U.S. Department of Energy. Fundamentals Handbook. Thermodynamics

Table of contents :
ABSTRACT……Page 3
FOREWORD……Page 5
OVERVIEW……Page 7
THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSFER, AND FLUID FLOW Module 1 Thermodynamics……Page 11
TABLE OF CONTENTS……Page 13
LIST OF FIGURES……Page 16
LIST OF TABLES……Page 19
REFERENCES……Page 20
OBJECTIVES……Page 22
Mass and Weight……Page 27
Density……Page 29
Intensive and Extensive Properties……Page 30
Summary……Page 31
Temperature Scales……Page 32
Pressure Scales……Page 35
Summary……Page 38
Potential Energy……Page 40
Kinetic Energy……Page 41
Specific Internal Energy……Page 42
Specific P-V Energy……Page 43
Work……Page 44
Heat……Page 45
Entropy……Page 48
Energy and Power Equivalences……Page 49
Summary……Page 51
Thermodynamic Systems and Surroundings……Page 52
Steady State……Page 53
Irreversible Processv……Page 54
Throttling Process……Page 55
Summary……Page 56
Classification of Properties……Page 57
Saturated and Subcooled Liquids……Page 59
Quality……Page 60
Constant Pressure Heat Addition……Page 61
Fusion……Page 62
Triple Point……Page 63
Summary……Page 64
Property Diagrams……Page 67
Pressure-Temperature (P-T) Diagram……Page 68
Pressure-Specific Volume (P-v) Diagram……Page 69
Pressure-Enthalpy (P-h) Diagram……Page 70
Enthalpy-Temperature (h-T) Diagram……Page 71
Temperature-Entropy (T-s) Diagram……Page 72
Steam Tables……Page 73
Summary……Page 78
First Law of Thermodynamics……Page 79
Summary……Page 94
Second Law of Thermodynamics……Page 95
Entropy……Page 96
Carnot Cycle……Page 98
Diagrams of Ideal and Real Processes……Page 103
Power Plant Components……Page 104
Heat Rejection……Page 111
Typical Steam Cycle……Page 116
Causes of Inefficiency……Page 121
Summary……Page 122
Boyle’s and Charles’ Laws……Page 123
Ideal Gas Law……Page 124
Compressibility of Fluids……Page 125
Effects of Pressure Changes on Fluid Properties……Page 126
Effects of Temperature Changes on Fluid Properties……Page 127
Summary……Page 128
Appendix A Thermodynamics……Page 129