Computational Rheology for Pipeline and Annular Flow

Wilson C. Chin PhD9780884153207, 0884153207

Computational Rheology for Pipeline and Annular Flow develops and applies modern analytical and computational finite difference methods for solving flow problems in drilling and production. It also provides valuable insights into flow assurance analysis in subsea pipeline design. Using modeling techniques that simulate the motion of non-Newtonian fluids, e.g., power law, Bingham plastic, and Herschel-Bulkley flows, this book presents proven annular flow methodologies for cuttings transport and stuck pipe analysis based on detailed experimental data obtained from highly deviated and horizontal wells. These methods are applied for highly eccentric borehole geometries to the design of pipeline bundles in subsea applications, where such annular configurations arise in velocity and thermal modeling applications.

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Table of contents :
TOC……Page 3
Eccentric, Nonrotating, Annular Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25……Page 5
Applications to Drilling and Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113……Page 6
Solids Deposition Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190……Page 7
Author Biography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257……Page 8
1 Introduction: Basic Principles and Applications……Page 11
WHY STUDY RHEOLOGY?……Page 15
REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS……Page 17
OVERVIEW OF ANNULAR FLOW……Page 21
REVIEW OF PRIOR ANNULAR MODELS……Page 23
THE NEW COMPUTATIONAL MODELS……Page 24
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS……Page 27
PHILOSOPHY OF NUMERICAL MODELING……Page 30
2 Eccentric, Nonrotating, Annular Flow……Page 35
THEORY AND MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION……Page 36
BOUNDARY CONFORMING GRID GENERATION……Page 43
NUMERICAL FINITE DIFFERENCE SOLUTION……Page 45
DETAILED CALCULATED RESULTS2……Page 47
GENERAL GOVERNING EQUATIONS……Page 79
EXACT SOLUTION FOR NEWTONIAN FLOWS……Page 82
NARROW ANNULUS POWER LAW SOLUTION……Page 86
ANALYTICAL VALIDATION……Page 90
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NEWTONIAN AND POWER LAW FLOWS……Page 91
MORE APPLICATIONS FORMULAS……Page 93
DETAILED CALCULATED RESULTS3……Page 95
4 Recirculating Annular Vortex Flows……Page 110
WHAT ARE RECIRCULATING VORTEX FLOWS?……Page 111
MOTIVATING IDEAS AND CONTROLLING VARIABLES……Page 112
DETAILED CALCULATED RESULTS……Page 113
HOW TO AVOID STAGNANT BUBBLES……Page 120
A PRACTICAL EXAMPLE……Page 121
REFERENCES……Page 122
5 Applications to Drilling and Production……Page 123
Discussion 1. Water- Base Muds……Page 125
Discussion 2. Cuttings Transport Database……Page 130
FAST SOLUTIONS TO LAPLACE’S EQUATION……Page 0
Discussion 4. Effect of Cuttings Bed Thickness……Page 135
Discussion 5. Why 45o – 60o Inclinations Are Worst……Page 138
Discussion 6. Key Issues in Cuttings Transport……Page 139
EVALUATION OF SPOTTING FLUIDS FOR STUCK PIPE……Page 141
CEMENTING APPLICATIONS……Page 145
Example 1. Eccentric Nonrotating Flow, Baseline Concentric Case……Page 146
Example 2. Eccentric Nonrotating Flow, Eccentric Circular Case……Page 149
Example 3. Eccentric Nonrotating Flow, A Severe Washout……Page 151
Example 4. Eccentric Nonrotating Flow, Casing with Centralizers…….Page 152
Example 5. Concentric Rotating Flows, Stationary Baseline……Page 156
Averaged Values of Annular Quantities……Page 158
Example 6. Concentric Rotating Flows, Rotating Casing……Page 160
Heavily Clogged Stuck Pipe……Page 163
CONCLUSIONS……Page 165
6 Bundled Pipelines: Coupled Annular Velocity and Temperature……Page 169
COMPUTER VISUALIZATION AND SPEECH SYNTHESIS……Page 170
COUPLED VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE FIELDS……Page 173
7 Pipe Flow Modeling in General Ducts……Page 178
NEWTONIAN FLOW IN CIRCULAR PIPES……Page 179
FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD……Page 180
NEWTONIAN FLOW IN RECTANGULAR DUCTS……Page 184
GENERAL BOUNDARY CONFORMING GRID SYSTEMS……Page 190
CLOGGED ANNULUS AND STUCK PIPE MODELING……Page 196
8 Solids Deposition Modeling……Page 200
Mudcake buildup on porous rock…….Page 201
DEPOSITION MECHANICS……Page 205
WAXES AND PARAFFINS, BASIC IDEAS……Page 207
MODELING CONCEPTS AND INTEGRATION……Page 213
Simulation 1. Wax Deposition with Newtonian Flow in Circular Duct……Page 215
Simulation 2. Hydrate Plug with Newtonian Flow in Circular Duct……Page 220
Simulation 3. Hydrate Plug with Newtonian Flow in Circular Duct……Page 223
Simulation 4. Hydrate Plug with Power Law Flow in Circular Duct……Page 225
Simulation 5. Hydrate Plug, Herschel-Bulkley Flow in Circular Duct……Page 228
Simulation 6. Eroding a Clogged Bed……Page 232
9 Pipe Bends, Secondary Flows, and Fluid Heterogeneities……Page 241
MODELING NON- NEWTONIAN DUCT FLOW IN PIPE BENDS……Page 242
FLUID HETEROGENEITIES AND SECONDARY FLOWS……Page 248
COMPLICATED PROBLEM DOMAINS……Page 251
CONVERGENCE ACCELERATION……Page 256
SPECIAL RHEOLOGICAL MODELS……Page 259
SOFTWARE NOTES……Page 262