Origins evolution islamic law

Wael B. Hallaq0521803322, 9780521803328, 9780511265563

Covering more than three centuries of legal history, this study presents an important account of how Islam developed its own law from ancient Near Eastern legal cultures, Arabian customary law and Quranic reform. The book explores the interplay between law and politics, demonstrating how the jurists and ruling elite led a symbiotic existence that paradoxically allowed Islamic law to become uniquely independent of the “state.”

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Table of contents :
Cover……Page 1
Half-title……Page 3
Series-title……Page 4
Title……Page 5
Copyright……Page 6
Dedication……Page 7
Contents……Page 9
Maps……Page 11
Introduction……Page 17
1. THE GENERAL NEAR EASTERN BACKGROUND……Page 24
2. THE EMERGENCE OF A QURANIC LEGAL IDENTITY……Page 35
3. CONCLUSIONS AND METHODOLOGICAL REMARKS……Page 41
1. THE ARAB CONQUESTS……Page 45
2. THE PROTO-QADIS……Page 50
3. THE RELIGIOUS IMPULSE……Page 56
4. CONCLUSIONS……Page 70
1. THE EARLY JUDGES……Page 73
2. THE LEGAL SPECIALISTS EMERGE……Page 79
3. THE RISE OF PROPHETIC HADITH……Page 85
4. PROTO-TRADITIONALISM VS. RATIONALISM……Page 90
5. CONCLUSIONS……Page 92
1. DELEGATION AND THE CREATION OF JUDICIAL HIERARCHY……Page 95
2. THE COMPOSITION OF THE QADI’S COURT……Page 101
3. EXTRA-JUDICIAL TRIBUNALS……Page 115
1. SUNNAIC PRACTICE VS. PROPHETIC HADITH……Page 118
2. CONSENSUS……Page 126
3. LEGAL REASONING……Page 129
4. CONCLUSION: THE HIERARCHY OF LEGAL SOURCES……Page 135
1. THE GREAT RATIONALIST–TRADITIONALIST SYNTHESIS……Page 138
2. LEGAL THEORY ARTICULATED……Page 144
Legal language……Page 148
Imperative and prohibitive forms……Page 149
Transmission of revealed texts……Page 150
Abrogation……Page 152
Consensus……Page 154
Qiyas……Page 156
Istihsan……Page 160
Maslaha……Page 161
Ijtihad and Mujtahids……Page 162
3. CONCLUDING REMARKS……Page 163
1. THE MEANINGS OF MADHHAB……Page 166
2. FROM SCHOLARLY CIRCLES TO PERSONAL SCHOOLS……Page 169
3. FROM PERSONAL TO DOCTRINAL SCHOOLS……Page 171
4. SURVIVING AND DEFUNCT SCHOOLS……Page 183
5. DIFFUSION OF THE SCHOOLS……Page 188
CHAPTER 8 Law and politics: caliphs, judges and jurists……Page 194
Conclusion……Page 210
Glossary of key terms……Page 223
Short biographies……Page 227
PRIMARY SOURCES……Page 233
SECONDARY SOURCES……Page 235
CHAPTER 2……Page 241
CHAPTER 3……Page 242
CHAPTER 7……Page 243
ON DATING EARLY LEGAL TEXTS……Page 244
Index……Page 245