Advanced in Geosciences, V5: Oceans and Atmosphe(OA) (2006)(en)(500s)

Wing-huen Ip9789812564566, 981-256-456-X

“Advances in Geosciences” is the result of a concerted effort in bringing the latest results and planning activities related to earth and space science in Asia and the international arena. The volume editors are all leading scientists in their research fields covering five sections: Solid Earth (SE), Solar Terrestrial (ST), Planetary Science (PS), Hydrological Science (HS), and Oceans and Atmospheres (OA). The main purpose is to highlight the scientific issues essential to the study of earthquakes, tsunamis, climate change, drought, flood, typhoons, space weathers, and planetary exploration.

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Table of contents :
Contents……Page 10
Editors……Page 6
Reviewers……Page 8
1. Introduction……Page 12
2. Measurements and Methods……Page 13
3. Coastal Ecology Results……Page 14
4. Results on Sediment Load and Sediment Plumes……Page 15
6. Discussion and Conclusion……Page 16
References……Page 17
1. Introduction……Page 18
3.1. Spatial distribution of Chl-a……Page 20
3.2. Spatial variability of prevailing winds and Ekman pumping velocity……Page 21
4.2. The distribution of Chl-a and oceanic conditions……Page 22
5. Conclusions……Page 23
References……Page 24
1. Introduction……Page 26
2.2. Satellite data……Page 27
3.2. Changes of SST……Page 29
3.3. Time-series analysis……Page 30
References……Page 31
1. Introduction……Page 32
3. Fossil Island Arcs and Back Arcs……Page 33
4. Mississippi Valley-Type Deposits……Page 34
5. Ophiolite-Hosted Copper……Page 35
6. Off Shore Extensions to Mineralized Land Terranes……Page 36
7. Conclusions……Page 37
References……Page 38
1. Introduction……Page 40
2. Data and Climatology……Page 42
4.2. The wind erosion scheme……Page 44
5. Results and Discussion……Page 45
5.1. Case study 1: October 23, 2002……Page 46
5.2. Case study 2: February 2, 2005……Page 47
6. Conclusions……Page 49
References……Page 50
1. Introduction……Page 52
2. Methods and Results……Page 53
3. Conclusions and Outlook……Page 57
References……Page 58
1. Introduction……Page 60
3. Results and Discussions……Page 61
References……Page 63
1. Introduction……Page 66
2. Model Description……Page 67
3.1. Temporal variations of dust concentration……Page 68
3.2. Spatial distributions of aerosol concentrations……Page 69
3.3. Estimation of aerosol direct radiative forcing……Page 71
Acknowledgments……Page 75
References……Page 76
1. Introduction……Page 78
2.2. The Asian dust aerosol model……Page 79
3. Results……Page 80
4. Conclusions……Page 84
References……Page 87
1. Introduction……Page 88
2. Radiative Transfer……Page 89
2.2. Rough sea surface reflection: Zhao and Toba MSS……Page 90
3.1. Top of the atmosphere reflectance……Page 92
3.2. Wind and wind-wave effects on TOA reflectance……Page 93
References……Page 95
1. Introduction……Page 98
2. Oceanographic Data……Page 99
3.1. Ocean model development……Page 100
3.2. Data assimilation……Page 101
3.3. Ocean reanalysis……Page 102
3.4. Operational environment……Page 103
4. Conclusion……Page 105
References……Page 106
1. Background……Page 108
2. Methodology……Page 109
2.1. Inherent features of the CMB Model……Page 110
Acknowledgments……Page 112
1. Introduction……Page 114
2.2. Asian dust aerosol model……Page 115
3. Distributions of Anthropogenic Pollutants Emissions……Page 116
4.1. Temporal variations of observed and modeled gases pollutants and PM10 concentrations in Korea……Page 118
4.2. Spatial distributions of aerosol concentrations……Page 119
4.3. Contribution of each type of aerosol to the total aerosol mass……Page 120
References……Page 121
1. Introduction……Page 124
3.1. Beginning stage of snowfall in the coast……Page 125
3.2. Ending stage of snowfall in the coast……Page 131
3.3. Comparison of precipitation and snowfall……Page 132
4. Conclusions……Page 133
References……Page 134
1. Introduction……Page 136
2. Numerical Analysis and Data……Page 137
3.1. Wind and air temperature distribution-day……Page 138
3.2. Wind and air temperature distribution — night……Page 141
3.3. Comparison of observed results with calculated ones by a model……Page 143
Acknowledgments……Page 144
References……Page 145