Groundwater: modelling, management and contamination

Luka F. Konig, Jonas L. Weiss1604568321, 9781604568325, 9781607413950

Groundwater (GW) is one of the most valuable natural resources and for that reason, the GW protection and management is vital for human evolution, socio-economic development and ecological diversity. During the last decades, the continuously increasing need of water has led to a rapidly growing awareness in the field of GW management. At the same time over exploitation and pollution of water resources are threatening the ecosystems. The combination of these two problems which have acquired world-wide dimensions has forced many scientists working in relative fields to search new, multidisciplinary approaches to address them. Effective management and protection of groundwater resources require detail knowledge and quantitative/qualitative characterisation of aquifers. Thus, modelling and planning of the GW through the use of modern technologies and approaches have become of high priority towards this direction. This book provides leading-edge research on this field.

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Table of contents :
GROUNDWATER: MODELLING, MANAGEMENT AND CONTAMINATION……Page 3
CONTENTS……Page 7
PREFACE……Page 9
SHORT COMMUNICATION……Page 19
USE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKSFOR PREDICTING OF GROUNDWATERCONTAMINATION……Page 21
1. Introduction……Page 22
2. Methodology……Page 23
3. Study Area……Page 24
4. Analysis, Results and Discussions……Page 26
5. Conclusion……Page 30
References……Page 31
RESEARCH AND REVIEW STUDIES……Page 33
Abstract……Page 35
Introduction……Page 36
Defining Geographic Information System (GIS) and RemoteSensing (RS)……Page 38
GIS and RS Applications in Groundwater Modeling andManagement……Page 41
Conclusions……Page 82
References……Page 83
Technology Principles and Application Field……Page 97
Empirical System Design and Operation……Page 98
Air and Water Flow in Porous Media……Page 101
Numerical Code TOUGH2……Page 107
Case History……Page 113
Conclusion……Page 125
References……Page 128
Abstract……Page 131
Introduction……Page 132
Groundwater and Diffuse Pollution……Page 133
Groundwater Pollution and Surface Waters……Page 134
Source Apportionment Methods for the Surface Waters-Groundwater System……Page 135
Tools for Modeling Sources, Retention and Losses……Page 138
References……Page 145
Abstract……Page 151
Approaches to Modelling……Page 152
Example 1……Page 155
Example 2……Page 158
Example 3……Page 161
Conclusion……Page 164
References……Page 165
1.0. Introduction……Page 167
2.0. Modelling Approach……Page 168
3.0. Conceptual Model……Page 170
4.0. Types of Models……Page 173
5.0. Types of Model Solutions……Page 174
7.0. Model Verification and Validation……Page 181
10.0. Common Mistakes in Modelling……Page 182
Reference……Page 183
Abstract……Page 185
1. Introduction……Page 186
2. Subsurface Contaminants……Page 187
3. Hydrologic Processes in the Soil and Groundwater……Page 188
4. Flow and Transport Processes……Page 190
5. Detecting and Monitoring Contaminant Movemen……Page 194
6. Modeling Contaminant Transport in the Soil and Groundwater……Page 197
7. Contaminant Remediation……Page 199
8. Summary……Page 201
References……Page 202
Abstract……Page 205
Arsenic as a Widespread Problem……Page 206
Research Objectives and Overview of Approach……Page 207
Methods……Page 208
Results and Discussion……Page 211
References……Page 218
Abstract……Page 221
Introduction……Page 222
Saltwater Intrusion……Page 230
Integrated Coastal and Water Resource Management……Page 236
Discussion and Conclusion……Page 241
References……Page 243
Abstract……Page 249
Introduction……Page 250
Geological and Geomorphological Framework……Page 251
Aquifer Descriptions……Page 253
Groundwater Depletion……Page 257
Geochemical Characteristics of the Groundwater……Page 263
Geochemical Data Interpretation……Page 268
Groundwater Provinces……Page 270
Conclusion……Page 272
References……Page 273
Abstract……Page 277
1. Introduction……Page 278
2. Mathematical Model……Page 279
3. Time and Spatial Decomposition Methods……Page 280
4. Discretization……Page 283
5. Analytical Solution……Page 288
6. Numerical Experiments……Page 295
References……Page 305
Abstract……Page 309
2. Constructing the Flow Simulation Model……Page 310
3. The Role of the Optimization Model……Page 312
5. Use of Simplified Simulation Model……Page 314
6. Conclusions……Page 324
References……Page 325
Abstract……Page 327
1.0. Introduction……Page 328
2.0. The Ground Penetrating Radar Technique……Page 330
3.0. Groundwater-Related Ground PenetratingRadar Research……Page 335
4.0. Material Properties, GPR Signal Attenuation, Velocity andReflectivity……Page 336
5.0. Mixing Models and Water Content Estimation……Page 346
6.0. GPR for Contaminant and Groundwater Assessment in theNear-Surface: An Example from a LNAPL Contaminated Site……Page 352
7.0. Conclusion……Page 358
References……Page 359
Abstract……Page 369
1. Introduction……Page 370
2. Existing Single Length Scale Solutions……Page 371
3. A New Dual Length Scale Solution……Page 372
4. Model Application……Page 373
5. Comparison with Experimental Observations……Page 374
6. Conclusion……Page 376
References……Page 377
Abstract……Page 379
Introduction……Page 380
Method……Page 384
Results……Page 386
Interpretation……Page 388
Overall Conclusions……Page 405
References……Page 406
INDEX……Page 409