Myer Kutz, Myer Kutz0815515006, 9780815515005
Table of contents :
Cover Page……Page 1
Front Matter……Page 2
Preface……Page 5
Contributors……Page 8
Table of Contents……Page 0
Back Page……Page 10
Table of Contents……Page 11
1.3 Approach……Page 14
1.4 Results……Page 17
1.5 Discussion……Page 31
1.6 Preventive Strategies……Page 32
1.8 References……Page 33
2.2 Classification of Failures……Page 37
2.3 Analysis of Failures……Page 38
2.4 Case Histories of Environment-Related Failures……Page 39
2.6 References……Page 55
3.1 Introduction……Page 56
3.2 Immersion Tests……Page 57
3.3 Cabinet Tests……Page 62
3.4 Electrochemical Tests……Page 64
3.5 Conclusions……Page 71
3.7 Bibliography……Page 72
4.1 Introduction……Page 73
4.2 Master Curves……Page 74
4.3 Chemical Kinetics……Page 77
4.4 Thermal Decomposition Experiments……Page 79
4.5 Mechanical Experiments……Page 81
4.6 Miscellaneous Experimentation……Page 83
4.8 References……Page 84
5.2 Electrochemical Thermodynamics……Page 87
5.3 Electrochemical Kinetics and Corrosion Processes……Page 98
5.4 Experimental Polarization Curves……Page 102
5.5 Examples of Electrochemical Corrosion Measurements and Characterizations……Page 104
5.6 Summary……Page 108
5.7 References……Page 109
6.1 Introduction……Page 110
6.3 Kinetics of Oxidation……Page 111
6.4 Techniques Involved In Measuring Oxidation Behavior……Page 113
6.5 Measurement of Oxidation Kinetics……Page 114
6.6 Identification and Characterization of Scales……Page 115
6.7 Wagner Hauffe Rules……Page 117
6.9 Oxygen Tracer Technique……Page 118
6.10 Initial Oxidation or Thin Layer Oxidation……Page 120
6.11 Oxidation of Pure Metals……Page 123
6.13 Influence of Alloy Additions on Oxidation Behavior……Page 127
6.14 Oxidation Behavior of Some Commercial Alloys……Page 133
6.15 Oxidation in Mixed Gas Environments……Page 137
6.16 Phase Stability Diagrams……Page 142
6.17 Scaling Of Alloys In So2-Containing Atmospheres……Page 143
6.18 Oxidation of Fe-Cr-Al and Ni-Cr-Al Alloys In So2 and O2 Environments……Page 146
6.19 Hot Corrosion……Page 147
6.22 Stresses Developed During Thermal Cycling Conditions……Page 150
6.23 Examples of High Temperature Corrosion in Various Industries……Page 153
6.24 Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Processes……Page 156
6.25 References……Page 157
7.2 Chemical Aging……Page 158
7.4 Physical Aging……Page 159
7.6 References……Page 167
8.1 Introduction……Page 169
8.2 Concrete Properties Affecting Chloride Ingress and Threshold Values……Page 170
8.3 Corrosion Mechanisms of Steel in Concrete……Page 171
8.5 Reducing Chloride Ingress……Page 173
8.6 Corrosion Inhibitors……Page 174
8.10 Life-Cycle Modeling……Page 175
8.11 Environment and Geometry……Page 176
8.12 Summary……Page 177
8.13 References……Page 178
9.1 Introduction……Page 182
9.2 Bacterial Adhesion On Surfaces……Page 183
9.3 Mediators Of Invertebrate Settlement……Page 184
9.4 An Example With Zebra Mussels……Page 187
9.5 Corrosion Of Metals……Page 188
9.6 Biodeterioration Of Polymeric Materials……Page 195
9.7 Summary……Page 198
9.9 References……Page 199
10.1 Introduction……Page 210
10.3 Elements of Material Flammability……Page 211
10.4 Tests to Assess Material Flammability……Page 213
10.5 Methods to Improve Material Flammability……Page 220
10.6 Material Property Data……Page 222
10.7 Computer Modeling Of Material Degradation in Fires……Page 226
10.8 References……Page 227
11.2 Corrosion Fundamentals……Page 230
11.3 Galvanic Cathodic Protection Systems……Page 231
11.4 Impressed Cathodic Protection Systems……Page 238
11.5 Ground Bed Spacing……Page 239
11.6 References……Page 242
12.1 Introduction: How Flame Retardants Work……Page 243
12.2 Toxicology of DBDPO, OBDPO, PeBDPO, and HBCD……Page 246
12.3 Dioxins……Page 249
12.4 Exposure Levels……Page 255
12.5 Regulatory Controls……Page 256
12.6 References……Page 257
13.2 General Concepts……Page 260
13.3 TPC Materials……Page 261
13.4 TPC Exposure Process……Page 262
13.5 Testing and Evaluation……Page 264
13.6 Sensing Devices……Page 267
13.7 Skin Burn Damage Evaluation……Page 270
13.8 Other Modeling Components……Page 271
13.10 References……Page 273
14.2 Mechanisms and Environmental Factors……Page 275
14.3 Effects of Weathering……Page 279
14.4 Protection……Page 285
14.6 References……Page 291
15.2 Abiotic Agents……Page 296
15.3 Biotic Agents……Page 297
15.4 Decay Organisms……Page 298
15.5 Insects……Page 300
15.6 Magnitude of Wood Deterioration Losses……Page 302
15.7 Wood Protection……Page 303
15.8 Treatment Methods……Page 305
15.11 Environmental Considerations……Page 308
15.12 Preservatives……Page 309
15.13 Remedial Treatments……Page 312
15.15 References……Page 313
16.1 Introduction……Page 316
16.2 Surface Engineering Design Needs……Page 317
16.3 Sensing of Degradation Effects on Surface Chemistry……Page 321
16.4 Traditional and Emerging Surface Engineering Technologies……Page 324
16.5 The Role of Computer Modeling……Page 332
16.6 Summary……Page 334
16.7 References……Page 335
17.2 Selecting the Alloy……Page 340
17.4 Metal Surface Pretreatment……Page 343
17.5 Conversion Coatings……Page 347
17.6 Primers……Page 353
17.7 Topcoating……Page 356
17.9 Summary……Page 358
17.11 References……Page 359
18.2 Corrosion Protection by Coatings and Paints……Page 362
18.3 Engineering Alloys and Their Need for Corrosion Resistant Coatings……Page 366
18.4 Characteristics and Uses of Corrosion Resistant Paint and Coatings……Page 367
18.5 Application Methods and Surface Preparation……Page 371
18.7 Corrosion under Coatings……Page 372
18.8 Coating Degradation and Evaluation Methods……Page 373
18.9 Key Applications……Page 376
18.11 References……Page 379
19.2 Degradation Processes……Page 381
19.3 Outdoor Exposure……Page 383
19.4 Artificially Accelerated Weathering Tests……Page 387
19.5 Test Cycles……Page 392
19.7 Non-Traditional Material Evaluations……Page 396
19.9 References……Page 397
20.1 Introduction……Page 399
20.2 Thermal Spray Basics and Processes……Page 400
20.3 Materials Consumables……Page 404
20.4 Manufacturing Processes……Page 405
20.5 The Function of a Coating and Its Applications……Page 406
20.6 General Applications……Page 410
20.9 Summary……Page 415
20.10 References……Page 416
21.1 Introduction……Page 417
21.3 Testing Programs and Results……Page 418
21.4 Modeling Liquid Transport into Coated Concrete……Page 427
21.7 References……Page 440
22.1 Introduction……Page 442
22.2 Types Of Coating Defects……Page 443
22.3 Electrochemical Methods for the Local Characterization of Coatings……Page 444
22.4 Findings Through The Use of Leim and Leis……Page 445
22.5 The Use of Molecular Probes……Page 451
22.6 References……Page 453
23.1 Introduction……Page 456
23.2 Atomic Oxygen Effects……Page 457
23.3 Contamination Effects……Page 468
23.4 Space Radiation Effects……Page 470
23.5 Thermal And Thermal Cycling Effects……Page 478
23.6 Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris Effects……Page 482
23.7 Concluding Remarks……Page 485
23.8 References……Page 487
24.1 Fundamentals……Page 493
24.2 Cathodic Protection Criteria……Page 497
24.3 Field Data and Design Aspects……Page 498
24.4 Monitoring Methods……Page 501
24.5 Design of Cathodic Protection Systems……Page 502
24.6 Computer-Aided Design of Cathodic Protection……Page 507
24.7 References……Page 508
25.1 Introduction……Page 512
25.2 Tanker Structures……Page 516
25.3 Corrosion Mechanisms in Tankers……Page 518
25.4 Corrosion Statistics……Page 523
25.5 Corrosion Risk to Structural Integrity……Page 525
25.7 Prevention and Mitigation……Page 527
25.8 Related Requirements in Marine Industry……Page 529
25.9 References……Page 533
26.2 Factors Determining the Barrier Properties of Polymers……Page 535
26.3 Food Packaging……Page 548
26.5 References……Page 550
27.2 Different Types of Corrosion……Page 552
27.3 Preventing and Controlling Corrosion……Page 554
27.4 Selecting Corrosion Resistant Materials for Chemical Processing Equipment……Page 562
27.5 Corrosion Prevention and Control through Corrosion Testing……Page 564
27.8 References……Page 567
A……Page 569
B……Page 571
C……Page 572
D……Page 577
E……Page 578
F……Page 580
H……Page 582
I……Page 584
L……Page 585
M……Page 586
N……Page 588
O……Page 589
P……Page 590
R……Page 595
S……Page 596
T……Page 599
V……Page 602
W……Page 603
Z……Page 604
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