Encyclopedia of gerontology

James E. Birren9780123705303, 0123705304, 9780123706454, 0123706459, 9780123706447, 0123706440

Since the first edition, the research literature on aging continues to expand rapidly, reflecting both the rising interest of the scientific community and also the needs of a growing older population. In the year 1900, persons over 65 years of age were the smallest portion of developed societies. Today they are emerging as the largest. Aging is a complex process of change involving influences of a biological, behavioral, social, and environmental nature, all of which are explored in the context of this encyclopedia. The second edition includes all new articles and wholly new coverage of topics that have seen research advances. Also available online via ScienceDirect (2006) – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. >Organized alphabetically by article title >Consolidates and summarizes pertinent findings while providing additional readings >Breadth of coverage spans biology, psychology, social science, health science, and humanities >Every article contains a definition paragraph and a glossary of unfamiliar terms >Fully cross-referenced and contains a complete subject index >Online availability via ScienceDirect

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Table of contents :
Cover Page……Page 1
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF AND EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD……Page 3
Title: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GERONTOLOGY……Page 4
ISBN 0123705304……Page 5
CONTENTS……Page 6
About the Editorial Advisory Board……Page 12
FOREWORD……Page 15
PREFACE……Page 16
How to Use the Encyclopedia……Page 17
Abuse and Neglect of Elders……Page 18
Accelerated Aging……Page 27
Achievement……Page 37
Adaptation……Page 46
Addiction: General……Page 53
Adult Education……Page 58
Age Stratification……Page 66
Ageism and Discrimination……Page 74
Alcohol and Drugs……Page 81
Allergic Reactivity in the Elderly……Page 88
Andropause……Page 95
Anxiety Disorders……Page 101
Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases……Page 107
Assessment: Neuropsychological……Page 116
Atherosclerosis……Page 125
Attention……Page 137
Autonomic Nervous System……Page 146
Balance, Posture and Gait……Page 154
Behavioral Genetics……Page 166
Bereavement and Loss……Page 177
Bioenergetics……Page 187
Body: Composition, Weight, Height, and Build……Page 194
Brain and Central Nervous System……Page 204
Cancer and Age……Page 208
Cancer: Breast……Page 230
Cardiovascular System……Page 241
Careers in Aging……Page 247
Caregiving and Caring……Page 257
Cell Death……Page 266
Cellular Aging: Growth Factors and Cellular Senescence……Page 273
Cellular Signal Transduction……Page 278
Centenarians……Page 286
Cholesterol and Cell Plasma Membranes……Page 292
Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions……Page 300
Comparative and Cross-Cultural Studies……Page 308
Conditioning……Page 315
Consumer Behavior……Page 324
Creativity……Page 333
Crime and Age……Page 342
Critical Gerontology……Page 347
Cultural and Ethnic Influences on Aging……Page 353
Death and Dying……Page 362
Decision Making and Everyday Problem Solving……Page 367
Delirium……Page 376
Dementia……Page 385
Dementia: Alzheimer’s……Page 391
Demography……Page 396
Dental Health……Page 404
Depression……Page 417
Diabetes……Page 426
Diet and Nutrition……Page 434
Disability, Functional Status and Activities of Daily Living……Page 444
DNA and Gene Expression……Page 453
Driving Behavior……Page 464
Economics: Society……Page 472
Education and Aging……Page 480
Emotions……Page 492
Endocrine Function and Dysfunction……Page 497
Environmental Gerontology……Page 511
Epidemiology……Page 519
Erectile Dysfunction……Page 530
Ethics and Euthanasia……Page 539
Ethics and Medical Decision-Making……Page 543
Ethnicity and Minorities……Page 549
Evolution and Comparative Biology……Page 555
Exercise and Physical Activity……Page 564
Extracellular Matrix……Page 572
Falls……Page 582
Frail Elderly……Page 589
Gastrointestinal System: Function and Dysfunction……Page 598
Gender Roles……Page 609
Generational Differences: Age-Period-Cohort……Page 618
Genetics……Page 627
Gerontechnology……Page 636
Globalization and Aging……Page 647
Glycation……Page 652
Grandparenthood……Page 657
Health Care and Services……Page 670
Hearing……Page 679
Hematology and Aging……Page 689
History of Aging……Page 697
History of Gerontology……Page 703
Homeostasis, Homeodynamics and Aging……Page 713
Hospice……Page 717
Housing……Page 726
Human Factors Engineering and Ergonomics……Page 737
Humor……Page 745
Images of Aging……Page 752
Immune System……Page 759
Information Processing/Cognition……Page 766
Inhibition……Page 776
Intelligence……Page 780
International Perspective on Gerontology……Page 787
Language and Communication in Aging……Page 795
Language Disorders: Aphasia……Page 803
Language Disorders: General……Page 810
Learning……Page 817
Leisure……Page 828
Life Course……Page 839
Life Events……Page 847
Life Expectancy……Page 855
Life Review……Page 861
Life Satisfaction……Page 867
Life Span Theory……Page 874
Literary Representation of Aging……Page 879
Loneliness……Page 887
Long Term Care……Page 893
Longitudinal Studies……Page 901
Markers of Aging……Page 911
Marriage and Divorce……Page 918
Medicare and Medicaid and Economic Policy of Health Care……Page 924
Memory……Page 930
Memory, Strategies……Page 939
Menopause……Page 945
Mental Health……Page 953
Metabolism: Carbohydrate, Lipid and Protein……Page 961
Mid-Life and Later-Life Crises……Page 969
Migration……Page 980
Mitochondria and Aging……Page 986
Mobility and Flexibility……Page 990
Models of Aging: Invertebrates, Filamentous Fungi, and Yeasts……Page 999
Models of Aging: Vertebrates……Page 1009
Modernization and Aging……Page 1015
Motor Control……Page 1022
Narrative and Aging……Page 1031
Network Analysis……Page 1036
Neuroimaging (MRI, PET)……Page 1045
Neuromuscular System……Page 1054
Neurotransmitters and Neurotrophic Factors……Page 1063
Obesity……Page 1071
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders……Page 1076
Organizations On Aging……Page 1083
Osteoporosis and Aging Related Bone Disorders……Page 1087
Oxidative Damage……Page 1097
Pain and Presbyalgos……Page 1105
Parkinson’s Disease……Page 1116
Perception……Page 1128
Personality……Page 1136
Pharmacology……Page 1148
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation……Page 1158
Politics of Aging……Page 1164
Premature Aging……Page 1173
Productivity and Age……Page 1178
Prostate……Page 1185
Psychological Well-Being……Page 1193
Reaction Time……Page 1201
Religion and Spirituality……Page 1204
Reminiscence……Page 1212
Renal and Urinary Tract Function……Page 1218
Research Design and Methods……Page 1227
Respiratory System……Page 1237
Retirement……Page 1243
Self Esteem……Page 1255
Self-Concept and Body Image……Page 1261
Self-Regulation, Health, and Behavior……Page 1267
Sexuality, Sensuality, and Intimacy……Page 1276
Skill Acquisition……Page 1284
Sleep……Page 1290
Slowing of Aging……Page 1302
Smell and Taste……Page 1309
Social Cognition……Page 1319
Social Networks, Support, and Integration……Page 1325
Social Security……Page 1335
Speech and Communication (speech styles)……Page 1345
Stress: Physiological……Page 1353
Stroke……Page 1359
Suicide……Page 1369
Syncope……Page 1375
Telomeres……Page 1387
Theories of Aging: Biological……Page 1395
Theories of Aging: Social……Page 1415
Thirst and Hydration……Page 1424
Time: Perceptions and Concepts……Page 1428
Touch and Proprioception……Page 1435
Vision……Page 1447
Volunteer Activity by Older Adults……Page 1454
Widowhood and Widowerhood……Page 1463
Wisdom……Page 1468
Work and Employment: Individual……Page 1477
Work and Employment: Society……Page 1488
CONTRIBUTORS……Page 1501