Steve Dashew, Linda Dashew9780965802826, 0965802825
Table of contents :
Dedication……Page 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS……Page 5
Introduction……Page 12
Preface……Page 13
Understanding the Basics……Page 14
Proximity—A Key Ingredient……Page 15
Using This Book……Page 16
Background Data……Page 18
Our Approach at Sea……Page 22
Acknowledgments……Page 24
Weather Reports……Page 26
Visit Us On the Internet……Page 27
Insolation……Page 29
Effect on The Atmosphere……Page 30
Global Weather Patterns……Page 31
Effects of Differences in Pressure……Page 32
Coriolis Effect……Page 33
Condensation……Page 34
Weather on a Global Scale……Page 35
Local Weather Patterns……Page 37
Wind Flow in Highs and Lows……Page 38
Birth of a Depression……Page 40
Warm Fronts……Page 43
Cold Fronts……Page 44
Frontal Speed……Page 45
Secondary Depressions……Page 46
Wind Strength……Page 48
The Barometer……Page 50
Along the South African Coast……Page 57
Wind Direction……Page 59
Gust Factors……Page 60
Data from Other Yachts……Page 62
What the Waves Tell You……Page 63
Finding Pressure Centers……Page 64
General Categories of Clouds……Page 66
Cirrus……Page 67
Cirrocumulus……Page 68
Cirrostratus……Page 69
Altocumulus……Page 70
Nimbostratus……Page 71
Cumulonimbus……Page 72
Cumulus……Page 73
National Weather Service’s Marine Prediction Center……Page 76
Upper Level Conditions……Page 78
Computer Modeling……Page 79
Forecast Cycle……Page 81
Budget Issues……Page 82
When You’re at Sea……Page 83
Who Are the Forecasters?……Page 84
Common Terms……Page 90
Radio Forecasts……Page 94
Band Conditions……Page 95
Nets and Weather Relays……Page 96
Dedicated Fax or Computer?……Page 98
At the Beginning of a Passage……Page 99
Symbols……Page 100
Sample Fax Charts……Page 103
Interpreting Surface Fax Charts……Page 110
Compression Zones……Page 114
Tropical and Subtropical Lows……Page 115
Isobar Curvature and Wind Speed……Page 116
Forecasting in Three Dimensions……Page 118
3-D Low Structure……Page 119
3-D High Structure……Page 122
Upper-Level Westerlies……Page 124
Meandering Upper-Level Winds……Page 126
Ridges and Troughs……Page 127
500mb Fax Charts……Page 128
Surface Weather Review……Page 130
What Is a 500mb Contour?……Page 131
Relative Heights……Page 136
Rules of Thumb……Page 138
Long Waves……Page 139
Picking Out Waves……Page 140
Short Waves and Surface Lows……Page 145
Horizontal Offset as an Indicator……Page 150
Short Wave Trough Interaction……Page 151
Zonal Pattern……Page 158
Meridional Pattern……Page 160
Topographic Influences……Page 162
Ridge Blocking Patterns……Page 164
Cut-Off Lows……Page 166
When Isoheights Are Missing……Page 168
In the Tropics……Page 169
Trough Axis Orientation……Page 170
Using Cloud Patterns……Page 171
Trough Axis Rotation……Page 176
Surface to 500mb Offset……Page 179
Ridge Blocking……Page 180
Confirming 500mb Projections……Page 181
Streams of Flow……Page 159
The Jet Stream……Page 182
Cloud Signatures……Page 183
Low Pressure Tactics……Page 193
N. Hemisphere Wind Direction……Page 194
S. Hemisphere Wind Direction……Page 196
Sea State……Page 199
Basic Decisions……Page 200
Upwind Destinations……Page 201
Favored Tack……Page 205
Running Before a Depression……Page 207
Favored Jibe……Page 209
Reaching Across Depressions……Page 210
Bent Back Warm Fronts……Page 211
Frontal Structure……Page 212
Warm Core……Page 214
Wind-Field Structure……Page 215
Warning Signs……Page 217
Christmas 1997……Page 218
Cloud Signatures……Page 222
June 1, 1994……Page 229
The Low Deepens……Page 233
Tactics……Page 235
A Meteorologist’s View……Page 238
Reality—Heart of Gold……Page 241
Details……Page 246
500mb View……Page 250
500mb Hindsight……Page 253
Was This a Bent Back Warm Front?……Page 254
Squalls……Page 256
Lapse Rates……Page 257
Squall Watch……Page 259
Predicting Squall Strength……Page 260
Taking Advantage of the Wind……Page 261
Getting Away from the Wind……Page 264
Within the Squall……Page 265
Land-Generated Thunderheads……Page 266
Microbursts……Page 268
A Final Warning……Page 269
Towards the Australs……Page 270
An El Nino Year?……Page 271
Time to Go……Page 272
Heading Offshore……Page 274
In Retrospect……Page 284
High-Seas Broadcast Weather……Page 285
Rangiroa……Page 301
Circulation About a High……Page 307
Westerly Tradewinds……Page 308
Highs are Rarely Stable……Page 311
Below the High……Page 312
Unfriendly Highs……Page 315
Tropical Prediction Center……Page 316
Tropical Synoptic Charts……Page 317
Tropical Cyclones……Page 328
Tropical Waves……Page 329
Organized Circulation……Page 332
Maturation……Page 335
Risk of Recurving……Page 336
Tropical Storm Geography……Page 337
Tropical Storm Forecasts……Page 341
Where to Get Forecasts……Page 342
Seasons……Page 344
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale……Page 347
Life Cycle of a Hurricane……Page 348
Diurnal Factors……Page 351
Early Warning Signs……Page 353
As the Storm Approaches……Page 354
The Bar……Page 355
Weather Fax Data……Page 357
Dangerous Semicircle……Page 358
Early Warning with Satellites……Page 360
How Early Do You React?……Page 365
Introduction……Page 367
Satellite Observations of Tropical Cyclones……Page 372
Curved Band (Coiling) Stage……Page 377
Embedded Center Stage……Page 379
Early Stages of Tropical Cyclogenisis……Page 375
The Dvorak Technique……Page 366
Cloud-Pattern Variability……Page 382
Additional Tropical Cyclone Cloud Patterns……Page 384
Cloud Patterns Associated with Tropical Cyclone Motion……Page 386
A Model of Tropical Cyclone Development……Page 387
Sea Room……Page 396
Finding the Storm Center……Page 397
Establishing the Storm Track……Page 400
Navigable Semicircle……Page 409
Courses of Action……Page 413
Passaging in Hurricane Season……Page 416
Using a Weather Router……Page 417
Communications……Page 419
Discussing Your Needs……Page 420
Trade-offs……Page 421
Performance Factors……Page 422
Nuka Hiva……Page 423
Tactics……Page 426
Hurricane Linda……Page 428
Depression 15E……Page 432
Tropical Storm Marty……Page 435
Nora Matures……Page 445
Approaching the Coast……Page 448
San Juanico……Page 453
Heading North……Page 455
The Barometer Plummets……Page 457
Reaching on Starboard Tack……Page 458
In Hindsight……Page 459
Outside Information……Page 460
Tropical to Extratropical Transition of Hurricanes……Page 471
Speed of Movement……Page 472
Seasonal Issues……Page 473
Hurricane Danielle……Page 475
September 1, 1998……Page 477
September 2……Page 479
September 3……Page 481
September 4……Page 483
Tactics……Page 486
North Pacific……Page 488
Typhoon Stella……Page 491
September 16, 1998……Page 492
September 17……Page 494
September 18……Page 496
September 19……Page 498
500mb Prog Charts……Page 501
Return from Hawaii……Page 502
Leaving Port……Page 503
Making Northing……Page 504
Cutting Across the High……Page 505
Fog……Page 509
Forecasting Sea Fog……Page 510
Radiation Fog……Page 511
Using a Sling Psychrometer……Page 512
Land Mass Compression……Page 513
The Sea Breeze……Page 514
Down-slope (Katabatic) Winds……Page 517
Headlands……Page 518
Coastal Tactics……Page 520
Holes in the Wind……Page 522
South Africa……Page 523
Coastal Tactics……Page 526
Current……Page 529
Cape Hatteras Weather……Page 530
Gulf Stream Crossing Tactics……Page 531
Atypical Weather Patterns……Page 536
Pilot Charts……Page 537
Equinoctial Gale Season……Page 538
Tropics……Page 539
Against the Trades……Page 540
Extreme Temperature Gradients……Page 541
The Herd Mentality……Page 542
Long-Term Cruising……Page 543
What to Expect……Page 544
Using Radar……Page 545
Tropical and Extratropical Storm Size Comparison……Page 547
Weather System Speed……Page 549
Defining a Good Window……Page 550
U.S. East Coast Departure……Page 551
Risk Assessment……Page 556
Discussing Weather Windows……Page 557
Severe Weather Review……Page 558
Extratropical Review……Page 559
Priorities……Page 560
Wind Instruments……Page 561
Weather Radar……Page 562
Control Settings……Page 563
Weather Alarm……Page 564
Satellite Direct Receivers……Page 565
Satellite Direct Suppliers……Page 569
Weather Routing Software……Page 570
Practice!……Page 571
Suggested Web Sites……Page 572
GRIB Files……Page 573
Vis5D……Page 575
Afterword……Page 577
Books……Page 579
INDEX……Page 582
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