Sedimentary structures, their character and physical basis Volume II

John R.L. Allen0-444-41238-7, 0-444-41935-7, 0-444-41945-4, 0444419462

Table of contents :
Sedimentary Structures Their Character and Physical Basis……Page 4
Copyright Page……Page 5
CONTENTS……Page 8
INTRODUCTION TO VOLUME II……Page 6
Introduction……Page 16
General character and effects of secondary flows……Page 17
Causes of secondary flow……Page 20
Sand ribbons in aqueous currents……Page 32
Sand ribbons in aeolian environments……Page 38
Erosional grooves and ridges……Page 39
Longitudinal desert dunes……Page 46
Tidal current ridges……Page 51
Ridge-and- furrow moulds……Page 55
Wave-related furrows and ridges……Page 58
Wave-related gravel stripes……Page 61
Spur- and- groove……Page 62
Glacial flutings……Page 63
Trough banding in layered igneous rocks……Page 66
Summary……Page 67
Introduction……Page 68
Fluvial and tidal meanders……Page 69
Flow processes in meanders and channel bends……Page 86
Sedimentation processes in meanders and channel bends……Page 95
Lateral accretion structures and deposits……Page 109
Summary……Page 115
Separation in internal and external flows……Page 116
Streamline mappings……Page 117
Rollers and vortices: closed and open separation……Page 120
Separation in two dimensions……Page 121
Separation in three dimensions……Page 129
Pressure and stress in low-speed separated flows……Page 134
Vortex-production and turbulence in low-speed separated flows……Page 136
Flow separation at high speeds……Page 142
Axisymmetric turbulent jets……Page 143
Summary……Page 146
Introduction……Page 148
Partical free falling velocity in the presence of turbulence……Page 149
Sedimentation from jets……Page 150
Sand volcanoes……Page 152
Sedimentation from separated flows with normal gravity……Page 156
Sedimentation in the far lee: shell-pebble lags and ripple fans……Page 173
Geometry and structure of lee-side deposits……Page 183
Summary……Page 186
Introduction……Page 188
General features of bluff-body flows……Page 189
Bluff bodies in planetary boundary layers……Page 197
General implications for sedimentation……Page 198
Controls on the character of obstacle marks……Page 201
Current crescents in aeolian environments……Page 204
Current crescents in aqueous environments……Page 206
Current shadows in aeolian environments……Page 212
Scour-remnant ridges……Page 215
Scour features in complex currents……Page 218
Summary……Page 220
Introduction……Page 222
Regimes and mechanisms of heat and mass transfer……Page 223
Controls on heat and mass transfer……Page 225
Heat and mass transfer in separated low-speed flows……Page 232
Heat and mass transfer in high-speed flows……Page 233
Instabilities accompanying mass or heat-with-mass transfer……Page 234
Classification of Kurren……Page 237
First-order Kurren……Page 239
Second-order Kurren……Page 245
Cockling……Page 256
Transverse Kurren and related forms……Page 257
Structures related to high-speed flow……Page 264
Summary……Page 266
Flute marks……Page 268
Mud ripples……Page 274
Potholes……Page 276
Sichelwunnen……Page 279
Origin of flute marks……Page 282
Origin of mud ripples……Page 301
Origin of potholes……Page 303
Origin of Sichelwannen……Page 304
Summary……Page 305
Introduction……Page 308
Varieties of liquefaction……Page 310
Static liquefaction……Page 311
Dynamic and cyclic liquefaction……Page 313
Varieties of fluidization……Page 320
Stationary fluidization……Page 321
Bulk self-fluidization……Page 330
Grain self- fluidization……Page 332
Apparent viscosity of liquidized sediments……Page 336
Sedimentation……Page 342
Fluidization after liquefaction……Page 355
Summary……Page 356
Introduction……Page 358
Kinematics and dynamics of soft-sediment deformation……Page 359
Classification of soft-sediment deformation structures……Page 363
Deformation structures related to gravitationally unstable vertical profiles of bulk density……Page 364
Deformation structures related to non-uniform confining loads……Page 390
Deformation structures related to a downslope body-force component……Page 395
Deformed cross-bedding related to fluid drag……Page 401
Summary……Page 408
Introduction……Page 410
Dissipation of gravity-current surges……Page 411
Turbidites and the Bouma sequence……Page 416
Pyroclastic flow, ground surge and base surge deposits……Page 432
Summary……Page 446
Introduction……Page 448
Morphology of the barred beach and nearby offshore……Page 449
Longshore bars and troughs……Page 450
Minor sedimentary structures associated with longshore bars and troughs……Page 461
Transverse bars……Page 467
Beach cusps……Page 468
Beach lamination……Page 476
Summary……Page 484
Introduction……Page 486
Two-dimensional steady models of wind effects……Page 487
Natural surges and wind-induced currents……Page 496
Complex models of wind effects……Page 498
Dependence of wind stress on wind speed……Page 500
A model of storm sedimentation in shallow waters……Page 502
Storm sand-layers in modern sedimentary environments……Page 508
Storm sand-layers in the stratigraphic record……Page 511
Summary……Page 520
Rill mark……Page 522
Tool marks……Page 524
Scratch circles……Page 536
Corrasion beneath the wind……Page 538
Swash and foam marks……Page 540
adhesion and rian-impact ripple marks……Page 544
Cavernous sand, sand holesm and sand domes……Page 550
Mud waves on the deep-ocean floor……Page 553
Shrinkage cracks……Page 559
Sheet-like sedimentary intrusions……Page 569
Ptygmatic folds in desiccation-crack infills and sedimentary dykes……Page 571
References……Page 576
SUBJECT INDEX (for Volumes I and II)……Page 660