Pumping Station Design

Sanks R.L.1-7506-9483-1

This comprehensive, information-rich book for pumping station design consists of twenty-nine chapters and nine appendices. …The preface to the book’s second edition vividly expresses the editor-in-chief’s passion and devotion to the goal of preparing an immensely informative book on pumping station design. I believe that the editor-in-chief and his colleagues have achieved that goal admirably. …This book will be found very useful by engineers and planners, consulting and manufacturing firms, and government and municipal agencies. Additionally, it will be found very useful by educators teaching diverse aspects of environmental and water-resources engineering. …The reviewer saluted the editor-in-chief, the co-editors, and the many contributors for their effort in preparing a book that contains a great wealth of knowledge of direct importance for pumping station design.

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Table of contents :
Contents……Page 4
List of Examples……Page 18
Locator for Equations, Figures and Tables……Page 20
Preface to the Second Edition……Page 24
Acknowledgements……Page 25
Preface to the First Edition……Page 26
Authors and Contributors……Page 28
1-2 Responsibilities of Project Engineers……Page 35
1-5 Manufacturer’s Recommendations……Page 36
1-7 How to Utilize This Book……Page 37
1-8 How to Select Consulting Engineering Firms……Page 38
1-9 Value Engineering……Page 39
1-10 Ensuring Quality and Economy……Page 40
1-11 Avoiding Litigation……Page 41
1-13 Operator Training……Page 42
1-14 References……Page 43
2-1 Abbreviations……Page 44
2-2 Definitions……Page 50
2-4 Supplementary Reading……Page 56
3-1 Fundamentals of Hydraulics……Page 66
3-2 Friction Losses in Pipe……Page 68
3-3 Pipe Tables……Page 73
3-5 Friction Losses in Open Channel Flow……Page 76
3-6 Energy in Pressurized Pipe Flow……Page 78
3-7 Energy in Open Channel Flow……Page 80
3-8 Unbalanced Hydraulic Forces……Page 84
3-9 Field Measurement of Friction Coefficient……Page 86
3-11 Unsteady Flow……Page 95
3-12 Model Studies……Page 96
3-14 References……Page 99
4. Piping……Page 101
4-1 Selection of Exposed Pipe……Page 102
4-2 Selection of Buried Piping……Page 110
4-3 Ductile Iron Pipe (DIP)……Page 116
4-5 Plastic Pipe……Page 120
4-7 Reinforced Concrete Pressure Pipe (RCPP)……Page 122
4-8 Design of Piping……Page 123
4-9 Special Piping and Plumbing……Page 134
4-10 References……Page 137
4-11 Supplementary Reading……Page 138
5-1 Designing for Quality……Page 139
5-2 Isolation Valves……Page 142
5-3 Sluice Gates, Shear Gates, Flap Valves, and Stop Plates……Page 151
5-4 Check Valves……Page 153
5-5 Control Valves……Page 158
5-6 Valve Actuators……Page 162
5-7 Air and Vacuum Valves……Page 164
5-8 aterials of Construction……Page 166
5-9 Installation of Valves……Page 167
5-11 References……Page 168
6-1 Introduction……Page 170
6-3 Methods of Analysis……Page 171
6-4 Surge Concepts in Frictionless Flow……Page 172
6-5 Slow Closure of Valves……Page 176
6-6 Surge Concepts in Flow with Friction……Page 179
6-7 Column Separation……Page 180
6-8 Criteria for Conducting Transient Analysis……Page 181
6-9 References……Page 182
7-1 Overview of Hydraulic Transient Control Strategies……Page 183
7-2 Control of Pumps……Page 190
7-3 Control Tanks……Page 191
7-4 Valves for Transient Control……Page 192
7-6 Surge Control for Water Pumping Stations……Page 194
7-7 Surge Control for Raw Sewage Pumping Stations……Page 199
7-8 Pipeline Design……Page 200
7-9 Computer Analysis……Page 202
7-10 Transients in Distribution Systems……Page 206
7-11 References……Page 207
8-1 Definitions and Code References……Page 208
8-2 Electrical Fundamentals……Page 209
8-3 Power and Control System Elements……Page 216
8-4 Standby Generators and Auxiliaries……Page 232
8-5 Grounding……Page 234
8-6 Lighting and Power Outlets……Page 237
8-7 Electrical Circuit Diagrams……Page 240
8-8 Power and Control System Practices……Page 243
8-10 Supplementary Reading……Page 246
9-1 Final Construction Drawings……Page 247
9-2 Specifications……Page 249
9-3 Contacting Utilities……Page 250
9-5 Load Estimation……Page 251
9-6 Overcurrent Protection and Conductor Sizing……Page 254
9-7 Lighting……Page 260
9-8 Power Factor……Page 262
9-9 Engine-Generator Sizing……Page 263
9-10 Short Circuit Current Calculations……Page 265
9-12 Construction Service……Page 267
9-13 References……Page 268
10-2 Pump Application Terminology, Equations, and Performance Curves……Page 269
10-3 Pump Operating Characteristics……Page 276
10-4 Cavitation……Page 283
10-5 Pump Characteristic Curves……Page 290
10-6 Pump Operating Ranges……Page 293
10-7 Elementary Pump System Analysis……Page 294
10-8 Practical Pumping System H-Q Curve Analysis……Page 299
10-10 References……Page 304
11-1 General Classifications of Pumps……Page 305
11-2 Classification of Centrifugal Pumps……Page 310
11-3 Construction of Centrifugal Pumps……Page 311
11-4 Overhung-Impeller Pumps……Page 320
11-5 Impeller-between-Bearings Pumps……Page 328
11-6 Classification of Vertical Pumps……Page 329
11-7 Construction of Vertical Pumps……Page 330
11-8 Types of Vertical Pumps……Page 335
11-9 Positive-Displacement Pumps……Page 337
11-10 Special Pumps……Page 340
11-11 Summary of Typical Pump Applications……Page 342
11-13 Supplementary Reading……Page 343
12-1 Initial Screening……Page 344
12-2 Final Selection……Page 347
12-3 Illustrative Examples……Page 348
12-4 Summary and General Considerations in Pump Selection……Page 364
12-5 Installation……Page 367
12-6 Pump Intake Basins: An Appraisal……Page 377
12-7 Pump Intake Basin Design……Page 383
12-8 References……Page 426
13-1 General……Page 428
13-2 Applications of Motors……Page 430
13-3 Fundamentals……Page 432
13-4 Types of Motors for Pump Drivers……Page 434
13-6 Motor Speed……Page 437
13-7 Motor Voltage……Page 438
13-8 Enclosures……Page 439
13-9 Insulation……Page 440
13-10 Service Factors for Squirrel-Cage Motors……Page 441
13-11 Motor Starting Frequency……Page 444
13-12 Micellaneous Motor Features……Page 445
13-13 Specifying Pumping Unit Drivers……Page 447
13-15 Design Checklist……Page 448
13-16 References……Page 449
14-1 Selecting and Engine Drive……Page 450
14-2 Duty Cycle……Page 451
14-3 Fuel for Engines……Page 452
14-6 Application Criteria……Page 455
14-9 Controls……Page 457
14-11 Accessories for Engines……Page 458
14-12 Combustion Air……Page 459
14-14 Pollution Control……Page 462
14-15 Vibration Isolation……Page 463
14-19 Service Piping……Page 464
14-20 Building Envelope……Page 465
14-22 Maintenance……Page 466
15. Variable-Speed Pumping……Page 469
15-1 Variable Speed versus Constant Speed……Page 470
15-2 Design Considerations……Page 471
15-3 Theory of Variable-Speed Pumping……Page 472
15-4 Pump Selection……Page 476
15-5 Variable- and Constant-Speed Pumps in Simultaneous Operation……Page 480
15-6 Special Design Considerations……Page 483
15-7 Analysis of Variable-Speed Booster Pumping……Page 484
15-8 Minimum Discharge Rate……Page 488
15-9 Operations in Booster Pumping……Page 491
15-10 Simultaneous Operation of V/S and C/S Booster Pumps……Page 492
5-11 Adjustable- and Variable-Speed Drives……Page 493
5-12 References……Page 509
16-1 Comparison of Two Approaches to Writing Specifications……Page 510
16-3 Nonrestrictive Specifications……Page 511
16-4 Operating Conditions……Page 512
16-6 Pump Testing……Page 513
16-10 Seals……Page 517
16-15 Optimum Efficiency……Page 518
16-16 References……Page 519
17-1 Organization and Control of the Process……Page 520
17-2 Preliminary Engineering……Page 521
17-3 Detailed Layout……Page 524
17-4 Detailed Design……Page 528
17-5 Examples of Large Lift Stations……Page 529
17-6 Examples of Medium-Size Lift Stations……Page 539
17-7 Examples of Small Lift Stations……Page 547
17-8 References……Page 553
18-2 Pumping Station Flow and Pressure Requirements……Page 554
18-3 Raw Water Pumping from Rivers and Lakes……Page 558
18-4 Raw Water Pumping from Aqueducts……Page 569
18-5 Well Pumps with Elevated Tanks……Page 576
18-6 Booster Pumping Stations……Page 585
18-8 Suggested Reading……Page 596
19. System Design for Sludge Pumping……Page 597
19-1 Hydraulic Design……Page 598
19-2 Types of Pumps……Page 605
19-3 Pumping System Design……Page 609
19-4 Piping System Design……Page 619
19-6 References……Page 623
20-1 Reliability……Page 625
20-2 Instrument Selection……Page 626
20-3 Level Measurements……Page 629
20-4 Pressure Meassurements……Page 634
20-5 Flow Measurements in Pipes……Page 636
20-6 Open Channel Flow Measurement……Page 642
20-7 Cholorine Residual Measurement……Page 643
20-8 Utility and Environmental Measurements……Page 644
20-9 Pumping Unit Monitors……Page 646
20-10 Control Equipment……Page 647
20-11 Control Logic……Page 648
20-12 Altitude Valves……Page 649
20-13 Monitoring and Data Acquisition……Page 650
20-14 Design Considerations……Page 651
20-16 Supplementary Reading……Page 652
21-1 Process and Insturmentation Diagrams……Page 653
21-2 Well Pump with Hydropneumatic Tank……Page 654
21-3 Booster Stations……Page 655
21-4 High-Service Pumping Station……Page 656
21-5 Small Wastewater Lift Station……Page 657
21-6 Moderately Sized Lift Station……Page 659
21-7 Large Wastewater Pumping Station……Page 660
22-1 Problems of Vibration and Noise……Page 664
22-2 Avoiding Vibration Problems……Page 666
22-3 Troubleshooting Excessive Vibration……Page 673
22-4 Introduction to Vibration and Noise Calculations……Page 682
22-5 Vibration and Noise Characteristics……Page 685
22-6 Applicable Codes……Page 688
22-8 Vibration Isolation Theory……Page 692
22-9 Vibration Isolators……Page 695
22-10 Piping Vibration……Page 698
22-11 Vibration of Drive Shafts……Page 708
22-12 Vibration of Structures……Page 712
22-13 Noise……Page 714
22-14 Reducing Exterior Nosie……Page 724
22-15 References……Page 726
23-1 Need for Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning……Page 728
23-2 HVAC Design Criteria……Page 731
23-3 Order Control……Page 733
23-4 Dry Well Design Guidelines……Page 737
23-7 Sequence of Design Steps……Page 741
23-8 Ventilating System Design……Page 743
23-9 Design of Heating Systems……Page 751
23-10 Design of Building Cooling Systems……Page 755
23-11 Design of Refrigerated Cooling Systems……Page 757
23-23 Supplementary Reading……Page 760
24-2 Landscaping……Page 761
24-3 Hydraulics……Page 762
24-4 Mechanical Considerations……Page 763
24-5 Electrical Considerations……Page 764
24-8 Specifications……Page 765
24-9 Operators’ Preferences……Page 766
24-10 Survey of Two Thousand Wastewater Pumping Sations……Page 774
24-11 References……Page 782
25. Summary of Design Considerations……Page 783
25-1 Need for Pumping Stations……Page 784
25-2 Site Selection……Page 785
25-3 Architectural and Environmental Considerations……Page 787
25-4 Future Expansion……Page 791
25-5 Hydraulic Constraints……Page 792
25-6 Types of Pumping Stations……Page 793
25-7 Power, Drivers, and Standby……Page 804
25-8 Station Auxiliaries……Page 810
25-9 Instruments and Control……Page 813
25-10 Structural Design……Page 814
25-11 Concrete Protection: Coatings and Linings……Page 822
25-12 Force Main Design……Page 823
25-13 References……Page 824
26. Pumping Station Design Examples……Page 825
26-1 Redesigned Clyde Wastewater Pumping Station……Page 826
26-2 Redesigned Kirkland Wastewater Pumping Station……Page 832
26-3 Jameson Canyon Raw Water Pumping Station……Page 838
26-4 Albany Combined Sewer Overflow Pumping Station (CSO PS 88)……Page 841
26-5 References……Page 845
27-1 General……Page 849
27-4 Safety……Page 850
27-5 Hydraulics……Page 851
27-6 Pumps……Page 852
27-7 Valves……Page 855
27-8 Mechanical……Page 857
27-9 Electrical……Page 858
27-11 Specifications……Page 859
27-15 Design Reviews……Page 860
27-17 References……Page 862
28-1 General……Page 863
28-2 Contractual or Legal Documents……Page 864
28-3 Technical Specifications……Page 866
28-4 Source Material……Page 867
28-5 Specifying Quality……Page 869
28-7 References……Page 870
29-1 Cost Index……Page 872
29-2 Cost Curves……Page 874
29-3 Maintenance and Energy……Page 878
29-4 Interest Formulas……Page 881
29-5 Cost Estimates……Page 883
29-6 References……Page 898
Appendix A: Physical Data……Page 900
Appendix B: Data for Flow in Pipes, Fittings, and Valves……Page 909
Appendix C: Typical Specifications for Pumps and Drivers……Page 926
Appendix D: Common Blunders……Page 939
Appendix E: Codes, Specifications, and Standards……Page 941
Appendix F: Publishers……Page 949
Appendix G: Checklist for Project Reviews……Page 955
Appendix H: Start-Up……Page 961
Appendix I: Addenda……Page 979
Index……Page 982