Design of Linear RF Outphasing Power Amplifiers

Xuejun Zhang, Lawrence E. Larson, Peter Asbeck1580533744, 9781580533744, 9781580536127

This is the first book devoted exclusively to the outphasing power amplifier, covering the most recent research results on important aspects in practical design and applications. A compilation of all the proposed outphasing approaches, this is an important resource for engineers designing base station and mobile handset amplifiers, engineering managers and program managers supervising power amplifier designs, and R&D personnel in industry. The work enables you to: design microwave power amplifiers with higher efficiency and improved linearity at a lower cost; understand linearity and performance tradeoffs in microwave power amplifiers; and understand the effect of new modulation techniques on microwave power amplifiers.The book opens with an introduction to wireless communication standards and the requirements they impose on power amplifiers, together with a historical review of the outphasing power amplifier. Plus, this unique resource investigates various factors that contribute to outphasing system linearity degradation, reviews and compares various approaches for path mismatch reduction and linearity performance improvement. What’s more, the book raises the issue of efficiency-isolation trade-off on power combining, discusses combining methods and choices of power amplifiers, and analyzes efficiency enhancement techniques.

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Table of contents :
TeamLiB……Page 1
Cover……Page 2
Contents……Page 9
Preface……Page 13
1.1 The Role of Power Amplifiers in Wireless Communication Systems……Page 16
1.2 Characterization of Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications……Page 20
1.2.1 Power Amplifier Waveform Quality Measurements……Page 21
1.2.2 Power Efficiency Measurements……Page 34
1.3 Power Amplifier Linearization and Efficiency-Enhancement Techniques……Page 37
1.4.1 Historical Perspectives on Outphasing Power Amplifiers……Page 42
1.4.2 Introduction to the Theory of Outphasing Amplification……Page 44
2.1 Introduction……Page 50
2.2.1 QPSK and Its Variations……Page 51
2.3 Baseband Filtering of Digital Data……Page 56
2.3.1 Raised Cosine Filter……Page 60
2.3.2 Gaussian Filter……Page 64
2.3.3 IS- 95 Baseband Filter……Page 65
2.4 Signal Component Separation for Outphasing Amplifiers……Page 66
2.5 Path Imbalance and Its Effects on Linearity……Page 76
2.5.1 Two- Tone Linearity Analysis of an Outphased Amplifier with Path Mismatch Effects……Page 77
2.5.2 ACI Estimation with Gain and Phase Mismatch……Page 79
2.6 Effect of Quadrature Modulator Errors on Linearity……Page 82
2.6.1 Quadrature Modulator Error Minimization……Page 84
2.6.2 Quadrature Modulator Error Effects on Outphasing Systems……Page 87
2.7.1 Error Effects of Quantization of the Source Signal……Page 90
2.7.2 Error Effects of Quantization of the Quadrature Signal……Page 91
2.8 Linearity Effects of Reconstruction Filter and DSP Sampling Rate……Page 94
2.9 Summary……Page 96
3.1 Introduction……Page 102
3.2 Correction Schemes Based on Training Vectors……Page 103
3.2.1 Baseband Preconditioning of Path Mismatch Errors……Page 104
3.2.2 Foreground Calibration Algorithm of Path Mismatch Errors……Page 106
3.3.2 Simplex Search Algorithm Correction……Page 117
3.3.1 Phase- Only Correction Approach……Page 116
3.3.3 Direct Search Algorithm……Page 119
3.3.4 Background Calibration Algorithm……Page 120
3.4 Mismatch Correction Scheme for Broadband Applications……Page 127
3.5 VCO- Derived Synthesis……Page 129
3.5.1 CALLUM……Page 134
3.5.2 VLL……Page 139
4.1 Introduction……Page 144
4.2 Power- Combining Techniques for Outphasing Amplifiers……Page 145
4.3 Amplifier Choices for Outphasing Systems……Page 150
4.4 Outphasing Amplifier Design Using Class A, B, and C Amplifiers……Page 152
4.5 Chireix Power- Combining Technique……Page 157
4.6 Combiner Design for Switching- Mode ( Class D and Class E) Amplifiers……Page 160
4.6.1 Analysis of MOSFET- Based Class D Outphasing Amplifier with Lossless Combining……Page 162
4.6.2 Simulation and Discussion of MOS- Based Class D with Lossless Combining……Page 168
4.7 Application of Lossy Power Combiners to Outphasing Power Amplifiers……Page 171
4.8 Probability Distribution of Output Power and Its Impact on Efficiency……Page 174
4.9 Power Recycling in Outphasing Amplifiers……Page 178
Signal……Page 179
4.9.2 Analysis and Discussion for Linear- Modulated Signals……Page 191
4.9.3 Practical Implementations……Page 199
4A. 1 Available Power from the Hybrid Combiner……Page 201
4A. 2 Recycling Efficiency and VSWR for Arbitrary Diode Model……Page 203
About the Authors……Page 206
Index……Page 208