Migration constitutional ideas

Sujit Choudhry0521864828, 9780521864824

The migration of constitutional ideas across jurisdictions is rapidlyemerging as one of the central features of contemporary constitutionalpractice. The increasing use of comparative jurisprudence in interpretingconstitutions is one example of this. In this book, leading figures in thestudy of comparative constitutionalism and comparative constitutionalpolitics from North America, Europe, and Australia discuss the dynamicprocesses whereby constitutional systems influence each other. Theyexplore basic methodological questions which have thus far received littleattention, and examine the complex relationship between national andsupranational constitutionalism – an issue of considerable contemporaryinterest in Europe. The migration of constitutional ideas is discussed from avariety of methodological perspectives – comparative law, comparativepolitics, and cultural studies of law – and contributors draw on case studiesfrom a wide variety of jurisdictions: Australia, Hungary, India, SouthAfrica, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada.

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Table of contents :
Cover……Page 1
Half-title……Page 3
Title……Page 5
Copyright……Page 6
Contents……Page 7
Contributors……Page 9
Acknowledgements……Page 11
The politics of comparative constitutional law……Page 13
Situating the migration of constitutional ideas in the discipline of comparative constitutional law……Page 25
Comparative law and legal transplants……Page 29
The migration of constitutional ideas and dialogical interpretation……Page 31
Part I: The methodology of comparativism……Page 37
Part II: Convergence toward a liberal democratic model?……Page 39
Part III: Comparative constitutional law, international law and transnational governance……Page 42
Part IV: Comparative constitutional law in action – constitutionalism post 9/11……Page 44
Conclusion……Page 46
PART I The methodology of comparativism……Page 49
2 On the blurred methodological matrix of comparative constitutional law……Page 51
Four types of comparative inquiry……Page 52
Principles of case selection in inference-oriented comparative studies……Page 59
The ‘most similar cases’ logic……Page 60
The ‘most different cases’ logic……Page 63
‘Prototypical cases’……Page 65
‘Most difficult’ cases……Page 67
‘Outlier cases’……Page 70
Towards a unified study of the migration of constitutional ideas……Page 75
3 Some reflections on method in comparative constitutional law……Page 79
Introduction……Page 96
The postwar constitutional paradigm……Page 101
The postwar paradigm and the Warren Court……Page 110
Lochner and the postwar constitutional paradigm……Page 117
Conclusion……Page 122
PART II Convergence toward a liberal democratic model?……Page 125
Introduction……Page 127
The ‘end of history’?……Page 131
Judicial creativity……Page 136
Legal authority to change constitutions through interpretation……Page 137
Original meaning……Page 141
Implied principles……Page 144
Moral authority to change constitutions through interpretation……Page 149
Conclusion……Page 152
Introduction……Page 154
Core liberalism, free speech rights, and the dynamic between liberalism and illiberalism……Page 155
Liberalism and free speech doctrine in the United States and Germany……Page 158
Hate speech……Page 161
Defamation of public figures……Page 164
Desecration of national symbols……Page 166
Liberalism, illiberalism and freedom of speech in Hungary……Page 168
The emergence of free speech in Hungary……Page 169
The concept of freedom of speech according to the Constitutional Court……Page 170
Hate speech and the clear and present danger test……Page 173
Defamation of public figures……Page 176
Desecration of national symbols……Page 178
Assessing the fate of free speech liberalism in Hungary……Page 180
Erosion of the liberal position……Page 182
Multi-layered liberalism……Page 184
Conclusion……Page 187
Introduction……Page 190
Underlying constitutional principles and the Secession Reference……Page 191
Principles in the civil law tradition……Page 201
The constitution as an overarching jus commune……Page 210
Conclusion……Page 215
8 Migrating marriages and comparative constitutionalism……Page 221
The migration of constitutional ideas……Page 223
Migrating marriages……Page 233
Migrating cultural representations……Page 237
Conclusion……Page 240
PART III Comparative constitutional law, international law and transnational governance……Page 243
Introduction……Page 245
Complex migrations: constitutional values within the domestic legal order……Page 247
The influential authority of constitutional values……Page 248
The outer limit: the estoppel-like effect of constitutional values……Page 252
The estoppel effect and the erosion of the traditional picture: common law origins……Page 254
Constitutionalized public policy estoppel: Canada Trust……Page 257
The traditional paradigm: the legacy of Shelley v. Kraemer……Page 259
The South African example: border crossings in De Klerk……Page 263
Conclusion……Page 267
Introduction……Page 268
A constitutionalist model: four principles of engagement……Page 273
Formal legitimacy: the principle of international legality……Page 274
Jurisdictional legitimacy: the principle of subsidiarity……Page 276
Procedural legitimacy: the principle of adequate participation and accountability……Page 280
The constitutionalist framework applied: illustrations……Page 285
The constitutional duty to engage: the domestic relevance of international human rights treaties……Page 287
Precluding the migration of unconstitutional ideas? Constitutional rights and the domestic review of decisions by international institutions……Page 294
Conclusions: the techniques and distinctions of graduated authority……Page 303
11 Constitution or model treaty? Struggling over the interpretive authority of NAFTA……Page 306
Intellectual origins of the constitutionalist approach to the tradition of Canadian political economy……Page 310
The constitutionalist critique……Page 314
Internationalists’ response to the constitutionalists……Page 316
International law……Page 317
The Jay Treaty……Page 320
The private law model……Page 323
Conclusion……Page 326
Introduction: beyond inter-state migration……Page 328
Democracy and constitutional migration in the EU……Page 334
Constitutional culture and constitutional migration in the EU……Page 345
Conclusion……Page 354
PART IV Comparative constitutional law in action – constitutionalism post 9/11……Page 357
13 The migration of anti-constitutional ideas: the post-9/11 globalization of public law and the international state of emergency……Page 359
International mandates after 9/11……Page 364
Constitutional constraint and the creeping state of emergency……Page 371
Criminalizing terrorism……Page 374
Freezing assets, bypassing courts……Page 380
Conclusions……Page 383
14 The post-9/11 migration of Britain’s Terrorism Act 2000……Page 386
Britain’s Terrorism Act 2000……Page 389
The United States……Page 391
Canada……Page 394
Australia……Page 398
Hong Kong……Page 401
Indonesia……Page 404
South Africa……Page 407
Conclusion……Page 412
Introduction……Page 415
The codification of martial law……Page 416
The curtailment of the right to silence in the United Kingdom……Page 421
Migration 2: practices – interrogation in depth in Finchley?……Page 427
Migration 3: constitutional attitudes – from l’Algérie française to la France algérienne……Page 429
Epilogue: Guantanamo and beyond……Page 439
Index……Page 443