvantages of PAT……Page 1001
Configuring PAT……Page 1002
Monitoring PAT……Page 1004
Exam Essentials……Page 1005
Centralized Security in Remote Access Networks……Page 1008
Security Terminology……Page 1009
Cisco Access Control Solutions……Page 1010
and Accounting……Page 1011
How AAA Works……Page 1012
Character-Mode Connections……Page 1013
Packet-Mode Connections……Page 1014
AAA Configuration……Page 1015
Authentication Configuration……Page 1016
Authorization Configuration……Page 1018
Accounting Configuration……Page 1021
Virtual Profiles……Page 1023
Exam Essentials……Page 1024
Part IV Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT)……Page 1026
Troubleshooting Methodology……Page 1028
The Complexity of Internetworks……Page 1029
Cisco Troubleshooting Model……Page 1031
Step 1: Gather Symptoms……Page 1033
Step 2: Isolate the Problem……Page 1035
Step 3: Correct the Problem……Page 1036
Bottom-Up Troubleshooting Approach……Page 1039
Summary……Page 1040
Exam Essentials……Page 1041
Network Documentation……Page 1042
The Network Baseline……Page 1043
Network Configuration Table……Page 1044
Router Network Configuration Table……Page 1046
Switch Network Configuration Table……Page 1050
Components of a Network Topology Diagram……Page 1056
Creating a Network Topology Diagram……Page 1058
Exam Essentials……Page 1062
End-System Documentation and Troubleshooting……Page 1064
End-System Network Configuration Table……Page 1065
Creating an End-System Network Configuration Table……Page 1066
End-System Network Topology Diagram……Page 1073
Creating an End-System Network Topology Diagram……Page 1075
Troubleshooting End-System Problems……Page 1076
End-System Troubleshooting Commands……Page 1077
Exam Essentials……Page 1091
Protocol Attributes……Page 1094
The OSI Reference Model……Page 1095
Connection-Oriented Protocols……Page 1098
Connectionless Protocols……Page 1102
Protocols and Applications……Page 1103
Ethernet/IEEE 802.3……Page 1104
Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)……Page 1106
Frame Relay……Page 1109
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)……Page 1110
Layers 3 and 4: IP Routed Protocols……Page 1111
Internet Protocol (IP)……Page 1112
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)……Page 1117
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)……Page 1118
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)……Page 1119
Summary……Page 1120
Exam Essentials……Page 1121
Cisco Diagnostic Commands and TCP/IP Troubleshooting……Page 1122
Troubleshooting Commands……Page 1123
Executing a Router Core Dump……Page 1155
Obtaining an IP Address……Page 1165
ARP……Page 1168
Sample TCP Connection……Page 1169
IP Access Lists……Page 1170
Standard Access Lists……Page 1171
Extended Access Lists……Page 1173
Named Access Lists……Page 1174
Summary……Page 1176
Exam Essentials……Page 1177
TCP/IP Routing Protocol Troubleshooting……Page 1178
Default Gateways……Page 1179
Static and Dynamic Routing……Page 1182
Troubleshooting RIP……Page 1183
RIP-1 and RIP-2……Page 1184
IGRP Features and Operation……Page 1185
Troubleshooting EIGRP……Page 1187
Neighbor Formation……Page 1188
Typical EIGRP Problems……Page 1193
Troubleshooting OSPF……Page 1194
Neighbor and Adjacency Formation……Page 1195
OSPF Area Types……Page 1196
Typical OSPF Problems……Page 1201
eBGP versus iBGP……Page 1202
Typical BGP Problems……Page 1205
Dealing with Routing Metrics……Page 1206
Distribute Lists……Page 1209
Route Maps……Page 1210
Summary Sheet……Page 1213
Summary Sheet……Page 1214
Summary……Page 1215
Exam Essentials……Page 1216
Troubleshooting Serial Line and Frame Relay Connectivity……Page 1218
Troubleshooting Serial Lines……Page 1219
HDLC Encapsulation……Page 1220
CSU/DSU Loopback Tests……Page 1230
Serial Line Summary……Page 1231
Troubleshooting Frame Relay……Page 1234
Frame Relay show Commands……Page 1235
Frame Relay debug Commands……Page 1239
Frame Relay Summary……Page 1241
Summary……Page 1242
Exam Essentials……Page 1243
Troubleshooting ISDN……Page 1244
ISDN Fundamentals……Page 1245
Misconfigured Routers……Page 1246
Physical Layer Connections……Page 1251
Troubleshooting Layer 2……Page 1254
Troubleshooting Layer 3……Page 1257
Switch Types……Page 1258
ISDN Troubleshooting Commands……Page 1259
Debugging ISDN……Page 1265
Exam Essentials……Page 1274
Troubleshooting Switched Ethernet……Page 1276
Switches, Bridges, and Hubs……Page 1277
Hybrid Mode Catalyst CLI……Page 1279
RMON……Page 1302
with Spanning Tree……Page 1303
Troubleshooting Spanning Tree Problems……Page 1304
Inter-Switch Link (ISL)……Page 1306
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)……Page 1309
Cable Problems……Page 1310
Crossover Cables……Page 1312
The Switched Port Analyzer……Page 1313
The Multilayer Switch Feature Card and Catalyst Routing……Page 1314
VLANs across Routers and Switches……Page 1316
VLAN Design Issues and Troubleshooting……Page 1318
Hybrid/Native Command Conversion……Page 1320
Summary……Page 1321
Exam Essentials……Page 1322
Applying Cisco’s Diagnostic Tools……Page 1324
Scenario #1……Page 1325
Scenario #2……Page 1337
Scenario #3……Page 1348
Troubleshooting Ethernet Problems……Page 1353
Scenario #1……Page 1354
Scenario #2……Page 1358
Summary……Page 1365
Exam Essentials……Page 1366
Index……Page 1368

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