Sean O. Henderson (Editor)9781570596681, 1-57059-668-9
Table of contents :
EEn……Page 1
Emergency Medicine……Page 2
Copyright Info……Page 4
Dedication……Page 5
TOC……Page 6
Contributors……Page 10
Preface……Page 13
Acknowledgments……Page 14
Shock: The Final Common Pathway……Page 15
The Recognition of Occult Shock……Page 16
Overview of a Resuscitation……Page 17
Preparation……Page 18
B—Breathing……Page 20
C—Circulation……Page 21
E—Exposure……Page 22
History……Page 23
Secondary Survey……Page 24
Ethical and Legal Aspects of Resuscitation……Page 28
History and Physical Examination……Page 30
Specific Hypertensive Emergencies……Page 31
Hypertension with Pulmonary Edema or Congestive Heart Failure……Page 32
Catecholamine Excess……Page 33
Labetolol……Page 34
Nifedipine……Page 35
Suggested Reading……Page 36
Definitions……Page 37
Diagnosis and Evaluation History……Page 38
EKG Findings……Page 39
Serum Cardiac Markers……Page 40
Imaging Studies……Page 41
Nitrates……Page 43
Unfractionated Heparin (UFH) and Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH)……Page 44
Fibrinolytic (Thrombolytic) Agents……Page 45
Left Ventricular Failure/ Cardiogenic Shock……Page 46
Suggested Reading……Page 47
Pathophysiology……Page 48
Diagnostic Studies……Page 49
Emergency Resuscitation……Page 50
Specific Pharmacotherapy……Page 51
Disposition……Page 52
Epidemiology/Pathophysiology……Page 53
ED Management……Page 54
Definitions……Page 55
Laboratory and Studies……Page 56
Epidemiology/Pathophysiology……Page 57
Epidemiology/Pathophysiology……Page 58
Diagnosis and Evaluation……Page 59
ED Management……Page 60
Diagnosis and Evaluation……Page 61
Suggested Reading……Page 62
Diagnosis and Evaluation……Page 63
ED Management……Page 64
Diagnosis and Evaluation……Page 65
Suggested Reading……Page 66
Diagnosis……Page 67
Treatment……Page 69
Diagnosis……Page 70
Respiratory Support……Page 72
Medications……Page 73
Disposition……Page 74
Diagnosis……Page 75
Treatment……Page 76
Etiology and Risk Factors……Page 77
Diagnosis……Page 78
Treatment……Page 79
Suggested Reading……Page 80
Diagnosis……Page 81
Treatment……Page 82
Primary Survey……Page 83
Diagnosis……Page 84
Treatment……Page 85
Diagnosis……Page 86
Diagnosis……Page 87
Disposition……Page 89
Suggested Reading……Page 90
Etiology/Risk Factors……Page 91
Vital Signs……Page 92
Laboratory……Page 93
Primary Headache……Page 94
Secondary Headache……Page 96
Etiology……Page 97
Risk Factors……Page 98
History……Page 99
Evaluation……Page 100
Disposition……Page 101
Etiology……Page 102
Diagnosis……Page 103
Evaluation……Page 105
Disposition……Page 106
Scope of the Problem……Page 107
History……Page 108
Examination……Page 110
Laboratory……Page 111
Treatment……Page 112
Clinicoanatomic Correlation……Page 115
Risk Factors……Page 117
Vital Signs……Page 118
Evaluation……Page 119
Treatment……Page 120
Acute Ischemic Stroke……Page 121
TIA……Page 122
Suggested Reading……Page 123
Etiology……Page 124
History……Page 125
Physical Exam……Page 126
Treatment……Page 127
Suggested Reading……Page 128
Scope of the Problem……Page 129
Differential Diagnosis……Page 130
Evaluation……Page 131
Treatment……Page 132
Status Epilepticus (SE)……Page 133
Suggested Reading……Page 134
Risk Factors/Etiology……Page 135
Risk Factors/Etiology……Page 136
Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses……Page 137
Disposition……Page 138
Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses……Page 139
Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses……Page 140
Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses……Page 141
Treatment……Page 142
High Risk Criteria……Page 143
Risk Factors/Etiology……Page 144
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis……Page 145
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis……Page 146
Treatment……Page 147
Suggested Reading……Page 148
Diagnosis……Page 150
Special Circumstances……Page 151
Treatment……Page 153
Diagnosis……Page 154
Clinical Features……Page 155
Renal Cortical Abscess (Renal Carbuncle) vs Renal Corticomedullary Abscess……Page 156
Nephrolithiasis……Page 158
Diagnosis……Page 159
Management……Page 160
Diagnosis……Page 162
Prognosis……Page 163
Diagnosis……Page 164
Pathophysiology……Page 165
Phimosis……Page 166
Priapism……Page 167
Suggested Reading……Page 168
Clinical Presentation……Page 172
Diagnostic Evaluation……Page 173
Emergency Department Management……Page 174
Definitions……Page 175
Emergency Department Management……Page 176
Emergency Department Management……Page 177
Placenta Previa……Page 178
Diagnostic Evaluation……Page 179
Definition……Page 180
Emergency Department Management……Page 181
Cardiopulmonary Arrest during Pregnancy……Page 182
Candida Vaginitis……Page 183
Genital Herpes……Page 184
Clinical Presentation……Page 185
Tuboovarian Abscess (TOA)……Page 186
Bartholin Abscess……Page 187
Suggested Reading……Page 188
Anatomy and Function……Page 189
Management……Page 190
Complications……Page 192
Radiography……Page 193
Trauma……Page 194
Management and Treatment……Page 195
Hip Fracture……Page 196
Classification……Page 199
Complications……Page 200
Management……Page 202
Classification, Treatment and Disposition……Page 204
Management……Page 205
Tibia Shaft Fractures……Page 206
Complications……Page 207
Management……Page 208
Classification and Treatment……Page 209
Anatomy and Function……Page 211
Management……Page 212
Classification. Treatment. Disposition. Complications……Page 213
Anatomy and Function……Page 214
Mangement……Page 215
Classification Treatment Disposition Complications……Page 216
Management 8……Page 223
Classification, Treatment, Disposition and Complications……Page 224
Anatomy……Page 226
Diagnosis, Treatment, Disposition and Complications……Page 227
Physical Exam……Page 229
Diagnosis Treatment and Disposition……Page 230
Examination……Page 232
Inflammatory Disorders of the Hand……Page 234
Soft Tissue Injuries to the Hand……Page 235
Fractures……Page 236
Suggested Reading……Page 238
Diagnosis and Evaluation……Page 239
ED Management……Page 241
Special Considerations……Page 243
Pathophysiology……Page 244
Diagnosis and Evaluation……Page 245
Alcoholic Ketoacidosis……Page 246
Diagnosis and Evaluation……Page 247
Pathophysiology……Page 248
ED Management……Page 249
Pathophysiology……Page 250
Diagnosis and Evaluation……Page 251
Pathophysiology……Page 252
Diagnosis……Page 253
ED Management……Page 254
Pathophysiology……Page 255
ED Management……Page 256
Diagnosis and Evaluation……Page 257
Pathophysiology……Page 258
Hypocalcemia……Page 259
ED Management……Page 260
Pathophysiology……Page 261
Pathophysiology……Page 262
ED Management……Page 263
Suggested Reading……Page 264
Blood……Page 265
Immune-Mediated……Page 266
Non-Immune Mediated……Page 268
Decreased Production……Page 269
ITP……Page 270
Non-Immunologic Platelet Destruction 10……Page 271
Part C: Sickle Cell Anemia……Page 273
Diagnosis and Work-Up……Page 274
Infectious Crisis……Page 276
Special Pediatric Considerations……Page 277
Superior Vena Cava (SVC) Syndrome……Page 278
Spinal Cord Compression (SCC)……Page 279
Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)……Page 280
Hypercalcemia……Page 281
Neutropenic Fever……Page 283
Treatment……Page 285
Hemophilia……Page 286
Treatment and Disposition……Page 287
Suggested Reading……Page 290
Sepsis……Page 292
Toxic Shock Syndrome……Page 294
Syphilis……Page 295
Cat Scratch Disease……Page 296
Human Immunodeficiency Virus……Page 297
ED Management……Page 298
Suggested Reading……Page 299
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)……Page 300
Isolation……Page 301
Vaccinations……Page 303
Prophylactic Antimicrobials in Wound Care……Page 304
Blood and Body Fluid Exposure……Page 305
Suggested Reading……Page 307
D. Decontamination……Page 308
Gastric Emptying—Use of Activated Charcoal Plus Cathartic……Page 309
Work-Up……Page 310
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology……Page 311
Treatment……Page 312
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology……Page 313
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology……Page 314
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology……Page 315
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology……Page 316
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology……Page 317
Serotonin Syndrome……Page 318
Treatment……Page 319
Clinical Features……Page 320
Ethanol……Page 321
Isopropyl Alcohol……Page 322
Ethylene Glycol……Page 323
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology……Page 324
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology……Page 325
Work-Up and Laboratory……Page 326
Cocaine……Page 327
Phencyclidine (PCP)……Page 328
LSD……Page 329
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons—The Petroleum Distillates……Page 330
Halogenated Hydrocarbons……Page 331
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology……Page 332
Work-Up and Laboratory……Page 333
Treatment (Skin Burns)……Page 334
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology……Page 335
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology……Page 336
Work-Up and Laboratory……Page 337
Treatment……Page 338
References……Page 339
Etiology……Page 341
Clinical……Page 342
ED Management……Page 343
Pathophysiology……Page 345
Clinical Manifestation and Treatment of Heat Illnesses……Page 346
ED Management of Heat Stroke……Page 347
Acclimatization……Page 348
Clinical Syndromes……Page 349
Pathophysiology……Page 351
Physical……Page 352
Treatment……Page 353
History……Page 354
Clinical Manifestations……Page 355
Factors Determining Severity of Electrical Injury……Page 358
Amperage……Page 359
Laboratory and Ancillary……Page 360
Treatment……Page 361
Snake Bites……Page 362
Treatment……Page 363
Arthropods……Page 364
Primary Survey……Page 368
Suggested Reading……Page 369
Epistaxis……Page 371
Nasal Foreign Bodies……Page 373
Sinusitis……Page 374
Otitis Media……Page 375
Otitis Externa……Page 377
Otic Foreign Bodies……Page 378
Tympanic Membrane Perforation……Page 379
Hearing Loss……Page 380
Pharyngitis……Page 381
Peritonsillar Abscess……Page 383
Ludwig’s Angina……Page 384
Adult Epiglottitis……Page 385
Deep Space Infections……Page 386
Foreign Bodies of the Upper Airway and GI Tract……Page 387
Post-Tonsillectomy Hemorrhage……Page 388
Sialoadenitis……Page 389
Sialolithiasis……Page 390
Dental Pain……Page 391
Dental Trauma……Page 392
Avulsed Teeth……Page 393
Gingivitis……Page 394
Maxillofacial Trauma……Page 395
Specific Treatment……Page 396
Mandible Fracture……Page 397
Mandibular Dislocation……Page 398
Soft Tissue Injuries/Lacerations……Page 399
Suggested Reading……Page 401
Basic Anatomy……Page 402
Ocular Medications……Page 403
Disorders of Extraocular Movement (EOM)……Page 404
Etiology……Page 405
Conjunctivitis……Page 406
Corneal Ulcer……Page 408
Uveitis……Page 409
Glaucoma……Page 410
Examination……Page 411
Periorbital Ecchymosis and Contusion……Page 412
Conjunctival, Corneal and Intraocular Foreign Bodies (FB)……Page 413
Hyphema……Page 414
Retrobulbar Hemorrhage……Page 415
Vision Loss……Page 416
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)……Page 417
Vitreous Hemorrhage……Page 418
Blepharitis……Page 419
Periorbital and Orbital Cellulitis……Page 420
Suggested Reading……Page 421
Primary Survey……Page 422
Radiological Studies……Page 423
Life-Threatening Injuries……Page 424
Laboratory Studies……Page 425
Cervical Spine Injuries……Page 426
Central Cord Syndrome……Page 427
Spinal Shock……Page 428
Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries……Page 429
Skull Fractures……Page 430
Subdural Hematoma……Page 431
Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)……Page 432
Treatment of the Head-Injured Patient……Page 433
Critical Landmarks……Page 434
Evaluation of Neck Trauma……Page 435
Strangulation/Hanging……Page 436
Zygomatic Fracture……Page 437
Maxillary Fractures……Page 438
Nasal/Nasoethmoid Fractures……Page 439
Rib Fractures……Page 440
Flail Chest/Pulmonary Contusion……Page 441
Sternal Fractures /Blunt Myocardial Injury (Myocardial Contusion)……Page 442
Pneumothorax……Page 443
Hemothorax……Page 444
Pericardial Tamponade……Page 445
Traumatic Aortic Injuries……Page 446
Esophageal Injuries……Page 447
Penetrating Abdominal Trauma……Page 448
Clinical Evaluation……Page 449
Special Considerations……Page 451
Ureteral Injuries……Page 452
Bladder Injuries……Page 453
Pediatric Trauma……Page 454
Elderly Trauma……Page 458
Trauma in Pregnancy……Page 460
Suggested Reading……Page 463
Aggression and Violence……Page 464
Clinical Presentation……Page 465
Treatment……Page 468
Clinical Presentation……Page 469
Differential Diagnosis……Page 471
Treatment……Page 472
Incidence……Page 473
Diagnostic Evaluation……Page 474
Treatment……Page 476
Clinical Presentations 17……Page 477
Treatment……Page 479
Clinical Features……Page 480
Treatment……Page 482
Diagnostic Evaluation……Page 483
Suggested Reading……Page 484
Summary……Page 485
Indications……Page 486
Summary……Page 492
Indeterminate Results……Page 494
Summary……Page 495
Indications for Emergent MRI……Page 496
Summary……Page 502
Sensitivity and Specificity……Page 503
Suggested Reading……Page 504
CT in Nontraumatic Conditions……Page 506
Trauma……Page 510
Other Injuries……Page 512
Non-Trauma……Page 515
Overview……Page 520
Renal Colic……Page 521
Acute Appendicitis……Page 522
Abdominal Aneurysm……Page 523
Undifferentiated Elderly Abdominal Pain……Page 524
Abdominal Trauma……Page 525
Cervical Spine……Page 526
Suggested Reading……Page 528
Equipment Considerations……Page 529
Abdominal Trauma……Page 530
Echocardiography……Page 536
Biliary Tract Disease……Page 538
Renal Ultrasound……Page 540
Ectopic Pregnancy……Page 541
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms……Page 544
Suggested Reading……Page 545
Preparedness……Page 547
Disaster Triage……Page 548
The START System……Page 549
Patient Census……Page 550
Command Post Organization……Page 551
Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction……Page 552
Nerve Agents……Page 553
Radiation Injuries……Page 554
Biological Terrorism……Page 555
Suggested Reading……Page 558
ED Management……Page 559
Length Based Resuscitation Tape (Broselow Tape)……Page 561
Vascular and Intraosseous Access……Page 562
Suggested Reading……Page 563
Clinical Presentation……Page 564
ED Management……Page 565
Clinical Presentation……Page 566
ED Management……Page 567
Chest Pain in Children……Page 569
ED Management……Page 570
Definitions……Page 571
ED Management……Page 572
Suggested Reading……Page 574
Incidence……Page 575
Diagnostic Evaluation……Page 576
ED Management……Page 577
Testicular Torsion……Page 578
Torsion of the Appendix Testis……Page 579
Acute Epididymitis……Page 580
Zipper Entrapment of the Foreskin or Penis……Page 581
Vulvovaginitis and Vaginal Discharge……Page 582
Suggested Reading……Page 583
Salter-Harris Classification of Fractures……Page 584
Clinical Presentation……Page 585
Diagnostic Evaluation……Page 586
Diagnostic Evaluation……Page 587
Clinical Presentation……Page 588
Fracture Patterns in Child Abuse……Page 589
Suggested Reading……Page 590
Fever in the Well Appearing Child……Page 591
Young Infants (29-89 days of age)……Page 592
Older Infants and Young Children (3-36 mo of age) 22……Page 593
Erysipelas……Page 595
Chickenpox……Page 596
Measles (Rubeola)……Page 597
Lyme Disease (Erythema migrans)……Page 598
Suggested Reading……Page 599
Ear……Page 600
Nose……Page 601
Aspirated……Page 602
Croup……Page 603
Bronchiolitis……Page 604
Neonates……Page 605
Older Infants Toddlers and Young Children……Page 606
Suggested Reading……Page 607
Infection and Fever……Page 609
Splenic Sequestration Crisis……Page 610
Pain Crisis……Page 611
Suggested Reading……Page 612
Clinical Presentation……Page 613
ED Management……Page 614
Clinical Presentation……Page 616
ED Management……Page 617
Clinical Presentation……Page 618
Diagnostic Evaluation……Page 619
Clinical Presentation……Page 620
ED Management……Page 621
Clinical Presentations and Definitions……Page 622
ED Management……Page 623
Definitions 22……Page 625
ED Management……Page 626
Suggested Reading……Page 627
Index……Page 629
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