Atrocity, Punishment, and International Law

Mark A. Drumbl0521870895, 9780521870894, 9780521691383, 0521691389

This book rethinks how people who perpetrate atrocity crimes should be punished. Based on an ‘on the ground’ review of the sentencing of perpetrators of genocide and crimes against humanity in Rwanda, Bosnia, East Timor, and other places afflicted by atrocity, this book concludes that the international community’s preference for prosecution and imprisonment may not be as effective as we hope. Instead, this book calls for a broader-based response to atrocity that welcomes bottom-up perspectives, including restorative, reparative, and reintegrative traditions, that may differ from the adversarial Western criminal trial. The time has come for international criminal law as a discipline to move beyond nascence and to welcome a more challenging stage: that of re-appraisal and self-improvement.

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Table of contents :
Cover……Page 1
Half-title……Page 3
Title……Page 5
Copyright……Page 6
Dedication……Page 7
Contents……Page 9
Preface and Acknowledgments……Page 13
List of Abbreviations……Page 17
Atrocity, punishment, and international law……Page 19
CHAPTER 1 Extraordinary Crime and Ordinary Punishment: An Overview……Page 21
(i) Extraordinary crime……Page 23
(ii) Ordinary process and punishment……Page 26
(iii) Punishment in international and national institutions……Page 31
(iv) Deconstruction: the disconnect between aspirations of punishment and realities of sentence……Page 35
(v) …and reconstitution……Page 38
(vi) Conclusion……Page 41
CHAPTER 2 Conformity and Deviance……Page 43
(i) Perpetrators and beneficiaries……Page 45
(ii) Conformity, transgression, and the group……Page 49
(iii) Posttraumatic liberalism disorder……Page 55
(iv) Victims……Page 61
(v) Conclusion: law on borrowed stilts……Page 64
CHAPTER 3 Punishment of International Crimes in International Criminal Tribunals……Page 66
(i) Positive law frameworks of contemporary institutions……Page 70
(ii) Sentencing practice……Page 75
(iii) Penological justification and implementation: the jurisprudence……Page 79
a Why Punish?……Page 80
b What Factors to Consider in Punishing?……Page 83
(iv) Conclusion……Page 86
CHAPTER 4 Punishment of International Crimes in National and Local Criminal Justice Institutions……Page 88
(i) Rwanda……Page 91
a National Courts in Rwanda, Including Specialized Chambers……Page 93
b Foreign National or Military Courts……Page 103
c Gacaca……Page 105
a Positive Law Frameworks……Page 119
b Courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina……Page 125
c Courts in Serbia……Page 126
d Courts in Croatia……Page 127
e Foreign Courts……Page 129
(iii) World war ii……Page 130
a Immediate Aftermath of the War……Page 132
b From the 1960s Onward……Page 135
(iv) Conclusion……Page 141
CHAPTER 5 Legal Mimicry……Page 143
(i) Transplants and legal geologies……Page 145
(ii) Externalization of justice……Page 147
(iii) Democratic deficits……Page 153
(iv) Referrals……Page 158
(v) Complementarity……Page 161
(vi) Conclusion……Page 167
CHAPTER 6 Quest for Purpose……Page 169
(i) Retribution……Page 170
a Selectivity……Page 171
b Severity of Sanction and Discretion of Sentencing Judges……Page 174
c Plea Bargaining……Page 183
(ii) Deterrence……Page 189
(iii) Expressivism……Page 193
a Selective Truths……Page 196
b Interrupted Performances……Page 197
c Management Strategies……Page 198
d Pleading Out……Page 199
(iv) Conclusion……Page 200
CHAPTER 7 From Law to Justice……Page 201
(i) Pluralist process for universal evil?……Page 202
(ii) Cosmopolitan theory……Page 205
(iii) Vertical authority allocations: a case for qualified deference……Page 207
(iv) Horizontal dimensions: obligation in multiple orders……Page 214
(v) Conclusion……Page 225
CHAPTER 8 Conclusion: Some Immediate Implications……Page 226
(i) Legal institutions and jurisprudence……Page 227
(iii) Closing note: critique and renewal……Page 229
1. Extraordinary crime and ordinary punishment: an overview……Page 231
2. Conformity and deviance……Page 241
3. Punishment of international crimes in international criminal tribunals……Page 249
4. Punishment of international crimes in national and local criminal justice institutions……Page 262
5. Legal mimicry……Page 278
6. Quest for purpose……Page 288
7. From law to justice……Page 297
8. Conclusion: some immediate implications……Page 303
Index……Page 305