Oil Field Chemicals

Johannes Karl Fink.0-7506-7703-1

Table of contents :
Front Matter……Page 1
Preface……Page 3
Z……Page 0
Table of Contents……Page 5
Classification of Muds……Page 11
Mud Compositions……Page 14
Additives……Page 21
Junk Removal……Page 40
Characterization of Drilling Muds……Page 41
Mechanism of Action of Fluid Loss Agents……Page 44
Polysaccharides……Page 49
Synthetic Polymers……Page 54
Properties of Clays……Page 68
Mechanisms Causing Instability……Page 71
Inhibitors of Swelling……Page 73
Chemicals in Detail……Page 74
Natural Compounds……Page 75
Mechanisms of Growth……Page 77
Treatments with Biocides……Page 79
Bactericides……Page 81
Various Biocides……Page 82
Bacterial Corrosion……Page 86
Assessment of Bacterial Corrosion……Page 89
Mechanisms of Microbial Corrosion……Page 90
Fields of Application……Page 92
Analytic Procedures……Page 95
Side Effects……Page 97
Amides and Imidazolines……Page 98
Nitrogenous Bases with Carboxylic Acids……Page 101
Polyoxylated Amines, Amides, and Imidazolines……Page 102
Nitrogen Heterocyclics……Page 108
Carbonyl Compounds……Page 109
Miscellaneous Inhibitors……Page 110
Scale Inhibition……Page 113
Chemicals in Detail……Page 114
Characterization……Page 116
Basic Mechanisms of Gelling Agents……Page 118
Organic Acids……Page 130
Bridging Agents……Page 131
Enzymatic Breaker……Page 132
Peroxides……Page 133
Oscillatory Flow……Page 134
10. Cement Additives……Page 135
Basic Composition of Portland Cement……Page 136
Special Cement Types……Page 140
Additives in Detail……Page 145
Pretreatment of the Products……Page 162
Corrosion Control……Page 166
Pour Point Depressants……Page 169
Drag Reducers……Page 170
Hydrate Control……Page 172
Additives for Slurry Transport……Page 173
Cleaning……Page 174
Operating Costs……Page 176
Mechanism of Drag Reducers……Page 177
Drag Reducers in Detail……Page 181
Inclusion Compounds, Clathrates……Page 184
Conditions for Formation……Page 187
Formation and Properties of Gas Hydrates……Page 188
Inhibition of Gas Hydrate Formation……Page 190
Hydrate Inhibitors for Drilling Fluids……Page 192
Theory of Action-colligative Laws……Page 193
Overview of Antifreeze Chemicals……Page 194
Heat-transfer Liquids……Page 195
Low-temperature Drilling Fluids……Page 201
Measurement and Odor Monitoring……Page 202
Uses and Properties……Page 204
16. Enhanced Oil Recovery……Page 206
Caustic Waterflooding……Page 207
Acid Flooding……Page 209
Emulsion Flooding……Page 210
Chemical Injection……Page 213
Polymer Waterflooding……Page 215
Combination Flooding……Page 216
Foam Flooding……Page 218
Carbon Dioxide Flooding……Page 223
Steamflooding……Page 224
Special Techniques……Page 225
Microbial-enhanced Oil-recovery Techniques……Page 227
Reservoir Properties……Page 238
Soil Remediation……Page 242
Stresses and Fractures……Page 243
Comparison of Stimulation Techniques……Page 244
Basic Constituents……Page 245
Types of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids……Page 246
Characterization of Fracturing Fluids……Page 248
Water-based Systems……Page 250
Oil-based Systems……Page 275
Foam-based Fracturing Fluids……Page 277
Propping Agents……Page 278
Acid Fracturing……Page 281
Special Problems……Page 282
Chemicals for Water Shutoff……Page 286
History……Page 302
Cement……Page 319
Aqueous Drilling Muds……Page 321
Miscellaneous……Page 325
Uses in Petroleum Technology……Page 326
Classification of Defoamers……Page 327
Theory of Defoaming……Page 329
Emulsions in Produced Crude Oil……Page 335
Mechanisms of Demulsification……Page 336
Performance Testing……Page 337
Classification of Demulsifiers……Page 338
Chemicals in Detail……Page 340
1 – 490……Page 355
491 – 958……Page 390
959 – 1427……Page 423
1428 – 1908……Page 457
A……Page 492
B……Page 494
C……Page 495
D……Page 497
E……Page 499
F……Page 500
G……Page 501
H……Page 502
I……Page 503
L……Page 504
M……Page 505
N……Page 507
P……Page 508
S……Page 510
T……Page 512
V……Page 514
Z……Page 515