Oracle9i Net Services Administrator’s Guide

Steiner D.

Oracle9i Net Services Administrator’s Guide is intended for the following kinds of readers:■ Network administrators■ Directory server administrators■ Database administrators■ Decision makersThis guide is especially targeted for network administrators who are responsible for ensuring connectivity. For network administrators, Oracle Corporation recommends reading all of Part I for a conceptual understanding of Oracle Net Services. In addition, read Chapter 3 in Part I and all of Part II for essential configuration instructions. Use Part III for troubleshooting.Directory administrators will find Chapter 3 in Part I useful in understanding how Oracle Net Services uses a directory server. In addition, Chapter 8 and Chapter 10 in Part II provide instructions for establishing directory usage and exporting existing naming data to a directory server.Database administrators should skim Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 to gain an understanding of the big networking picture. In addition, Chapter 5 will provide an overview of networking tools, which may be of use to the database administrator. Database administrator will also find Chapter 7, Chapter 12, and Chapter 14 useful in understanding how to configure Oracle9i database server features that require listener and shared server configuration.Decision makers will find this guide useful in understanding how Oracle Net Services fits into the overall network architecture. Decision makers will find Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 4, and Chapter 7 useful for explaining the basics of Oracle Net Services.Oracle Corporatism recommends that all readers skim Part 1, to ensure that they have the background required to benefit from the rest of the guide.

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Table of contents :
Network Security 1-19……Page 3
About Discovery 3-33……Page 4
Task 4: Connect to the Database 6-7……Page 5
Adding Users to and Removing Users from the OracleNetAdmins Group 8-9……Page 6
Configuring NIS 9-60……Page 7
Handling Large Volumes of Concurrent Connection Requests 12-9……Page 8
Example: Connection Load Balancing for Dedicated Server Configuration 15-15……Page 9
Testing Network Objects with Oracle Net Manager or Oracle Names Control Utility 16-24……Page 10
Contacting Oracle Support Services 17-54……Page 11
Send Us Your Comments……Page 19
Preface……Page 21
What’s New in Oracle Net Services?……Page 33
Part I Getting Started with Oracle Net Services……Page 41
1 Networking Challenges in the Internet Age……Page 43
What Is the Big Picture for Networking?……Page 44
Connectivity……Page 45
Client/Server Application Connections……Page 46
Web Client Application Connections……Page 48
Web Client Connections Without an Application Web Server……Page 49
Location Transparency……Page 51
Centralized Configuration and Management……Page 53
Shared Server……Page 54
Performance Between Application Web Servers and Oracle Databases……Page 60
Database Access Control……Page 61
Enhanced Network Security Through Oracle Advanced Security……Page 64
Oracle Net……Page 69
Listener……Page 71
Oracle Connection Manager……Page 72
Networking Tools……Page 73
Oracle Advanced Security……Page 74
2 Connectivity Concepts……Page 75
Database Services……Page 76
Database Instances……Page 78
Service Accessibility……Page 80
Client Load Balancing……Page 82
Dispatchers……Page 83
Dedicated Server Processes……Page 86
Naming……Page 89
3 Configuration Management Concepts……Page 93
Localized Configuration File Support……Page 94
Directory Naming Overview……Page 96
Naming Configuration Storage in a Directory Server……Page 98
Directory Entries……Page 100
Adding or Modifying Entries in the Directory Server……Page 101
Client Connections Using Directory Naming……Page 102
Using the Entry’s Relative Name……Page 103
Using the Entry’s Absolute Name……Page 104
Security……Page 105
Schema……Page 108
Oracle Names Support……Page 110
Oracle Names Overview……Page 111
Domains……Page 113
Oracle Names As Data Repository……Page 114
Data Stored in an Oracle Names Server……Page 115
Single Domain Model……Page 117
Hierarchical Naming Model……Page 118
Multiple Regions to Decentralize Administrative Responsibilities……Page 119
Delegated Administrative Regions……Page 120
Oracle Names Version 1……Page 122
Oracle Names Version 2……Page 123
Oracle Names Version 8 and 9 (this release)……Page 124
About Discovery……Page 125
4 Architecture of Oracle Net Services……Page 127
Stack Communication for Client/Server Application Connections……Page 128
Stack Communication for Java Application Connections……Page 134
Stack Communication for Web Client Connections……Page 135
Listener Architecture……Page 136
Shared Server Processes……Page 140
Dedicated Server Processes……Page 142
Oracle Connection Manager Architecture……Page 143
A Complete Architecture……Page 146
5 Configuration and Administration Tools Overview……Page 149
Oracle Net Manager……Page 150
Starting Oracle Net Manager……Page 151
Navigating Oracle Net Manager……Page 152
Panes……Page 153
Help……Page 155
Edit Menu……Page 156
Command Menu……Page 157
Oracle Net Manager Wizards……Page 158
Net Service Name Wizard……Page 159
Directory Server Migration Wizard……Page 160
Names Wizard……Page 161
Oracle Net Configuration Assistant……Page 162
Listener Control Utility……Page 164
Oracle Connection Manager Control Utility……Page 165
Oracle Names Control Utility……Page 166
Configuration and Administration Tasks at a Glance……Page 167
6 Quick Start to Oracle Net Connections……Page 171
Prerequisites to Establishing Connectivity……Page 172
Task 1: Confirm Network Availability……Page 173
Task 2: Start the Listener and the Database Server……Page 174
Task 3: Configure the Client to Use a Net Service Name……Page 175
Task 4: Connect to the Database……Page 177
Part II Configuration and Administration of Oracle Net Services……Page 179
7 Planning the Network……Page 181
Deploying a Network Inside an Organization……Page 182
Session Multiplexing……Page 183
Client Load Balancing……Page 185
Security……Page 186
Protocol Conversion……Page 187
Deploying a Network for the Internet……Page 188
Access Control……Page 189
Naming Considerations……Page 190
Listener Queue Size……Page 192
Persistent Buffer Flushing for TCP/IP……Page 193
Planning Summary……Page 194
8 Setting Up Directory Server Usage……Page 197
Directory Usage Configuration During a Custom Installation on the Server……Page 198
Directory Usage Configuration During a Client Installation……Page 200
Configuring Directory Usage After Installation……Page 201
Adding Users to and Removing Users from the OracleNetAdmins Group……Page 205
9 Configuring Naming Methods……Page 207
About Connect Descriptors……Page 208
Naming Methods……Page 210
Configuring the Local Naming Method……Page 211
Task 1: Configure Net Service Names……Page 212
Task 2: Configure TNSNAMES as the First Naming Method……Page 216
Task 5: Connect to the Database……Page 217
Configuring the Directory Naming Method……Page 218
Task 2: Create Net Service Name Entries (Optional)……Page 219
Task 3: Configure LDAP as the First Naming Method……Page 222
Task 5: Connect to the Database……Page 223
Modifying Connectivity Information for Database Service Entries……Page 224
Configuring the Oracle Names Method……Page 225
Task 2: Install Necessary Components……Page 226
Task 3: Create an Oracle Names Server……Page 227
Create Tables in a Database……Page 228
Checkpoint Files/Replicated Updates……Page 235
Task 4: Configure Clients and Database Servers To Use Oracle Names Servers……Page 240
Task 5: (Optional) Configure Client Caches……Page 244
Creating a Client Cache……Page 245
Administering a Client Cache……Page 246
Task 6: Configure the Listener……Page 247
Task 7: Register Data with the Oracle Names Server……Page 248
Database Services……Page 249
Net Service Names……Page 250
Global Database Links and Database Qualifiers……Page 252
Adding Link Qualifiers……Page 253
Aliases……Page 255
Task 8: Delegate Domains to Delegated Administrative Regions……Page 256
Task 9: Specify Domain Hints to Forward Requests to Remote Oracle Names Servers……Page 257
Example: Domain Hint for the Root Administrative Region……Page 258
Task 10: Connect to the Database……Page 259
Removing an Oracle Names Server……Page 260
Configuring the Host Naming Method……Page 262
Oracle8 Release 8.0 or Previous……Page 263
Task 3: Set Up Host Name Resolution Environment……Page 264
Task 4: Connect to the Database……Page 265
Configuring NIS……Page 266
Task 1: Configure NIS Servers to Support the NIS External Naming……Page 267
Task 2: Configure Clients……Page 269
10 Exporting Naming Data to a Directory Server……Page 271
Exporting Net Service Names from a tnsnames.ora File……Page 272
Task 1: Create Structure in Directory Server……Page 273
Task 3: Configure Directory Server Usage……Page 274
Task 4: Export Objects To a Directory Server……Page 275
Release 8.1.5 or Previous Clients……Page 276
Exporting Data to a Directory Server……Page 277
Task 1: Create Structure in Directory Server……Page 278
Task 3: Configure Directory Server Usage……Page 279
Task 4: Obtain List of Objects to Export……Page 280
Task 5: Export Objects To a Directory Server……Page 281
Task 1: Upgrade Oracle Names Servers to Release 9.0……Page 285
Task 2: Start Oracle Names Servers……Page 286
Task 3: Populate the Directory Server……Page 287
Task 4: Configure Oracle Names Servers as Proxies……Page 288
Task 5: Run the Oracle Names LDAP Proxy Servers……Page 292
Considerations for Dissimilar DIT Structures……Page 293
Example 1: Exporting Data from a Single Domain to a Non-DC Node……Page 294
Example 2: Exporting Data from a Domain Tree to a Non-DC DIT……Page 295
Example 3: Exporting Data from Multiple Domains to One DIT Node……Page 297
Example 4: Reorganizing a Tree Structure During an Export……Page 298
11 Configuring Profiles……Page 301
Profile Configuration During Installation……Page 302
Configuring a Default Domain for Clients……Page 303
Prioritizing Naming Methods……Page 305
Routing Connection Requests……Page 307
Configuring Database Access Control……Page 308
Configuring Advanced Profile Information……Page 309
Configuring Preferred Oracle Names Servers……Page 311
Configuring External Naming Methods……Page 312
Configuring Oracle Advanced Security……Page 313
12 Configuring and Administering the Listener……Page 315
Listener Configuration Overview……Page 316
Listener Configuration During Installation……Page 318
Configuring Listening Protocol Addresses……Page 320
Configuring Protocol Addresses for Oracle9i JVM……Page 322
Handling Large Volumes of Concurrent Connection Requests……Page 323
Configuring Static Service Information……Page 324
Configuring Password Authentication for the Listener……Page 327
Configuring Service Registration……Page 328
Registering Information with a Nondefault Listener……Page 329
Registering Information with a Remote Listener……Page 330
Configuring a Naming Method……Page 332
Listener Administration……Page 333
STATUS Command……Page 334
SERVICES Command……Page 337
Monitoring Log Files……Page 339
13 Configuring Oracle Connection Manager……Page 341
Configuring Oracle Connection Manager……Page 342
Configuring the Oracle Connection Manager Computer……Page 343
Parameter List (CMAN_PROFILE)……Page 344
Task 1: Configure an Oracle Connection Manager Protocol Address……Page 345
Task 2: Configure a Listener Protocol Address……Page 347
Enabling Oracle Connection Manager Features……Page 352
Enabling Session Multiplexing……Page 353
Enabling Access Control……Page 354
Enabling Protocol Conversion Support……Page 355
14 Configuring Shared Server……Page 357
Configuring Shared Server with the DISPATCHERS Parameter……Page 358
Calculating the Initial Number of Dispatchers……Page 362
Example: Dispatcher Address with PORT……Page 363
Enabling Connection Pooling……Page 364
Using Shared Server on Clients……Page 365
Overriding Shared Server on Clients……Page 366
15 Enabling Advanced Features for Oracle Net Services……Page 367
Creating a List of Listener Protocol Addresses……Page 368
Configuring Address List Parameters……Page 370
Configuring Advanced Connect Data Parameters……Page 373
Configuring Connection Load Balancing……Page 376
Example: Connection Load Balancing for Shared Server Configuration……Page 378
Example: Connection Load Balancing for Dedicated Server Configuration……Page 381
Users’ Database Sessions……Page 384
Serverside Program Variables……Page 385
TAF Database Configurations……Page 386
FAILOVER_MODE Parameters……Page 387
Example: TAF with Connect-Time Failover and Client Load Balancing……Page 388
Example: TAF Pre-Establishing a Connection……Page 389
TAF Verification……Page 390
Example: Connection to Instance Role Type……Page 391
Example: Connection To a Specific Instance……Page 392
Example: TAF Pre-Establishing a Connection……Page 393
Client Configuration……Page 394
Dedicated Server Configuration……Page 395
Prerequisites to Using VI Protocol Support……Page 396
Configuring a VI Protocol Address……Page 397
Adjusting the Number of Buffers to Improve VI Performance……Page 399
Using Oracle Connection Manager to Improve VI Performance……Page 401
Configuring Oracle Net for External Procedures……Page 402
Configuring Oracle Net for Oracle Heterogeneous Services……Page 407
Configuring Oracle Net for an Oracle Rdb Database……Page 410
Part III Testing and Troubleshooting Oracle Net Services……Page 413
16 Establishing a Connection and Testing the Network……Page 415
Starting Oracle Net Services Components……Page 416
Task 1: Start Oracle Names Servers……Page 417
Task 2: Start Oracle Names Client Cache……Page 418
Task 3: Start the Listener……Page 419
Task 4: Start the Database……Page 420
Task 5: Start Oracle Connection Manager……Page 421
Entering a Connect String……Page 422
Absolute Name Specification for Directory Naming……Page 423
Connecting from the Tool Logon Screen to Test a Client……Page 427
Connecting Using Special Commands Within Tools……Page 428
Testing the Network……Page 429
Testing Configuration on the Database Server……Page 430
TNSPING Utility……Page 431
TRCROUTE Utility……Page 434
Oracle Net Manager……Page 436
Testing an Oracle Names Server……Page 437
Testing Network Objects with Oracle Net Manager or Oracle Names Control Utility……Page 438
17 Troubleshooting Oracle Net Services……Page 439
Diagnosing Oracle Net……Page 440
Task 1: Verify the Database Is Running……Page 441
Client Diagnostics……Page 442
Resolving the Most Common Error Messages for Oracle Net Services……Page 445
Troubleshooting Directory Naming Errors……Page 453
Increasing Search Size Limit……Page 454
Increasing the Search Time Limit……Page 455
Troubleshooting Tips from the Field for Oracle Net Services……Page 456
Questions to Ask When Troubleshooting Oracle Net Services……Page 457
Logging Error Information for Oracle Net Services……Page 458
Oracle Net Error Stacks……Page 459
Example: Error Stack……Page 460
Setting Oracle Net Services Log Parameters……Page 462
sqlnet.ora Log Parameters……Page 463
names.ora Log Parameters……Page 464
Setting Oracle Net Log Parameters in Configuration Files……Page 465
Setting Oracle Net Log Settings During Runtime of Control Utilities……Page 466
Using Oracle Net Log Files……Page 467
Listener Log Audit Trail Information……Page 468
Listener Service Registration Event Information……Page 470
Listener Direct Hand-Off Information……Page 472
Analyzing Oracle Connection Manager Logs……Page 473
cman_pid.log Event Codes……Page 474
Oracle Net Tracing Error Information……Page 477
Setting Oracle Net Trace Parameters……Page 478
sqlnet.ora Trace Parameters……Page 479
listener.ora Trace Parameters……Page 482
names.ora Trace Parameters……Page 483
Setting Oracle Net Trace Parameters in Configuration Files……Page 484
Setting Oracle Net Trace Settings During Runtime of Control Utilities……Page 486
Oracle Net Data Packet Formats……Page 487
Pertinent Oracle Net Trace Error Output……Page 489
Contacting Oracle Support Services……Page 492
Glossary……Page 495
Index……Page 529