RF Components and Circuits

Joe Carr0-7506-48449

Some basic knowledge of electronics is assumed, but the essential features of RF are fully described, including the important topic of receiver dynamic which is often overlooked in basic textbooks. The theory and circuit descriptions are geared towards genuine design applications rather than the oversimiplifications and skeleton circuits of many college texts.During his career, the late Joe Carr was one of the world’s leading writers on electronics and radio, and an authority on the design and use of RF systems. Whether you are looking for a complete self-study course in RF technology, or a concise reference text to dip into, this book has the solution.A complete course in understanding and designing RF circuitsPractical design knowhow from a world-class author

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Table of contents :
Remembering Joe Carr, K4IPV……Page 14
Preface……Page 16
Part 1 Introduction……Page 18
What this book covers……Page 20
Repetitive signals……Page 22
Fourier series……Page 26
Waveform symmetry……Page 28
Transient signals……Page 34
Sampled signals……Page 35
Noise……Page 38
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or Sn)……Page 44
Noise factor (FN)……Page 46
Noise temperature ( Te)……Page 47
Noise reduction strategies……Page 48
Example……Page 49
Signals, noise and reception……Page 51
The reception problem……Page 52
Strategies……Page 54
Origins……Page 55
Superheterodyne receivers……Page 56
Heterodyning……Page 59
Receiver performance factors……Page 61
dBm……Page 62
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or Sn)……Page 63
Sensitivity……Page 64
Selectivity……Page 67
Front-end bandwidth……Page 69
Image rejection……Page 70
IF bandwidth……Page 71
IF passband shape factor……Page 72
Stability……Page 74
Dynamic performance……Page 75
Intermodulation products……Page 76
Third-order intercept point……Page 77
Dynamic range……Page 79
Cross-modulation……Page 80
IF notch rejection……Page 81
Internal spurii……Page 82
Part 2 Circuits……Page 84
4 RF amplifiers……Page 86
Transistor gain……Page 87
Common emitter circuits……Page 89
Transistor biasing……Page 90
Collector-to-base bias……Page 91
RÒ C EMI/RFI protection……Page 0
JFET and MOSFET connections……Page 92
JFET preselector……Page 93
MOSFET preselector……Page 96
Broadband RF preamplifier for VLF, LF and AM BCB……Page 98
Types of push-pull RF amplifiers……Page 101
Actual circuit details……Page 103
Broadband RF amplifier (50 ohm input and output)……Page 105
Linear-vs-non-linear mixers……Page 108
Simple diode mixer……Page 111
Image……Page 112
IF feedthrough……Page 113
High-order spurs……Page 114
Mixer distortion products……Page 115
Third-order intercept point……Page 116
Mixer losses……Page 118
Noise balance……Page 119
Single-ended active mixer circuits……Page 120
Balanced active mixers……Page 121
Gilbert cell mixers……Page 130
Passive double-balanced mixers……Page 131
Diplexers……Page 133
Bandpass diplexers……Page 134
Image reject mixers……Page 139
VHF/UHF microwave mixer circuits……Page 141
Feedback oscillators……Page 142
General types of RF oscillator circuits……Page 143
Piezoelectric crystals……Page 145
Crystal packaging……Page 146
Oven-controlled crystal oscillators……Page 150
Miller oscillators……Page 151
Pierce oscillators……Page 153
Butler oscillators……Page 155
Colpitts oscillators……Page 160
Overtone oscillators……Page 162
Frequency stability……Page 164
Thermal isolation……Page 166
DC power supply……Page 167
Coil-core processing……Page 170
Capacitor selection……Page 171
Varactors……Page 172
Frequency synthesizers……Page 174
Output section……Page 176
Automatic level control (ALC)……Page 177
IF filters: general filter theory……Page 178
Crystal filters……Page 182
Crystal ladder filters……Page 184
Mechanical filters……Page 187
SAW filters……Page 188
Filter switching in IF amplifiers……Page 190
Amplifier circuits……Page 191
Cascode pair amplifier……Page 192
Coupling to block filters……Page 195
MC-1590 circuit……Page 196
Successive detection logarithmic amplifiers……Page 197
AM envelope detectors……Page 202
Double sideband (DSBSC) and single sideband (SSBSC) suppressed carrier demodulators……Page 207
FM and PM demodulator circuits……Page 214
Ratio detector……Page 217
Pulse counting detector……Page 221
Quadrature detector……Page 223
Part 3 Components……Page 224
Units of capacitance……Page 226
Circuit symbols for capacitors……Page 228
Mylar dielectric capacitors……Page 229
Ceramic dielectric capacitors……Page 230
Other capacitors……Page 231
Variable capacitors……Page 232
Air variable main tuning capacitors……Page 234
Special variable capacitors……Page 237
Differential capacitors……Page 238
Variable capacitor cleaning note……Page 239
Varactor tuning circuits……Page 240
Temperature compensation……Page 245
Varactor applications……Page 247
Inductor circuit symbols……Page 249
Inductance and inductors……Page 250
Inductance of a single straight wire……Page 251
Combining two or more inductors……Page 252
Air-core inductors……Page 253
Adjustable coils……Page 254
Amidon Associates coil system……Page 256
Materials used in cores……Page 257
Powdered iron……Page 258
Making the calculations……Page 259
Toroid cores……Page 261
Example……Page 263
Inductors and transformers……Page 264
Broadband RF transformers……Page 266
Counting turns……Page 268
Winding styles……Page 269
Mounting multiple coils……Page 271
Special mounting methods……Page 273
Binocular cores……Page 274
Winding styles on binocular cores……Page 276
Winding a binocular core……Page 277
Ferrite rods……Page 278
Bobbing along with a bobbin……Page 280
Ferrite beads……Page 281
Mounting ferrite beads……Page 283
Vectors for RF circuits……Page 284
Series resonant circuits……Page 287
Parallel resonant circuits……Page 288
Tuned RF/IF transformers……Page 290
Construction of RF/IF transformers……Page 291
Bandwidth of RF/IF transformers……Page 293
The RF amplifier/antenna tuner problem……Page 298
Example……Page 299
The local oscillator (LO) problem……Page 300
Trimmer capacitor method……Page 301
Impedance matching in RF circuits……Page 302
Transformer matching……Page 303
Resonant transformers……Page 304
Resonant networks……Page 305
-network……Page 306
Split-capacitor network……Page 307
Transistor-to-transistor impedance matching……Page 308
Characteristics of splitter/combiner circuits……Page 310
Resistive splitter/combiner……Page 311
Transformer splitter/combiner……Page 312
Mismatch losses……Page 315
Modified VSWR bridge splitter/combiner……Page 316
Transmission line splitter/combiners……Page 318
90 degree transmission line splitter/combiner……Page 320
RF hybrid couplers……Page 322
Combining signal sources……Page 323
Transmitter/receiver isolation……Page 324
Quadrature hybrids……Page 326
RF directional couplers……Page 329
Conclusion……Page 333
13 Monolithic microwave integrated circuits……Page 334
Internal circuitry……Page 336
Basic amplifier circuit……Page 337
Other MAR-x circuits……Page 338
Multiple device circuits……Page 344
Broadband HF amplifier……Page 350
Part 4 Measurement and techniques……Page 352
VSWR method……Page 354
Voltage divider method……Page 356
Signal generator method……Page 357
Frequency shifted oscillator method……Page 359
Using RF bridges……Page 361
Maxwell bridge……Page 362
Hay bridge……Page 363
Finding parasitic capacitances and inductances……Page 364
Conclusion……Page 367
Types of RF power measurement……Page 368
Thermistor RF power meters……Page 369
Bolometers……Page 370
Self-balancing bridge instruments……Page 372
Thermocouple RF power meters……Page 373
Diode detector RF power meters……Page 375
Practical in-line bridge circuits……Page 377
Micromatch……Page 378
Monomatch……Page 380
The Bird Thruline sensor……Page 381
Calorimeters……Page 383
Absolute flow calorimeters……Page 384
Micropower and low power measurements……Page 387
Mismatch loss and mismatch uncertainty……Page 389
Filter circuits……Page 391
Feedthrough capacitors……Page 394
General guidelines……Page 397
17 Noise cancellation bridges……Page 398
A simple bridge circuit……Page 400
Bibliography……Page 405
Index……Page 408