Soil Ecology Research Developments

978-1-60692-829-5

Table of contents :
SOIL ECOLOGY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS……Page 3
NOTICE TO THE READER……Page 6
CONTENTS……Page 7
PREFACE……Page 9
CHARCOAL AS SOIL AMENDMENT……Page 17
SOIL FERTILITY ENHANCEMENT……Page 18
BIOCHAR PROSPECTS AND ESSENTIAL RESEARCH……Page 19
REFERENCES……Page 20
ABSTRACT……Page 23
INTRODUCTION……Page 24
EVIDENCES……Page 25
1. Stipa Tenacissima’s Water Responses under Water Stress Conditions……Page 26
2. Stand Evapotranspiration and WVA……Page 27
3. Soil Availability……Page 28
CONCLUSION……Page 29
REFERENCES……Page 31
ABSTRACT……Page 35
1. INTRODUCTION……Page 36
2.2. Measurements and Statistical Analysis……Page 37
3.1. Leaf Traits……Page 38
3.2. Chlorophyll Contents……Page 39
3.3. Photosynthesis……Page 40
3.4. Chlorophyll Fluorescence……Page 41
3.5. Starch and Sucrose Contents……Page 42
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……Page 43
REFERENCES……Page 44
ABSTRACT……Page 47
INTRODUCTION……Page 48
STUDIES ON LITTER DECOMPOSITION: A PERSPECTIVE……Page 49
DECOMPOSITION DYNAMICS AND CHANGES IN SUBSTRATE COMPOSITION……Page 51
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT ON DECOMPOSITION RATE……Page 59
MICROCLIMATIC EFFECTS ON DECOMPOSITION RATE……Page 62
MICROBIAL ACTIVITY DURING DECOMPOSITION……Page 64
FUNGAL SUCCESSION……Page 67
CONCLUSION……Page 70
REFERENCES……Page 71
ABSTRACT……Page 79
INTRODUCTION……Page 80
The Effect of Management Practices……Page 82
The Effects of Biosolids, Compost and Pesticide Application……Page 84
THE EFFECTS OF GRAZING……Page 86
THE EFFECT OF FIRE……Page 87
THE EFFECTS OF INVASION……Page 89
THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGES AND CO2 ENRICHMENT……Page 90
MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS……Page 91
CONCLUSION……Page 94
REFERENCES……Page 96
ABSTRACT……Page 105
1. Introduction……Page 106
2. Signaling Molecules in Bacterial QS……Page 108
3. QS Mediated by N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactones (AHLs)……Page 110
4. QS Mediated by Autoinducing Oligopeptides (AIPs)……Page 113
5. QS Mediated By Autoinducer 2 (AI-2)……Page 115
6. Eukaryotic Responses to Bacterial QS Systems……Page 117
7. Other Implications of the QS Mechanism……Page 118
II. QS IN PLANT-BACTERIAL ASSOCIATIONS……Page 120
8.1. QS in Rhizobium and Sinorhizobium……Page 121
IV. REFERENCES……Page 127
1. INTRODUCTION……Page 137
2. POSSIBLE NEW APPROACHES FOR STUDYING SOIL AGGREGATION……Page 138
3. THE NEED FOR CULTURE-BASED METHODS……Page 140
4. FUNGI IN SOIL AGGREGATION……Page 143
5. MICROBIAL DIVERSITY IN SOIL AGGREGATES……Page 144
6. TECHNIQUES FOR ASSESSING MICROBIAL AGGREGATIVE FUNCTION IN SOIL AGGREGATES AND BIOFILMS……Page 145
REFERENCES……Page 148
ABSTRACT……Page 155
1. INTRODUCTION……Page 156
2. HEAVY METAL TOLERANCE OF RHIZOBIUM STRAINS ISOLATED FROM BRAÇAL MINE……Page 158
3. SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES……Page 163
4. CONCLUSION……Page 167
5. REFERENCES……Page 168
ABSTRACT……Page 175
Pumice and Pathogens Used……Page 176
Substrate Induced Respiration Method to Estimate Dominant Microbes in Pumice……Page 177
Biological Control of Bacterial Wilt in Pumice Culture Using A Combination of Biocontrol Agents and Carbon Substrates……Page 178
Disease Suppressiveness of Used Pumice……Page 179
Suppression Mechanisms of Used Pumice –Contribution of Chemical Factors……Page 181
Suppression Mechanisms of Used Pumice –Contribution of BiologicalFactors……Page 184
Trials in A Greenhouse……Page 187
CONCLUSION……Page 192
REFERENCES……Page 193
ABSTRACT……Page 195
INTRODUCTION……Page 196
Plant Material and Growth Parameters……Page 197
RESULTS……Page 198
Cd2+ Accumulation……Page 199
Ni2+ Accumulation……Page 200
Potassium Status……Page 201
CALCIUM NUTRITION……Page 203
DISCUSSION……Page 204
REFERENCES……Page 209
ABSTRACT……Page 213
INTRODUCTION……Page 214
Study Site……Page 215
Soil Chemical and Physical Characterization……Page 217
Soil Incubation……Page 218
Soil Characteristics……Page 219
Soil Temperature……Page 221
Seasonal N and C Dynamics in the Buried Bags……Page 222
DISCUSSION……Page 224
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……Page 228
REFERENCES……Page 229
ABSTRACT……Page 233
INTRODUCTION……Page 234
Humic Acid Isolation……Page 235
DRIFT Spectroscopy……Page 236
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……Page 237
DRIFT Spectroscopy……Page 239
13C NMR Spectroscopy……Page 240
Thermal Analysis……Page 242
CONCLUSION……Page 243
REFERENCES……Page 244
ABSTRACT……Page 249
INTRODUCTION……Page 250
MATERIALS AND METHODS……Page 251
Soil Organic C and Humic C……Page 252
Corn-Derived C in Soil and HA……Page 253
Total Organic C and Humic C……Page 255
Corn-Derived C in TOC and Humic Acids……Page 257
REFERENCES……Page 259
ABSTRACT……Page 263
1. INTRODUCTION……Page 264
2. SALT TOLERANCE OF RHIZOBIUM ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS……Page 266
2.1. Characterization of NaCl Tolerance……Page 267
2.2. Screening Rhizobia for Nitrogen Fixation Potential with Pisum Sativum……Page 270
3.1. Involvement of Plasmids in NaCl Tolerance……Page 272
3.2. Salinity Effects on Proteins……Page 274
4. CONCLUSION……Page 275
5. REFERENCES……Page 276
INDEX……Page 281