Vikram S Dogra
Table of contents :
Cover……Page 1
Preface……Page 2
Sonographic technique and anatomy……Page 3
Epidemiology and natural history of urolithiasis……Page 4
Composition of renal calculi……Page 5
Color Doppler twinkling artifact……Page 6
Location……Page 7
Causes of hydronephrosis……Page 8
Physiologic effects of hydronephrosis……Page 12
Mimics of hydronephrosis……Page 13
Role of resistive indices in hydronephrosis……Page 15
References……Page 16
Embryology……Page 19
Normal anatomy……Page 21
Residual urine volume……Page 22
Congenital abnormalities……Page 23
Calculi, clots, and other debris……Page 24
Extrinsic masses……Page 25
New frontiers……Page 26
References……Page 27
Ultrasound Evaluation of Testicular Neoplasms……Page 29
Sonographic anatomy of the testis……Page 30
Malignant testicular neoplasms……Page 32
Germ cell tumors……Page 34
Seminomatous tumors (seminoma)……Page 35
Teratoma……Page 36
Choriocarcinoma……Page 37
Regressed germ cell (burned-out) tumors……Page 38
Sertoli cell tumor……Page 39
Leukemia……Page 40
Undescended testis with seminoma……Page 41
Benign tumors and tumor-like lesions……Page 42
References……Page 44
Scrotal trauma: causes and mechanism……Page 47
Intratesticular hematoma……Page 48
Dislocation……Page 49
Epididymal fracture……Page 50
Scrotal wall hematoma……Page 51
Sonographic technique……Page 52
Penile fracture……Page 53
Intracavernosal hematomas……Page 54
High-flow priapism……Page 55
References……Page 56
Definitions and epidemiology……Page 59
Sonographic penile anatomy……Page 60
Central mechanism of erection……Page 61
Peripheral and neurogenic mechanisms of erection……Page 62
Pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction……Page 63
Medical history……Page 64
Sonographic technique for evaluation of the penis……Page 65
Doppler evaluation technique of erectile dysfunction……Page 66
Evaluation of arteriogenic erectile dysfunction……Page 67
Evaluation of venous erectile dysfunction……Page 68
Evaluation of mixed (indeterminate) erectile dysfunction……Page 70
References……Page 71
Surgical technique……Page 74
Assessment of the transplant vasculature……Page 75
Parenchymal insults……Page 77
Malignancy……Page 79
Graft thrombosis……Page 80
Renal artery stenosis……Page 81
Biopsy complications……Page 82
Urinary complications……Page 84
Peritransplant collections……Page 87
References……Page 88
Normal sonographic anatomy of the pediatric kidney……Page 90
Wilms’ tumor……Page 91
Renal cell carcinoma……Page 94
Clear cell sarcoma……Page 96
Medullary carcinoma……Page 97
Renal lymphoma……Page 98
Congenital mesoblastic nephroma……Page 99
Angiomyolipoma……Page 100
Metanephric neoplasms……Page 101
References……Page 103
The piezoelectric effect……Page 106
Doppler ultrasound……Page 107
Harmonic imaging……Page 108
Extended field of view……Page 109
Three-dimensional ultrasound……Page 110
Contrast agents……Page 111
Sonoelastography……Page 112
Capacitative micromachined ultrasonic transducers……Page 113
References……Page 114
Acknowledgments……Page 116
Procedure……Page 117
Complications……Page 118
Percutaneous cyst drainage and sclerotherapy……Page 119
References……Page 120
Background……Page 122
Imaging……Page 123
Complications……Page 124
Anomalies……Page 125
Submucosal leiomyomas……Page 126
Synechiae……Page 127
Endometrial changes due to tamoxifen……Page 128
Role of sonohysterography in postmenopausal bleeding……Page 129
References……Page 131
Sonographic evaluation of the adnexal mass……Page 134
Functional ovarian cysts……Page 135
Endometriosis……Page 136
Hydrosalpinx……Page 137
Pelvic inflammatory disease……Page 138
Mature cystic teratoma……Page 139
Peritoneal inclusion cysts……Page 140
Ectopic pregnancy……Page 141
Ovarian remnant syndrome……Page 142
Mucinous cystadenoma……Page 143
Malignant adnexal masses……Page 144
Cystadenocarcinomas……Page 145
Other (nongynecologic) pelvic masses……Page 147
Role of three-dimensional ultrasound……Page 148
Role of color flow Doppler……Page 149
Quantitated color Doppler sonography……Page 151
References……Page 152
Background……Page 155
Pathophysiology……Page 156
Sonographic findings……Page 157
Management……Page 161
Recommendations……Page 162
References……Page 164
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