Optical Polarization in Biomedical Applications

Valery V. Tuchin, Lihong Wang, Dmitry A. Zimnyakov3-540-25876-0, 978-3-540-25876-6

Optical Polarization in Biomedical Applications introduces key developments in optical polarization methods for quantitative studies of tissues, while presenting the theory of polarization transfer in a random medium as a basis for the quantitative description of polarized light interaction with tissues. This theory uses the modified transfer equation for Stokes parameters and predicts the polarization structure of multiple scattered optical fields. The backscattering polarization matrices (Jones matrix and Mueller matrix) important for noninvasive medical diagnostic are introduced. The text also describes a number of diagnostic techniques such as CW polarization imaging and spectroscopy, polarization microscopy and cytometry. As a new tool for medical diagnosis, optical coherent polarization tomography is analyzed. The monograph also covers a range of biomedical applications, among them cataract and glaucoma diagnostics, glucose sensing, and the detection of bacteria.

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Table of contents :
Contents……Page 8
1.1 Light Interaction with Tissues……Page 11
1.2 Definitions of Polarized Light……Page 13
2.1 Introduction……Page 16
2.2 Continuous and Discrete Tissue Models……Page 17
2.3 Scatterer Size Range and Distribution……Page 18
2.4 Refractive-Index Variations and Absorption……Page 20
2.5 Tissue Anisotropy……Page 23
2.6 Volume Fraction and Spatial Ordering of Particles……Page 27
2.7 Eye Tissue Optical Models……Page 29
2.8 Fractal Properties of Tissues and Cell Aggregates……Page 35
2.9 Summary……Page 37
3.1 Introduction……Page 38
3.2 Noninteracting Particles……Page 39
3.3 Densely Packed Correlated Particles……Page 45
3.4 Summary……Page 51
4.1 Introduction……Page 53
4.2.1 Vector Radiative Transfer Equation……Page 54
4.2.2 Scalar Radiative Transfer Equation……Page 56
4.3 Monte Carlo Simulation Technique……Page 60
4.4 Densely Packed Particle Systems……Page 69
4.5 Summary……Page 75
5.1 Introduction……Page 76
5.2 Light Scattering Matrix Meters……Page 77
5.3 LSM of Thin Tissue and Cell Layers……Page 79
5.4 Strongly Scattering Tissues and Phantoms……Page 84
5.5 Summary……Page 90
6.1 Introduction……Page 92
6.2 Coherent Backscattering……Page 93
6.3 Polarization-Dependent Temporal Correlations of the Scattered Light……Page 98
6.4 Polarization Microstatistics of Speckles……Page 106
6.5 The Concept of Polarization-Correlation Universality……Page 110
6.6 Summary……Page 117
7.1 The Similarity in Multiple Scattering of Coherent Light……Page 118
7.2 Influence of Scattering Anisotropy and Scattering Regime……Page 126
7.3 Residual Polarization of Incoherently Backscattered Light……Page 131
7.4 Polarization Decay in Absorbing Media……Page 134
7.5 Summary……Page 145
8.1 Introduction……Page 146
8.2 Experiments and Simulation……Page 147
8.3 Discussion and Conclusions……Page 153
9.1 Introduction……Page 155
9.2 Method……Page 156
9.3 Results……Page 158
9.4 Summary……Page 165
10.1 Introduction……Page 166
10.2 Experimental System: Serial Implementation……Page 167
10.3 Jones Calculus and Mueller Calculus……Page 169
10.4 Experimental System: Parallel Implementation……Page 172
10.5 Experimental Results……Page 177
10.6 Other Implementations……Page 180
10.7 Summary……Page 181
11.2 Imaging through Scattering Media and Tissues with Use of Polarized Light……Page 182
11.3 Transillumination Polarization Techniques……Page 186
11.4 Potentialities and Restrictions of Polarization Imaging with Backscattered Light……Page 188
11.5 Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy of Tissues……Page 196
11.6 Glucose Sensing……Page 197
11.7 Cytometry and Bacteria Sensing……Page 204
11.8 Polarization Microscopy and Tissue Clearing……Page 209
11.9 Digital Photoelastic Analysis……Page 221
11.10 Fluorescence Polarization……Page 223
11.11 Summary……Page 228
Appendix……Page 229
B……Page 233
C……Page 234
D……Page 235
F……Page 237
I……Page 238
L……Page 239
M……Page 240
O……Page 241
P……Page 242
Q……Page 244
R……Page 245
S……Page 246
T……Page 248
References……Page 249
F……Page 283
S……Page 284
W……Page 285