Forensic Science: An Illustrated Dictionary

John C. Brenner9780849314575, 0-8493-1457-7

This volume introduces the laboratory terms that are crucial to the interpretation and understanding of laboratory report findings. The definitions and accompanying illustrations come from various disciplines including toxicology, drug chemistry, criminalistics, bioscience/DNA, firearms/ballistics, forensic pathology, and law. The illustrations communicate the use of laboratory instruments and investigative and laboratory methods of analysis. These detailed definitions and illustrations are valuable references to nonscientific professionals including police investigators interpreting lab reports, court reporters, and prosecutors and defense attorneys preparing for trial.

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Table of contents :
Forensic Science: An Illustrated Dictionary……Page 1
Copyright Info……Page 3
Preface……Page 4
The Author……Page 5
Acknowledgments……Page 6
TOC……Page 7
Absorptivity……Page 9
Acid phosphatase……Page 10
Actuator……Page 11
Adjudication……Page 12
Affirmative defense……Page 13
Algorithm……Page 14
Allograph……Page 15
Ambient……Page 16
Ammunition……Page 17
Analytical gel……Page 18
Anchor point……Page 19
Anisotropic……Page 20
Antigen……Page 21
Appeal (legal)……Page 22
Area of origin, fire-related……Page 23
Arson……Page 24
Artificial decomposition scent……Page 25
Asthma……Page 26
Atomic absorption (AA)……Page 27
Atomic mass spectroscopy……Page 28
Atomic weight……Page 29
Atrophy……Page 30
Autoignition temperature……Page 31
Autorad……Page 32
Axillary……Page 33
Azo dye……Page 35
Ballistics, exterior……Page 36
Battered child syndrome……Page 37
Beretta……Page 38
Bill of Particulars……Page 39
Bite mark……Page 40
Blind external proficiency test……Page 41
Boat……Page 42
Bore diameter……Page 43
Brain stem……Page 44
Bronchi (singular, bronchus)……Page 45
Buffer……Page 46
Bullet wipe……Page 47
Burn……Page 48
Butane……Page 50
Byte……Page 51
Cannabidiol……Page 52
Carbon copy……Page 53
Career criminals……Page 54
Case file……Page 55
Casting……Page 56
Cast-mold……Page 57
Cause determination……Page 58
Cephalothorax……Page 59
Certiorari……Page 60
Chain of custody……Page 61
Changing bag……Page 62
Chemical formula……Page 63
Choke/shotgun……Page 64
Chromatography……Page 65
Chronic effect……Page 66
Circumstantial evidence……Page 67
Clitoris……Page 68
CODIS comparisons……Page 69
Collision-secondary……Page 70
Comparison microscope……Page 71
Comparison samples……Page 72
Complainant……Page 73
Confidence interval……Page 74
Connecting stroke……Page 75
Contempt of court……Page 76
Controlling……Page 77
Convulsion……Page 78
Corpus delicti……Page 79
Summary……Page 80
Criminal court……Page 81
Criminal profiling……Page 82
Cutoff level (threshold)……Page 83
Cytosine (C)……Page 84
Decomposition……Page 85
Deformable impression……Page 86
Delustering……Page 87
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)……Page 88
Developer……Page 89
Dinitrotoluene (DNT)……Page 90
Dismissal (legal)……Page 91
Diversion……Page 92
DNA record……Page 93
Double action……Page 94
DPXTM……Page 95
Drug dependence……Page 96
Dyslexia……Page 97
Electron capture detector (ECD)……Page 98
Electrostatic detection apparatus……Page 99
Elute……Page 100
Emulsion……Page 101
Entomotoxicology……Page 102
Erasure (chemical or physical)……Page 103
Ethylbenzene……Page 104
Evidence identifiers……Page 105
Exigent circumstances……Page 106
External proficiency testing program……Page 107
Eyepiece……Page 108
Fiber-tip pen (porous-tip pen)……Page 109
Field of vision……Page 110
Finished sketch……Page 111
Firearm……Page 112
Fish-eye lens……Page 113
Fixatives……Page 114
Fixed surveillance……Page 115
Flash……Page 116
Flow pattern……Page 117
Forcing cone……Page 118
Forensic psychology……Page 119
Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR) spectrometry……Page 120
Fraud……Page 121
Fume hood……Page 122
Fundamental attribution error……Page 123
Gas chromatography (GC)……Page 124
GC/MS (gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer)……Page 125
Gene frequency (allele frequency)……Page 126
General pretrial publicity……Page 127
General rifling characteristics……Page 128
Graphoanalysis……Page 129
Gunpowder patterns……Page 130
Gyroscopic stability……Page 131
Hashish……Page 132
Hearsay rule……Page 133
Heterozygote peak height ratio (PHR)……Page 134
HOLMES……Page 135
Hydrochloric acid……Page 136
Hypothesis testing or Significance testing……Page 137
Hypoxia……Page 138
Ignition……Page 139
Impact spatter……Page 140
Inclusion……Page 141
Indirect personality assessment (IPA)……Page 142
Infrared spectrometer……Page 143
Injunction……Page 144
Inorganic pigment……Page 145
Internal reflection spectroscopy (IRS)……Page 146
In vivo……Page 147
Invertebrate……Page 148
Jury……Page 149
Juvenile court……Page 150
Korsakoff’s Syndrome……Page 151
Lane of gel……Page 153
Lateral axis……Page 154
Leading……Page 155
Left-handed or wrong-handed writing……Page 156
Leucomalachite green (leuco) test……Page 157
Likelihood ratio……Page 158
LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System)……Page 159
Luger……Page 160
Lymphocyte……Page 161
Lysis agent……Page 162
Magenta……Page 163
Manner of death……Page 164
Mass spectrometry……Page 165
Matching probability……Page 166
Mechanical pipettes……Page 167
Medulla……Page 168
Mendel’s law (Segregation)……Page 169
Metabolism……Page 170
Methadone hydrochloride……Page 171
Microscopic marks……Page 172
Minutiae……Page 173
M’Naghten rule……Page 174
Modus operandi (MO)……Page 175
Moot……Page 176
Mushroom (Drugs)……Page 177
Myotomy……Page 178
Necrosis……Page 179
Nitrocellulose……Page 180
Nuclease……Page 181
Nylon membrane……Page 182
Olfaction……Page 183
Oligonucleotide……Page 184
Opening statements……Page 185
Origin determination……Page 186
Orthography……Page 187
Oxygen……Page 188
Latex……Page 189
Paraffin……Page 190
Patent……Page 191
PDOF……Page 192
Permanent defect……Page 193
Pharmacodynamics……Page 194
Photoionization detector (PID)……Page 196
Physical evidence……Page 197
Plea……Page 198
Pleochroism……Page 199
PMSI……Page 200
Polarity……Page 201
Polarized light microscope (PLM)……Page 202
Polymorphism……Page 203
Postoffense behavior……Page 204
Power of discrimination (Pd)……Page 205
Pretrial conference……Page 206
Product gel……Page 207
Proof test……Page 208
Prostatic-specific antigen (PSA)……Page 209
Pseudomalingering……Page 210
Putrifaction……Page 211
Pyrophoric distillation……Page 212
Quality manual……Page 213
Questioned document……Page 214
Quinine……Page 215
Rape shield laws……Page 216
Rebuttal……Page 217
Reference material……Page 218
Reflection……Page 219
Reproducibility……Page 220
Retention time……Page 221
Bifurcation (fork)……Page 222
Rigor mortis……Page 223
Rules of evidence……Page 224
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)……Page 225
Scoliosis……Page 226
Secondary contamination……Page 227
Sequela ( plural , sequelae)……Page 228
Sexual ritualism……Page 229
Shutter……Page 230
Significant, statistically significant……Page 231
Single-element typewriter……Page 232
Skewness……Page 233
Smokeless powder……Page 234
Spectrophotometer……Page 235
Spermatozoa (sperm cell)……Page 236
Splicing……Page 237
Spotlight……Page 238
Stage micrometer……Page 239
Standard operating procedures (SOP)……Page 240
Statistical correlation……Page 241
Still……Page 242
Stitching……Page 244
Striations……Page 245
Subdural hematoma……Page 246
Summary judgment (legal)……Page 247
Swipe, smear (bloodstain)……Page 248
System (of writing)……Page 249
Terminal velocity……Page 250
Test linearity……Page 251
Thermal conductivity detector……Page 252
Threat assessment……Page 253
Tire tread……Page 254
Titrate……Page 255
Toxicology……Page 256
Trajectory……Page 257
Transmission……Page 258
Trial……Page 259
Truck……Page 260
Trueness……Page 261
Twin-lens reflex (TLR)……Page 262
Typewriting system……Page 263
Unipod……Page 265
Urobilinogen……Page 266
Variance……Page 267
Victimology……Page 268
Virus……Page 269
Volumetric flask……Page 270
Vulcanization……Page 271
Walk-through……Page 272
Weapon of mass destruction (WMD)……Page 273
Work product……Page 274
Wrong-handed writing……Page 275
Xylotomist……Page 276
Yield gel……Page 277
Zygote……Page 278
Bibliography……Page 279
Back Cover……Page 281